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Detailed data of reed
Alias: reed, reed, English scientific name: reed (Phragmites Australis) Category: aquatic family name: Gramineae, Phragmites, with more than 65,438+00 species, distributed in the global tropics, Oceania, Africa and Asia. Reed is the only species in the world. There are three kinds of China.

Chinese name: reed, scientific name: sh incarnation. Boundary: plant subdivision: green plant subdivision: Charophyte subdivision: Equisetum (embryogenic plant) subdivision: Equisetum (vascular plant subdivision): Magnoliaceae (angiosperms): Lilium. Superorder: Commelina Superorder: Gramineae: reed description, morphological characteristics, ecological habits, species, genus model, origin distribution, propagation and cultivation, application value, daily value, medicinal value, feeding value, related poems, instant events in Jia and Jiang villages, vigils in Jiang villages, and guests and guests in Qingxi. "In shallow water, there are clumps of graceful reeds; There are many postures swaying in the wind, which are unpretentious. " Reed stems are very tall, swaying with the wind and full of wild interest. Reed is widely distributed and grows all over the world. There are 2 species 1 varieties in China, among which reeds can be found everywhere and like to grow near the water. Roots and stems are distributed in four places, which have the function of consolidating dikes; The stem is thick and tough, which can be used to build huts and make arrow shafts; The fibers of stem bark can be woven into reed curtains and mats, which are used as raw materials for papermaking; The root is used as medicine, named reed root; Other species of this genus can also be used as dike protection plants. Stout perennial herb with long broad leaves and large terminal panicles; Spikelets have 3-7 small flowers, the lowest is male or neutral flowers, and the rest are bisexual flowers; The rachis of spikelets is covered with filament hairs, and the base of each node above Yu Ying and between florets falls off. After the fruit falls off, it can be scattered with the wind with the help of filament hairs. Morphological characteristics reed is a perennial reed-like swamp herb with developed rhizomes. Stems erect, with many nodes; Leaf sheaths usually glabrous; Ligule thick film, hairy margin; Leaf blade broad, lanceolate, mostly glabrous. Panicle is large and dense, and most branches are rough; Spikelets contain 3-7 florets, the rachis of spikelets are short and hairless, and the first outer scales are not in a straight line with mature flowers. Glumes are unequal in length, with 3-5 veins, pointed or acuminate at the top, all shorter than their florets; The first lemma is usually sterile, containing stamens or neutral, the floret lemma gradually becomes smaller upward, narrowly lanceolate, with 3 veins, tapering or awning at the top, glabrous, the lemma floor is slender and filiform, and the palea is narrow and much shorter than its lemma; There are 2 paddles, 3 stamens, and the anther length is1-3mm. The caryopsis is separated from its lemma, and the embryo is small. The chromosome is small, x=6, 12, 2n=24, 36, 48, 96, 38, 44, 46, 49, and it is high ploidy or aneuploid. Ecological habits are mostly born in low wetlands or shallow waters. Reed is a common waterside plant, which is often confused with cold awn. The difference is that the stem of reed is hollow, but the cold awn is not. In addition, cold awns can be seen everywhere, and reeds are born of water. Flowering in summer and autumn, panicle, terminal, scattered, long 10 ~ 40 cm, slightly drooping, spikelet containing 4 ~ 7 flowers, monoecious, inflorescence about 15 ~ 25 cm long, spikelet length 1.4 cm, white-green or brown, with the smallest inflorescence. Reed fruit is caryopsis, lanceolate, with persistent style at the top. Reed is a tall perennial aquatic or wet grass, which grows beside irrigation ditches, river banks and swamps. Reed plants are tall and have developed creeping roots underground. The stem is erect, with a height of 1 ~ 3 meters, and often produces white powder under the node. Leaf sheaths cylindrical, glabrous or with fine hairs. Lingual hairs, long linear or long lanceolate leaves, arranged in two rows. Leaf length1.5-45cm and width1-3.5cm.. Panicle branches are dense and extend obliquely. Inflorescence length 10-40 cm, spikelet with 4-7 florets. Glumes have three veins, one short and the other slightly longer; The first flower is mostly male, and the rest are bisexual; The apex of the second outer sample is a long cone, and the length of filiform fluff of the substrate is 6-12mm; Palea is about 4 mm long and rough on the ridge. It has a long and stout creeping rhizome, which is mainly propagated by the rhizome. Phragmites (CAV. )Trin. Ex Steud。

Reed (CAV. Australian reed. Japanese reed. Japanese reed (original variety) Japanese reed

Climbing reeds. var。 Prostate grass (Makino) L. Liu Kakai reed Karka (Retz. )Trin. Ex Steud。

Reed calka (Reitz. )Trin. Ex Steud。 Var。 Sinktus Hooke. F.

Kakailu (original variety) reed Karka (Retz. )Trin. Ex Steud。 Var。 Calka is a typical reed Australia (CAV. )Trin. Ex Steud。 Distribution reeds grow in swamps, banks and rivers, often forming reed ponds. It grows all over the world, but it is widely distributed in China. Among them, the Liaohe Delta, Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China, Hulunbeier and Xilingol Grassland in Inner Mongolia, Bosten Lake, Ili Valley and Emin Valley in Tacheng, Xinjiang, Baiyangdian Lake in North China Plain and other reed areas are large-scale concentrated distribution areas. There are more than 10 species, distributed in tropical areas, Oceania, Africa and Asia. Reed is the only species in the world. There are three kinds of China. Breeding is born in shallow water or low wetland, and newly cultivated wheat fields or other paddy fields and dry fields are vulnerable. Phragmites communis has transverse rhizomes and mainly propagates in natural habitats. Roots crisscross into a net, even forming a thick rhizome layer on the water surface, on which people and animals can walk. Rootstock has strong vitality and can be buried underground for a long time. Rootstocks with a height of 65,438+0 m or even 65,438+0 m can still develop into new branches once the conditions are suitable. It can also reproduce with seeds, which can spread with the wind. The adaptability to water is very wide, from soil wetting to perennial water accumulation, from a few centimeters deep to more than 1 meter, reed communities can be formed. Tall grass communities can be formed in rivers and lakes with a water depth of 20 ~ 50 cm and a slow flow rate, which is called "grass forest". In Baiyangdian area of North China Plain, the germination period is in early April, the leaf unfolding period is in early May, the growing period is in early April to late July, the booting period is in late July to early August, the heading period is in early August to late August, the flowering period is in late August to early September, the seed maturity period is 65438+1early October, and the defoliation period ends in 10. Shanghai sprouted from underground rhizomes in the middle and late March, which occurred in large quantities in April-May, blossomed in September-65438+1October, and bore fruit in June-165438+1October. In Heilongjiang Province, seedlings emerged from May to June, only vegetative growth was carried out in that year, overwintering buds were formed from July to September, sprouted from May to June, blossomed from July to August, and matured from August to September. Reed is a kind of soil and water conservation and dike-fixing plant with application value and daily value. Reed stalks can be used as raw materials for papermaking, rayon and rayon, and can also be used for weaving mats and curtains. When tender, it contains a lot of protein and sugar, which is an excellent feed; Buds are also edible; Inflorescences can be used as brooms; Trivia can fill the pillow; The rhizome is called reed root. Medicinal value Chinese medicine is cold and sweet, and has the functions of clearing stomach fire and removing lung heat; Has the effects of invigorating stomach, stopping vomiting and inducing diuresis. The leaves, flowers, stems, roots and asparagus of reed are all medicinal materials. Compendium of Materia Medica says that reed leaves "cure cholera and vomit carbuncle"; The classic "Daoyuan" records the merits of "burning Tibet and treating blood"; In addition to using reed leaves as the end, wash with onion and pepper soup and apply it to treat hair and back ulcers. Lu Hua stops bleeding and detoxifies, and treats epistaxis, bloody collapse and vomiting and diarrhea. "Materia Medica" records that it "cooks thick juice to poison fish and crabs." Reed is not only a good crystal in dishes, but also can cure thirst and gonorrhea. Wang Jiu Yao Jie says that it can "clear lung, quench thirst, induce diuresis and relieve stranguria" and Compendium of Materia Medica records that it can "solve all kinds of botulism". Reed stems and reed roots are the most important drugs for treating fever in traditional Chinese medicine, which can clear away heat, promote fluid production, relieve annoyance and stop vomiting. Fourteen ancient medicine books are recorded in detail. The famous "forward reed" stem. Modern pharmacology has proved that leaves, flowers, stems and roots of reed are rich in pharmacological components-pentosan, coix lachryma-jobi polysaccharide, protein, fat, carbohydrate, D- glucose, D- galactose, two kinds of uronic acids, vitamin B 1, B2, C and so on. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of the medical community. Feeding value Reed is an excellent forage grass with wide adaptability, strong resistance and high biomass, and its feeding value is high. Young stems and leaves are loved by all kinds of domestic animals. It is also used as mowing land or grazing and mowing land, and is often used as grazing land in early spring. Reed grassland has seasonal water accumulation or is too wet, which is high grassland and suitable for grazing cattle and horses. Reed plants on the ground are tall and have strong regeneration ability. The grassland dominated by reed also has higher biomass. Under natural conditions, the yield of fresh grass per hectare is 3.9 ~- 13.9 tons. You can mow it two or three times a year. Besides grazing and utilization, hay and silage can be dried. The ensilaged grass is blue-green and full of fragrance. Sheep like to eat, and cattle and horses like to eat. The related poem Jia Jia (from The Book of Songs Qin Feng) is flourishing, and the white dew is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water Sadly, the Millennium is still there. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and broken. Swim back from the inside and swim in the water. Jia Cai, peace and prosperity have not passed. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and follow, the road is blocked and turn right. Swim back from the inside and swim in the water. Jiangcun is a matter (a common book). Don't tie the boat when you come back from fishing. Jiangcun sleeps on the moon. Even if the wind blows at night and the boat is blown away by the wind, it just stops on the shallow shore of the reed catkin beach. At night in Jiangcun (Dai Fugu), the sun falls on the river head, the sand surface is flat, the tide recedes and the fishing boat pavilion tilts. Bai Niao stood by the water and watched people start to walk into the reed flowers. Song (Wang Zhongliang), the host of Qingxi, was beaten by the wild king, and there was a continuous celebration outside the door. Show your eyebrows and smile in purple beard and autumn, with Curtin Moon in your sleeve. Yin Shan's master carried Sesshū Tōyō, and the tent was tied to Qingxitou. I don't know much about ear fever all my life. Do you want to stay in the clouds? In the west wind, the reeds don't move and the seagulls fly. Horseshoe still enters the green hills, and willow tips soak in the moon like water. Ode to Reed (Yu Yafei) In shallow water, there are clusters of graceful reeds; Swaying with the wind, unpretentious.