(The pictures and texts in this article are original) 1 In Zhaotong, niujie is undoubtedly ancient. The most common saying is that the ancient town of niujie has a history of 1600 years. But this statement is obviously exaggerated. Of course, there were activities in niujie during the Western Han Dynasty. Bo people are certainly not indigenous to niujie. They are a people who are constantly migrating and retreating. They migrated from the Minjiang River basin to the depths of Wumeng, but there was no way out and they could only disappear. Therefore, there is no shadow of Bo people's national activities now. We only vaguely know that there is something called a hanging coffin hanging on a high cliff. This seems to be the only evidence that they were ever alive. As for the legends they left in the folk, for future generations, it is just a pastime. When we explore the history of a place, we are actually exploring the human history of this place. According to some data, niujie's * * * was moved from Sichuan in the middle of Ming Dynasty. At that time, the Bo people in niujie were the majority. Judging from the legends of the Gelao people in later generations, at that time, * * * had great fear of the Gelao people. Until 15 15 (Ming dynasty), the people of Bohai led the uprising of ethnic minorities and were suppressed by the court. This changed, and the aborigines in niujie were killed. ""Nobody was killed for dozens of miles. But what puzzles me is that from the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, Bo people lived in niujie for 1000 years. Why didn't they leave any evidence in niujie? At least, there is no archaeological discovery in this area at present. Bo people, this mysterious nation, have you really lived in niujie for 1000 years? History books, it seems that some key pages have been torn off. Therefore, it may be said that Bo people have little to do with the ancient town of niujie. Or objectively speaking, the ancient town of niujie was not built by rich people, but by * * *. Since niujie's * * * was moved from other places in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, that is to say, niujie had * * *, which was five or six hundred years ago. We can also find some evidence from the genealogy of niujie residents. Niujie residents all moved to niujie in the Ming and Qing Dynasties with the surnames of Huang, Wu, Le, wang xing, Zeng, Chen, Xu, Wen, Xu, Gao and He. In other words, there is no evidence that * * * moved to niujie before the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Then, even if the market town of niujie is inhabited now, it is doubtful whether it was a market town at that time. Or, we can also explore its hidden shadow in the depths of history from niujie's architecture. The earliest record of building a house in niujie is 1730 (the eighth year of Yongzheng). A man named Mao built his own house in niujie. Further, we can't find the record. An interesting historical fact is that in 15 15, that is, the year when the Gelao people led the uprising of ethnic minorities, the chieftain of Mangbu Prefecture demanded a long lawsuit against the Gelao people. 152 1 year, the Baishui River was set up in Mangbu Prefecture, which is a six-grade military straight. According to Wu Zong's records, the reason for setting up such military institutions is that ethnic minorities often take part in riots, and niujie is too far away from Zhenxiong, which is beyond the reach of Zhenxiong. Bochou Dam is now Guochou Dam in Niujie Town. Guochouba is three or four kilometers away from the market town of niujie. Starting from the market town of niujie, if you walk, you need to climb a steep long slope and cross a pass called Box Factory. Compared with niujie market town, it is more open. Nowadays, even if the local residents are very thick, few people know the specific office location of the dragon lawsuit. The only evidence is that someone dug up sporadic gravel in the soil. After only 500 years, the mulberry field became the sea. I won't talk about the extraordinary significance of the establishment of such an institution in niujie in those days. What I want to say is, why did the Mangbu government set the long lawsuit in Guochouba instead of the current niujie market town? Does this mean that niujie had not yet formed a relatively prosperous market town? There is only one truth in history. We may not find the truth, but we can keep getting closer to it. Twenty years ago, only ruins and tiles remained in the prosperous niujie Governor's Office, General Affairs Office and Military Headquarters. Some historic sites with architectural significance in niujie, such as Wenchang Palace, Wanshou Palace, City God Temple, Cengong Temple, Wangye Temple and Wu Miao, still exist, and some of them have been destroyed. They were first built 200 years ago, and buildings older than them have disappeared. In other words, we have no way to know whether there are any landmarks older than them. Niujie is old, but it may not be as old as we have heard. Millennium ancient town, this may be a gorgeous coat that Niu Jie put on her body, but it has never been put on herself. Before 1990s, the phrase "niujie, an ancient town with a thousand years" was still hidden in a dusty dictionary, separated by thick pages. At that time, niujie was quiet, peaceful and graceful. Baishuijiang passes through the middle of the street, which is soothing and clear. Rows of old wooden houses rose from the river with brown tiles on the roof. Narrow streets, smooth slate streets, they are all things precipitated by years, simple and real. Those old houses are really old, but they haven't gone through a thousand years. Wooden houses can't stand thousands of years of wind and rain, and buildings that survived until the 1980 s and 1990 s will not live until the end of the Qing Dynasty even if they are pushed up hard. From the period of the Republic of China to the early days of liberation, the houses of residents in niujie were all mixed with tile houses and straw houses. Obviously, for the local residents at that time, the tile houses were more expensive and higher in grade than the straw houses, so those straw houses were gradually transformed into tile houses. By 1992, 57 new reinforced concrete buildings have been built in the street. What kind of house to build, how to build it, and then Niu Jie relaxed. At that time, niujie had its own small world. Later, niujie was discovered, just like Tao Yuanming's Wuling fisherman discovered the Peach Blossom Garden. They discovered the ancient meaning of niujie folk houses. With the development of social economy, the old things in the world are mostly replaced by new things, but there are so many old houses, streets and things left in niujie. Every step they take in the old street, they hear the echo of history under their feet. They found that Sichuan culture and Yunnan culture meet here, and they collided with niujie's unique cultural atmosphere, such as an eloquent uncle, an aunt sitting at the door in shoes, a fashionable white niujie girl in harmony with this town, and groups of innocent children bathing in the Baishui River. They opened the history of niujie and found that it had extraordinary revolutionary significance in the whole county and even the whole city. As a result, niujie has been known as the ancient town for thousands of years. Open Baidu, which describes the history of niujie in this way: "The ancient town of niujie was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty." "Ancient town, of course, the older the better. Therefore, the history of the ancient town has been written for more than 1,600 years. There seems to be nothing wrong with this. During the Western Han Dynasty more than 1,600 years ago, niujie was definitely inhabited. Then, let's start from that time. In the decade after the mid-1990s, niujie experienced the most famous period in its history. At that time, niujie appeared in newspapers and TV and became a tourist attraction. At that time, when dignitaries and celebrities came to Yiliang, niujie was a must-see, although there was a 90-kilometer bumpy road from the county seat to niujie. They think this bulge is a part of the scenery in niujie. People like the scenery of niujie, the local products of niujie, and the feeling of walking on the winding stone road. Among them, there are female tourists holding oil-paper umbrellas and enjoying the ancient town. They seem to be dreaming. Here, it seems like the south of the Yangtze River with apricot blossoms and spring rain, and it is a small town left here in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, a former leader from niujie said in a written speech that although niujie has a long history and prospered in the past, its real prosperity came after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. In fact, this sentence expresses a true historical fact. In what era was niujie as prosperous as niujie today? As we can see, the ancient town of niujie was rebuilt later. The renovation of the ancient town of niujie is "repairing the old as before", and a person who once participated in the renovation of the ancient town of niujie once told me. We have seen many so-called ancient towns. Antique houses, antique streets, antique porches, plank roads, bridges, lanterns ... but some people look for antiques and see new ones. In fact, Niu Jie is the same. Gray tiles, white walls, and neat brown lines on the waist. There are neat lanterns hanging on both sides of the street, and dim electric lights are hidden in the lanterns. Like a woman with heavy makeup, you can see at a glance that she is not herself. Does it look nice? Some people say it's not beautiful, others say it's beautiful. But there is no doubt that the business of cosmetics shops on the street is better than before. Eight out of ten women who pass by you wear lipstick. But for many old niujie people who miss Su Yan, their feelings are mixed. They say the ancient town is no longer old. Yes, from the architectural point of view, it is really not what it used to be. However, it used to be just a concept of time. They miss niujie at that time, but niujie at that time was not the same as niujie at the beginning of liberation. niujie at the beginning of liberation was also very different from niujie in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and of course it was very different from niujie 200 years ago. Ancient times were relative. People who miss old niujie will surely think of old niujie's past. Baishui River, which originated in Maogu Village, Hezhang County, Guizhou Province, has been flowing on the earth for thousands of years. When flowing through niujie, because of the slow terrain, a flat dam was alluvial here, so people built houses here. Over time, a market town was formed in niujie. A market town and a river are so connected. Because it is located at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, and it is also a traffic fortress, it once became a prosperous commercial village known far and near. But Baishui River is not a calm river. For example, in August of 193 1, the river surged and the crops and houses along the river bank were flooded. About 30 families' houses in the small street in front of the office building of Jiangbei County Government were swept away by the flood, leaving no tiles left. The houses in the lower row of Main Street and Heba Street were washed away, leaving only a few houses. Before 1990s, almost all buildings in niujie were wooden houses. 1937, Chen Bingxing caught fire while cooking in a hotel on the first street, causing a fire. More than 100 houses on both sides of the 200-meter-long street were burned into ruins. 1950, a fire broke out at Wen Yuxian's Dojo on the first street, burning down the second floor of/kloc-0. 1958, a fire broke out in niujie service group in the center of a street. Burning 12 organ 12 house and 3 1 house, 104 firefighters were injured. When the fire broke out, it also caused social problems such as looting in the fire. 1992, a residential electric stove on the second street started a fire, burning down the houses in the street 1800 square meters, killing 1 person and seriously injuring 1 person. Fire has become the biggest safety hazard in old niujie. After transformation, niujie has largely avoided this hidden danger. Is this a curse or a blessing for niujie people who have lived here for generations? It goes without saying. People miss old niujie, perhaps because when people talk about Zhaotong tourism, few people mention the reality of niujie. Even when Yiliang people talk about the tourist attractions in the county, few people mention niujie's name again. In people's eyes, niujie is a market town and an ordinary place. This is somewhat sad. What about the booming tourism industry in niujie? Where did it go? After all, there was a time when Niu Jie was like an ambitious runner. He stood on the runway to prepare for the exercise, but the starting gun didn't sound. The audience in the stands gradually left and dispersed, leaving only a lonely figure on the field. Noisy and quiet, brilliant and lonely, niujie seems to be experiencing the dreamland of the floating world. In a person's life, spring goes and spring comes, and the tide rises and falls. Isn't it just like Niu Jie? But what does it matter? This is the truest state. Even if you run on the track forever, you can't stand on the podium every time. More often, sitting in the stands and enjoying it slowly is the most normal heartbeat frequency. When you walk through the streets of the ancient town of niujie, you will find that apart from the houses, niujie is still the old niujie. She just put on some makeup. She just changed her clothes. She is still her. Niujie residents certainly understand this. You read, or don't read, you go, or don't go, Niu Jie is always there, be yourself or yourself. Besides, the century-old culture of niujie is still there, and the spirit of niujie is still there. The Baishui River, which crept through Niujie Town, is still there.