At this point, the ancient ship sailed south, avoiding Huya first, and then avoiding Jingmen to the north. Cross-flow is swift, hanging like thousands of feet, and the ship enters without the wind. Fu Jiang, a simple book in the state of Jin, says: "The tiger's teeth are broken vertically, and Jingmen lacks shaking." Li Daoyuan's Notes on the Water Classics of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Volume 34) said: "The river is in the east, between the tiger teeth of Jingmen, and Jingmen is in the south, with the upper part closed and the lower part opened. It is dark and the south mountain is dark, with a door image; Tiger teeth are in the north, with red stone walls and white teeth, named after things. These two mountains are also Cisse of Chu. " That passage vividly describes the topography of Jingmen Mountain and Huya Mountain.
Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, there are Chen Ziang's Looking at Chu in Jingmen, Li Bai's Farewell to Friends at Jingmen Ferry and Du Fu's Sleeping Out.
Chen Ziang (659 or 658/66 1 -700 or 699/702) was born in Shehong, Zizhou (now Sichuan). A writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, one of the innovative figures in early Tang poetry. His poems are simple and desolate, giving people a deep and gloomy feeling, leading the change of poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty and having a far-reaching influence on poets such as Zhang Jiuling, Li Bai and Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and later generations.
Chen Ziang was born in a wealthy family. When he was young, he was a generous and enthusiastic ranger. In 679 AD, about 2 1 year-old Chen Ziang left his hometown and went to the capital Chang 'an to take the exam. When the young poet first came from Shu to Chu, he felt fresh and eager to appreciate the scenery of Chu and express his lofty desire to govern the country and help the world.
Wuxia, one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, starts from Wushan County in Sichuan in the west and reaches Badong County in Hubei in the east. Zhangtai, namely Zhanghuatai, was built by the State of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is located in Jianli, Hubei Province today. Pakistan, the vassal state of Zhou Wuwang, is used here to refer to Bashu area; Jingmen Mountain is located in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, opposite to Huya Mountain on the north bank. The first three parts of the poem describe the scenery seen during the journey: in the first part, the ship leaves Wuxia and sails for Zhangtai, and the overlapping words "and" hope "are closely related to the words" degree "and" hope "in the title. Looking around, the ship has passed the Wuxia Gorge and Zhangtai is in sight; Close-ups seen when transferring through Jingmen; The neckline is closely linked with the word "open", which outlines an endless "looking" far field after sailing through Jingmen. End to end couplets directly express their great love for natural mountains and rivers with the "crazy singers" in Chu, and we seem to see the young poets' eagerness to serve the country and the people in the new world.
Chen Ziang's poem, which integrates landscape, travel notes and lyricism, is a masterpiece of the Five Laws in the early Tang Dynasty.
? Li Bai (70 1 year-76,265,438+February), whose real name is Taibai, is also known as "purple laity" and "fallen fairy". He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. He is indifferent, likes drinking and making friends. His singing and seven-line dance have reached a height that is beyond the reach of future generations.
Like Chen Ziang, Li Bai lives in Sichuan. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), Li Bai was twenty-five years old. He went to Sichuan along the waterway that Chen Ziang walked 46 years ago. In Bashu basin, he opened his eyes and closed his eyes all over the mountains. Out of Jingmen, the river is vast and the plain is gray. At first glance, Ye Ping is novel and exciting. Li Bai was excited and excited, so he stayed forever.
"Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners." The first sentence gets to the point. "Crossing" means sailing, "far" and "swimming" run through the poem, and the whole poem is crossing Jingmen by boat, from Shuchuan to Chu.
"It is the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, and the river winds through the wilderness." At that time, Jianghan Plain written by Li Bai had not developed into a chessboard-like field. What he saw was a huge swamp, too big to describe. Li Bai used the word "wild" and his vision was infinitely broad.
The scenery here is beautiful. At night, "the moon is lifted like a mirror" and during the day, "the sea clouds shine like a palace". The image of the moon on the river is a mirror falling from the sky, and the clouds are layered on top of each other to create a mirage.
"Water brings you the feeling of home. Pull your boat for 300 miles." How open and beautiful Chu is, it is not as beautiful as Li Bai's Hometown Water. He said: "The outside world is wonderful, but I still love my hometown and am still grateful for it. The water in my hometown not only nurtured my growth, but also sent me on a long trip in Wan Li not far away today. "
Li Bai's poems are rich in volume, including tens of thousands of miles of mountains and rivers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. His feelings are heroic, unrestrained and optimistic, without losing his homesickness. It is the weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770), with beautiful words, called himself a young man with a young age. Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, is from Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu, a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, had a far-reaching influence on China's classical poetry, and was called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poetry was called "the history of poetry".
Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Land was probably in the process of his leaving Chengdu. In 765, Yanwu, who took care of Du Fu, died of sudden illness. He lost his backer in Shu, so he had to leave the thatched cottage with his family and go all the way east, and arrived in Kuizhou in April of the first year of Dali (766).
Compared with Li Bai's Farewell to Jingmen, Du Fu's poems use six images side by side without a verb, which leads to many ambiguities.
? "The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still high mast." That is to say: the breeze gently blows the green grass on the shore, and the mast of the ship stands alone at night. It can also be said that the breeze is blowing on the grassy banks of the Buddha, and the high-mast boat is moored alone at night.
"The stars tilt down from the empty place, and the moon runs from the upper reaches of the river." Although these two sentences are broad in artistic conception, they give people a heavy, deep and depressing feeling. Pupils who don't know Li Bai and Du Fu's life, reciting Du Fu's poems, can easily be confused with Li Bai's "Mountains follow the plain, rivers surround the wilderness". Li Bai wrote these two sentences while sitting on a boat. They are spacious, brisk and full of movement. Du Fu wrote them when the boat was docked at the river, staring at them without moving. Li Bai wrote about the scenery during the day, while Du Fu wrote about the night scene at night.
Chen Ziang and Li Bai visited Jingmen in their youth, full of high morale and imagination of the future. One is "Today's crazy singers, who knows to come to Chu." One is "sail from Jingmen ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south." When Du Fu arrived in Jingmen, he was already a middle-aged and elderly person. Although he became famous for his poems, he achieved nothing in politics and was extremely unlucky in his life. When he is old, he still lives in a fixed place and wanders around, so he has "if my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office!" ."
The last two are "flying around, what am I like, but sandpiper in the vast world!" "This place is full of desolation.
In the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang passed Jingmen boldly, and in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li Bai passed Jingmen boldly. In the late Tang Dynasty, Du Fu was vigorous, dignified and solemn.
These three poems were produced about 40 years ago, reflecting different personalities, different societies and different destinies. Most of Chen Ziang's poems reflect reality and care about family and state affairs. He is very open-minded in his personal destiny, but he has always been concerned about the country and the people. He is ambitious, but "before me, where were those lost times?" Behind me, where is the next generation? " And have a strong sense of fatalism. He is called "poetic bone". Li Bai's style is elegant and free from vulgarity. Even though his mood is very painful, his poems are still optimistic and powerful, so they are called "poetic immortals". Du Fu lived in harmony with the country all his life, and the country was devastated after the "An Shi Rebellion". He is also old, and Du Fu, who cares about the country and the people, is called a "poet saint" by later generations.
? With the development of the times, waterways are gradually replaced by land. In the past, the gateway to the Three Gorges, a battleground for military strategists, turned the majestic Jingmen Mountain into a tourist attraction and a sacred mountain of culture, attracting countless tourists.