1 (Pu) Hello (Yue) Hello!
2 (Pu) is there, (Yue) is on the edge.
It's two o'clock. Two points of clothing family in Guangdong
4 (Pu) What are you doing? What are you doing?
5 (Pu) Have you eaten? (Guangdong) Have you eaten the leftovers?
What's your name? What's your name?
7 (general) Thank you (Guangdong)No..
8 (General) Sorry/Sorry (Guangdong) Sorry/Sorry.
9 (General) Sorry to bother you (Guangdong) Sorry to keep you for a while.
Ask for directions:
1 (GM) Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the * * * road? (Guangdong) Well, I want to ask where * * * is going?
Can I go by bus? (Guangdong) Can I go by car?
How long will it take if I walk? (Guangdong) How tolerant will I be if I take the highway?
Shopping:
1 (Pu) How much is this (Guangdong)?
2 (Pu) is so expensive! Cheap! (Guangdong) dry return? Shao!
3 (Generally) Give me * Jin (Guangdong) Compared with * Jin I 4 (Generally) I'm very busy recently (Guangdong) I'm busy with my steak.
I have no change. /kloc-can I change 0/00 yuan? I don't have any loose paper. Can I find 100 mosquitoes?
It's very kind of you. What's it like there? I'm so happy to see my hometown!
(Guangdong) You are welcome! Home is around! I'm so happy to see my hometown!
7 (general) Thank you (Guangdong)No..
There are two situations:
1. Others provide "services", such as; He poured us a cup of tea and said, oh, no.
2. What others provide is "material", such as; Give us a bonus and say, thank you! Don't say "no" at this time! Because "no" I shouldn't bother you (the implied fact is: in fact, the other party should, and we are also polite. For example, the waiter pours tea, which is his duty)
Cantonese has nine tones, and there are six after the merger. What tone is represented by the number after the Cantonese pinyin of each word? It is represented by the number 1-6. This kind of pinyin is more difficult to learn because the difference is not very big. The pinyin of Putonghua is for the convenience of typing with purple pinyin. If you get the Cantonese input method I sent, you can type it in Cantonese Pinyin.
burp
Chinese pinyin: e
Cantonese pinyin: ngeg 1
Meaning: deception
Ex.: You are God, er me!
Hmm (expressing hesitation, etc.)
Mandarin pronunciation: Gan
Cantonese pronunciation: gem3
Meaning: So
Example: A shirt is very expensive!
Suffer from hell
Mandarin pronunciation: Gan
Cantonese pronunciation: gem2
Meaning: like this
For example: both?
Sheep cry
Mandarin pinyin: mie
Cantonese Pinyin: mé 1
Meaning: express doubt, what?
For example: do?
Cow cry
Putonghua pronunciation: dei
Cantonese pronunciation: dei6
Meaning: children
Example: I am a student.
good
Putonghua pronunciation: Yi language
Cantonese pronunciation: yi2
Meaning: exclaim, express surprise
Example: hmm? Strange?
ah
Chinese Pinyin: Wu
Cantonese Pinyin: m4
Meaning: no
Example: Not good
Hmm (expressing hesitation, etc.)
Putonghua pronunciation: left
Cantonese pronunciation: zo2
Meaning: Yes.
Example: I ate rice.
spraying jet
Mandarin pronunciation: Ji
Cantonese pronunciation: jit 1
Meaning: shoot with water
Example: pumping water
acridine
Mandarin pronunciation: elegant
Cantonese pronunciation: nga 1, a
Meaning: modal particles, usually used with "horse"
For example, no one wants to be late. There is a traffic jam.
?
Putonghua pronunciation: wai
Cantonese pronunciation: wo5
Meaning: Modal particles are often used to express other people's orders.
He told you to go to the meeting today? .
hush
Putonghua pronunciation: ground
Cantonese pronunciation: di 1
Meaning: quantifier, equivalent to "some", can also be used as a ranking attribute alone.
For example, it's awkward and embarrassing.
Hmm (expressing hesitation, etc.)
Mandarin pronunciation: melon
Cantonese pronunciation: gua3
Meaning: modal particles, right?
For example, it should be, um.
hektometer
Mandarin pronunciation: ngam
Cantonese pronunciation: ngam 1
Meaning: Yes, it fits.
Example: Do you speak well?
agree with
Mandarin pronunciation: Bei
Cantonese pronunciation: hei2
Meaning: in
Example: I work in a real estate company.
hey
Mandarin pronunciation: open
Cantonese pronunciation: gé3
Meaning: Yes.
Example: my name is X.
Used to express approval.
Mandarin pronunciation: Lei
Cantonese pronunciation: lag3
Meaning: similar to "hello"
Example: Walking
die
Mandarin pronunciation: Li
Cantonese pronunciation: Lei 4
Meaning: Come on, get up.
For example, crossing the border
be
Putonghua pronunciation: Ye
Cantonese pronunciation: yee5
Meaning: things
For example, there is food to eat.
artificial intelligence
Putonghua pronunciation: plug
Cantonese pronunciation: sai 1
Meaning: waste
Example: Good!
oh
Putonghua pronunciation: plug
Cantonese pronunciation: sai3
Meaning: completely
Example: spit rice and pour rice.
stifle
Mandarin pronunciation: ai
Cantonese pronunciation: ngai3
Meaning: make a phone call
Example: Help!
ouch
Putonghua pronunciation: Hou
Cantonese pronunciation: geu6
Meaning: quantifier, block
For example, a stone
shachihoko
Mandarin pronunciation: go
Cantonese pronunciation: go2
Meaning: that
Example:? ? individual
exhalation
Mandarin pronunciation: Hu
Cantonese pronunciation: la3
The tone of completion is equivalent to' le'
For example: win
expectoration
Mandarin pronunciation: Luo
Cantonese pronunciation: lo3
Meaning: a perfect tone, equivalent to' le'
Example: Done.
affirmative vote
Putonghua pronunciation: speaker
Cantonese pronunciation: jé 1
Meaning: modal particles, "de" and "ah"
Example: What a difference!
(Describing the meowing sound) Meow.
Mandarin pronunciation: mi
Cantonese pronunciation: mei5
Meaning: don't
Example: Mi Zhu, Mi Qian.
(Describing the meowing sound) Meow.
Mandarin pronunciation: mi
Cantonese pronunciation: mei6
Meaning: just
For example, the microphone system is awkward.
oh
Mandarin pronunciation: Luo
Cantonese pronunciation: lo 1
Meaning: ah, la
For example: just prick it!
Singapore
Mandarin pronunciation: le
Cantonese pronunciation: lég 1
Meaning: smart and capable
For example: Laizi, Jingle.
Mandarin pronunciation: xi
Cantonese pronunciation: ngeb 1
Meaning: talk (usually nonsense)
For example: crazy, crazy.
Mandarin pronunciation: horse
Cantonese pronunciation: meg
Meaning: "trademark", foreign word "mark"
Example: marks and numbers
hey
Putonghua pronunciation: bo
Cantonese pronunciation: bo3
Meaning: Modal particle, indicating the reminding tone.
Example: Well, don't you remember?
Mandarin pronunciation: dia
Cantonese pronunciation: dé2
Meaning: Describe a coquetry voice or attitude.
For example: jiaosa
trumpet
Mandarin pronunciation la
Cantonese pronunciation: la3
Meaning: modal particles, equivalent to "le"
Like walking well.
The words in Cantonese are very rich, and the changes are even more colorful. Cantonese can transform infinite vitality with limited words.
First look at prefixes and suffixes. I appreciate the word "zi", which is similar to the word "zi" in Mandarin, but it has a much greater function and is a widely used suffix. For example:
1. means small: house (hut), paparazzi (puppy), sparrow (bird), box (small box) ...
2. Xiu En 'ai: Jiezai (Xiaojie), Wang Zi (Xiao Wang), Zijie (Xiao Nizi), Zishu (referring to his uncle), Fangzi (baby) and Sao Xia Zi (baby). ...
3. Nicknames: wage earners, shoeshine boys, eye boys (generally referring to children's small eyes) and hand boys (generally referring to children's small hands) ...
Representatives are: naughty boy (good boy), silly boy (fool), casual boy (loafer), thief boy (thief) and clever boy (referring to the younger generation). ...
As suffixes, there are "Lao", "Po", "Gong", "Female", "Sister", "Ghost", "Insect", "Cat", "Friend", "Dou", "Bao" and "Chicken", which are commonly known to people as "Lao, Gong or". Younger people are called girls and brothers: pretty girl (MM), fat girl (fat girl), schoolmate (student), groom (groom) and little brother (child). There are also people named Baohe Chicken: women's bag (a dead girl), Bao (a cry baby, mostly a child), mosquito repellent chicken (one yuan), and pupil chicken (a pupil). But some derogatory terms will use essence, ghost, worm and so on. : old ghost (a disparaging term for the elderly), heavy smoker (a smoker, also called' tobacco production'), loser (a person with a grudge), orphan (a stingy person), horse chaser (a naughty boy), gourd essence (a boaster) and nose. There are even more humorous ones that can be called fighting or [o wild]: shit fighting (bad), head-on fighting (roughly equivalent to "good goods", but not completely translated), and decline. ...
As for prefixes, there are "A" and "Lao", so I won't introduce them one by one.
Second, the overlapping of words makes the words more vivid and provides more choices in tone.
1. Adjectives become colorful in different overlapping ways.
① Monosyllabic adjectives.
ABB type: indicates deepening. Adjectives themselves do not overlap, but "contrast" partially overlaps. For example:
Black Meng Meng yellow bird green BB
Red Dangdang, white snowflakes and snowflakes together
Slippery, thin and quiet, Ying Ying.
Brushing your teeth is silly.
After adjective stress overlaps, the vividness and vividness of words are strengthened.
BAA type: monosyllabic adjectives sometimes appear in the "subject-predicate structure", and their "subject" parts do not overlap. Adjective-filled "predicates" partially overlap. For example:
Nose hook, tail tip, dizziness.
Shortness of breath relaxes the hands and makes the head heavy.
BBAA: The "subject" part is a disyllabic word, such as:
Old friends, ghosts, eyes, nuclei, laughter, eating.
Guanzi bone fingertip nose hair is long.
BACA type: If the same adjective overlaps, it can also be placed after the changed "subject". For example:
The intestines are straight, the stomach is straight, and the feet are soft.
Long hands and feet, long nose and big eyes.
ABAC aspect: In some formal words, adjectives as attributes can also overlap to form ABAC aspect, such as:
Beautiful eyebrows, good looks, too many flowers.
Rough body, rough potential, stubborn voice, stubborn gas
② Overlapping of disyllabic adjectives.
AABB style: This overlapping style only shows an emphasis, which is not much different from the original style in meaning. For example:
Solid and clean (solid) stable explosion (stable)
Fast and crisp (fast) birds and birds are green (in a hurry)
Baba gritted his teeth and smoked (dangerously)
Chemical chemistry (vulnerability)
AAB style: Disyllabic adjectives can also overlap into AAB style, which also indicates the emphasis of a subject, with a deeper degree and a slightly stronger tone. For example:
Wet and broken (bits and pieces, a small amount) interesting (fun)
Standing around (in a chaotic way) is short and thin (very short)
White and clean (white and tender) and dense (very strong)
Lalaling (shiny appearance) Birds and birds are green (impatient and grumpy)
This kind of overlap is more common.
2. Verbs in Cantonese also have many overlapping ways.
① Overlapping of monosyllabic verbs.
The main grammatical function of AA reduplication is to express the transience or temporality of actions and behaviors. Guangzhou dialect overlaps with monosyllabic adjectives, and tone sandhi is often used to distinguish the meaning. The same monosyllabic words overlap, sometimes they need to be tone sandhi to distinguish their meanings, sometimes they need to be tone sandhi, and sometimes they don't need to be tone sandhi.
Constant, such as:
Let's have a try (find it).
Sometimes after overlapping, the first syllable will be tone-shifted, which mainly appears in the tones of Yin Qu, Yang Ping, Yang Shang, Yang Qu, Xia Yin Ru and Yang Ru. They will be declared high. For example:
Yi (station) element [kei 13], overlapping [kei35][kei 13]
Twist (shake) the original [neη22] and overlap [neη35][neη22].
Beat (spell) the original [bk33], overlap [bk35][bk33]
There is no need to change the tone of BBA-style overlap, and there is not much difference in meaning, just enhancing the visualization of actions and actions. In this format, the verbs themselves do not overlap, but the modifiers overlap. Strictly speaking, it is not an overlapping form of the verb itself. For example:
Sitting in rows squinting.
Some articles regard this situation as verb reduplication. Here is a brief introduction.
"Smile" can also be called "smile", which is ABB's style, and this overlapping format is rare.
Monosyllabic verbs can also overlap with a word "Xia" to form the format of "A Xia A Xia", indicating that the action continues to repeat without interruption, such as:
Mandibular, mandible, lower limbs, lower limbs.
Jump, jump, talk, talk.
Sometimes, this overlap can also be transformed into "AA Xia" type, which means that the action has been going on for some time and is not fleeting. For example:
There is a personal loudness. A man, look here. )
I don't want to learn after learning. I don't want to learn once I learn. )
"AA Summer" style can sometimes be changed to "AA Gong" style, which not only means that the action is carried out in summer, but also has the color of reprimand. For example:
Your feet are bad and your voice is loud. Don't move your feet there. )
Do you know how to dance Gongka every day? Why do you always skip around all day? )
Monosyllabic verbs can also overlap with "buried" and have two forms. One is "bury, bury and bury", and "bury" contains the meaning of convergence and aggregation. General verbs can take "bury", such as "hold" and "collect". This "A-bury" can overlap, for example:
Bury (indicating continuous collection)
Be immersed in sorrow (keep gathering)
The other is "AA buried" type. As the above words can be said:
Gather and bury it, and collect and bury it.
It is also the repetition of actions and behaviors, and it is more intended to show its consequences. For example, "there is no shortage of money when receiving and burying", and the result of "there is no shortage of money" is obtained through the repeated behavior of "receiving and burying".
Monosyllabic verb reduplication also has the form of "A comes and A goes", indicating that the works appear back and forth. For example, "I can't find it" (I can't find it if I look for it). This is similar to the statement of ordinary life.
② Besides monosyllabic verbs, disyllabic verbs can also overlap.
Disyllabic verbs overlap to form AABB. These "disyllabic words" are mainly compound words. After overlapping, there is no big change in meaning, just to enhance its image or complexity. For example:
Fight, walk around (running, running errands)
Verb reduplication has another form. That is, the verb itself is unchanged, but it appears repeatedly (overlaps), and the object it carries changes to form ABAC form. This kind of overlap is especially common in Cantonese. For example:
Stop, talk back, talk back.
Depressed body, depressed potential, full color and full water
The strength of the system is the top of the heart and lungs.
This form of overlap is very common.
3. Besides adjectives and verbs, other substantive words (such as nouns) can also overlap. But this way of overlapping is similar to ordinary work, such as "father", "mother", "brother" and "brother". That is, the overlapping of personal words: "everyone", "everything" and "everywhere" are the overlapping of general nouns, or they indicate the comprehensiveness of the scope referred to by the noun, which is not much different from the common saying, so I won't introduce them one by one here.
It can be seen that Cantonese is not only rich in vocabulary, but also changeable in a limited vocabulary combination. Not only have more levels and choices in tone, but also make Cantonese more lively, charming and full of flavor. The word formation of Cantonese is basically the same as that of Mandarin, with some word formation in Mandarin and almost all in Cantonese, but Cantonese also has its own unique word formation, and its characteristics are summarized as follows:
1 and Cantonese retain more monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese. For example:
Eye (eye) table (table) mouth (mouth) ear (ear) female (female)
Son (son) wood (wood) stone (stone) bone (bone) shirt (clothes)
Shoes (shoes) socks (socks) buttons (buttons) turtles (turtles) ants (ants)
Eagle, Orange and Paddy.
Most of these words are nouns. In Mandarin, disyllabic words are formed by adding synonyms or suffixes such as "zi", "tou" and "er".
2. Semi-formal structures are usually modified from front to back, but there are also word-formation methods in Cantonese that are modified from front to back. For example:
Chicken (hen), dog (male dog), guest (guest), dried vegetables (dried vegetables)
Cucumber acid (sour cucumber)
There are two ways to choose coordinate words, and the first two are followed by one, which also refers to unifying things or unifying different attributes of things. For example:
Sputum at night (phlegm) Honesty and prestige at night (color and style are simple and generous, but more colorful and gorgeous) decline greatly (describing a big and stupid person) eating lazy (eating lazy)
4. Verb-object structural words are mostly verbs and a few are nouns in Mandarin. In Cantonese, besides verbs and nouns, they also constitute adjectives. For example:
Explosion (full, crowded), changing the stove (smashing the pot), making people (crowded)
Addiction (feeling when interested but not satisfied)
Nature (referring to children's understanding) is contrary to nature (heartless)
5. Add two identical or different interlinings after adjectives to increase the sense of rhythm and make the words more vivid. Mandarin has a similar word formation, but Cantonese is particularly rich. For example:
Duo Luo Meng Sheng Bai Sheng Xue Xue hot fat ten4 high.
Wet vertical sliding strokes lüd 1 Black Meng 1 Fine and fierce strokes.
Straight pen, pointed pen, short pen, round pen, dem4dê4 pen, red pen.
6. Nouns with suffixes, such as Zi, Female, Lao and Po. For example:
Knife (small knife) stool (small stool) Mingzai (Xiaoming) Gezai (Song)
A beautiful girl (a beautiful girl) and a smart girl (a smart girl)
Pork guy (a pork seller) fat man (a fat man)
A woman who washes clothes for others.