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1. The Snake Catcher was written when the author was demoted to Yongzhou, and it was a famous prose by Liu Zongyuan. The article tells the story that Jiang, a snake catcher, was willing to risk his life to catch poisonous snakes for his three generations without paying taxes, which reflected the miserable life of the working people in China in the middle Tang Dynasty, profoundly exposed the cruel oppression and exploitation of the working people by the feudal ruling class, and expressed the author's deep sympathy for the working people.

Shuo is a style in ancient China. It is the style of narrative and argumentative, which can explain things.

[Edit this paragraph] Original text

The snake catcher said

Liu Tang Zongyuan is selected from Liu Zongyuan's collected works.

Yongzhou produces different snakes in the wild, black and white; Die of touching grass; Be defenseless against people who bite others. However, if wax (xο) is used as bait, strong winds, spasms (Luá n Wn), fistulas (lòu) and boils can kill muscles and three worms. At the beginning, the imperial doctor was compiled according to the current season and given two years. Those who can be arrested are recruited and rented in. People are always struggling to run.

Those who owned the Chiang family all died for the benefit of III. When asked, he said, "My dad is dead, and so is my dad. Today, I have been a descendant of 12 years, and a few deaths count. " Anyway, if you look sad.

I said sadly, "What if it is poisonous? I told the person present (Li), if it is multi-service, if it is Fu, what should I do? "

The relatives of the Chiang family cried and said, "Will you be born with sadness? Then the misfortune of our service, if not returned, is very unfortunate. If you don't serve us, we will be ill for a long time. Since I lived in my hometown for the third time, I am 60 years old today, but my neighbors' birthdays are all frowning (cù), squatting (dān), tired home, calling for migration (xǐ), hungry, stumbling (bó), feeling the wind and rain, hot and cold, and shouting poison. I (n ǐ ng) live with my ancestors and have no room today. The people who live with my father are all in the room today; Those who have lived with me for twelve years have nothing to do with it today. Die or move. And I live by catching snakes alone. Fierce officials came to my hometown, clamoring for things, Hu and the north and south suddenly; Those who are stunned and frightened, although they are restless. My snake (xún xún) got up to see it (fǒu), and my snake was still alive, so I lay down. Eat carefully and sometimes offer. The next best thing is to eat the things in the soil, so as to do the best. Cover the crime of the deceased being one year old; The rest, they are happy. If my neighbor's Dandan is true! Even if I die today, it will be worse than the death of my neighbor. How dare I poison you? "

The more I listen to it, the more sad it becomes. Confucius said, "tyranny is fiercer than tiger." I doubt it, but I still believe Jiang's point of view. Oh! Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! Therefore, those who observe the folk customs get what they want.

[Edit this paragraph] Reference translation

There is a strange snake that grows in the wild in Yongzhou. It has a black background and a white pattern. The snake touched the vegetation and all the vegetation withered and died; If you bite a person, there is no way to resist a poisonous snake. But after catching and drying in the sun, it can be made into medicinal bait, which can be used to treat diseases such as strong wind, spasm, fistula and boils. It can also remove necrotic muscles and kill parasites in the human body. At that time, the Emperor Cure Too much ordered the collection of this snake twice a year to recruit people who could catch this snake to offset their taxes. People in Yongzhou are scrambling to do it.

There is a family named Jiang, and three generations enjoy the benefits of tax deduction for catching snakes. I asked him, and I said, "My grandfather died because of catching snakes, and so did my father. Now I have been doing this job for 12 years, and I almost died several times. " When he said this, his face was sad.

I felt sorry for him and said, "Do you hate this job? I'll tell the magistrate to change your job and restore your taxes. How about it? "

Jiang was very sad and said with tears in his eyes, "You pity me and want me to live?" Then the misfortune of my work is not as bad as the misfortune of resuming the lease. If I don't do this job, I will get into trouble. Three generations of my family have lived in this place for 60 years, but the life of our neighbors is getting worse every day. They took all the products produced on their own land and all the income at home (not enough to pay the rent), so they had to run away crying, fell to the ground hungry and thirsty, braved the storm, braved the cold and heat, and breathed toxic things. My grandfather used to live here, but now there is only one in ten families. Now less than two or three of the ten families live with their fathers; There are less than four or five households in ten households who have lived with me for twelve years. Those families are either dead or have moved away. But because of catching snakes, I survived. Violent officials came to my hometown and harassed and cursed everywhere. The noisy appearance disturbs the tranquility of the countryside, and even makes chickens and dogs restless. At this time, I got up carefully and looked at my crock. My snake was still there, so I lay down safely. I carefully fed the snake and offered it on the appointed day. After returning home, I spent the rest of my life eating things produced in the field with relish. It is estimated that you only die twice a year, and you can live happily the rest of the time. How can my neighbor be in danger every day! Now even if I die in this job, how can I hate it (catching snakes) compared with my dead neighbor behind me? "

The more I listen to it, the more sad it becomes. Confucius said, "The rule of cruelty is fiercer than that of tigers." I once doubted this sentence, and now it is really credible from what happened to Jiang. Alas! Who knows that the poison of exorbitant taxes is worse than this poisonous snake! So I wrote this "talk" to look forward to those officials (sent by the court) who inspected the people's feelings.

[Edit this paragraph] Notes on words

Yongzhou ① There are different snakes in the wild, black substance ①, white seal; Die of touching grass; ① Bite, no royal ② ①. While ② and ② of wax ③ think of erbium, but ③ kill three insects with strong wind, spasm, fistula and furuncle. (1) Cure too much at the beginning (4) Set it according to the king's life, give it in the year (2), and hire it if you can catch it (5). Someone who has been fighting for it.

① ⑤ "Zhi": Yes. "Different": strange. [Quality]: texture, foundation. ① "Er": Table juxtaposition. "Chapter": color pattern. [Contact]: Contact. "All": All, all. 1 "to": and, if. "bite": bite. Yu: resist. 2 "Zhi": instead of snake venom. ① "zhe": refers to the method. "Ran": However. (2) "Er": indicates inheritance. [Wax]: Dry. ③ ④ ⑤ "Zhi": instead of snakes. 234 "take": use. Wei: make, make. "bait": medicinal bait. The word "you" is used to do ... go away, which means to be cured here. "gale": leprosy. "contracture": a disease in which the hands and feet cannot flex. "Fistula": swollen neck. "Furuncle": malignant sore. Start: Remove. "Dead muscle": a muscle that has lost sensation, a necrotic muscle. "Three bugs": parasites in the human body. (1) "Qi": refers to what is to be said. "Cure too much": imperial doctor, the emperor's doctor. "get together": get together. "Year": noun as adverbial, every year. ② "Qi": refers to snakes. "Two": twice. "Invitation": soliciting, soliciting. ② "Zhe": refers to people. "When": as. ③ "Qi": refers to a person who can catch snakes. "people": pay. "Man": Man, avoiding the "man" of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. "Yan": pronoun, referring to this matter.

Use:

Bite (conjunction, if)

Gather (use) according to the king's command

Have:

There can be strong winds (healing)

Author:

The Chiang family (with ...)

How many dead people are there?

If you look sad

If:

If it is poisonous (you) (annoying)

If you serve more, if you are given again.

Cry:

Wang Ran shed tears (tears)

You will be born with sadness (will you pity me and let me live? Living, making ...)

Recipient:

Don't serve me (before)

You have been ill for a long time (it's difficult here)

Hit by wind and rain, make cold and summer (bear) (risk)

Either you die or you move (equivalent to "either"

Yelling at the east and west, yelling at the north and south (a preposition in prepositional phrases, like "Yu", placed behind the verb predicate as a complement, which can be translated as: shouting everywhere, harassing everywhere) is intertextual.

A person who is stunned and horrified (but auxiliary words and pronouns can be translated as "scene" or "momentum")

Is my neighbor's Dandan true (if it is true, it's not like this, it's just risking death)

How dare you be poisonous? How dare you hate this job? )

Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger. When translated into modern Chinese, prepositional phrases usually act as adverbials before verb predicates. This sentence comes from a story recorded in the Book of Rites. Liu Zongyuan quoted this sentence to express his dissatisfaction with the exorbitant taxes at that time.

I doubt it (on behalf of "tyranny is fiercer than tiger")

Use wax as bait (dry the meat; Think, make ...)

Give (levy) in the second year

Someone who has been fighting for it (referring to this matter)

And the neighbors' birthdays are embarrassing (every day)

Then I am happy (happy)

So that people who are now popular can get what they want (once, and so on, pronoun, referring to this article)

Who knew the poison was a snake? Who knows that the poison that plunders the people is worse than this poisonous snake!

Abstract of notional words

for

(1) verbs-make, make. "If you get what you want, you get what you want."

Two verbs-do, do. This is my heir for twelve years.

Three verbs-write. "Then say it."

already

(1) leave, meaning to recover. It may be windy.

There are already two. "It's worse than the death of a neighbor."

award

(1) collection. "Age gives seconds."

(2) rent and tax. "Who knows Fu Lian poison ..."

pestilence

1 malignant sore. There may be ... fistulas and boils.

(2) Epidemic disease and epidemic gas. Shh, shh, boiling.

enter

1 salary. When I rented it in.

2 income. "Exhaust inlet".

year

① Every year. "Age gives seconds."

② years. "I am sixty years old today."

very

(1) Very. If you look sad.

2 awesome. "It would be very unfortunate if I didn't reply to my blessing."

More than three. "I wonder if there is a snake in the poison!"

if

(1) It seems so. If you look sad.

2 you. "What if it's poisonous?"

poison

(1) resentment. "What if it's poisonous?"

2 toxic. Shh, shh, boiling.

③ Harm. "Who knows Fu Lian poison ..."

grow

Make ... live. "Will you be born with sadness?"

2 life. "And the neighbors' birthdays are shocked."

eat

1 eat. "settle for second best, content is always happy."

② sì, feeding. "Eat."

look

① Look. "Jiang's view today is like this."

2 check. "When your husband comes to watch the wind, you will get what you want."

Overview of function words

about

1. Yongzhou Wild Snake.

It is unfair to take independence. "The fierce official came to my hometown".

3 pronouns. "Ask and tell" (pronoun, referring to the Jiang family) "You will be sad" (representing yourself and me) "I have been a descendant of 12 years" (referring to catching snakes) "Bite people, unguarded people" (referring to snake bites) "Say whatever you say and look sad" (referring to people)

along with

1 if. If you want to bite, there is no royal person.

2 use. "Cure too much with the king's life".

3 because. And I live by catching snakes alone.

4 according to. "Jiang's view today is like this."

(5) generation, this article. "So, observe the folk customs."

how

① stands for snake. People who always try to escape.

(2) snakes. "Sometimes sacrifices are offered."

(3) Used at the beginning of a sentence with an estimated tone. There is nothing in this room.

Used at the end of rhetoric or questions.

(1). "Will you be born with sadness?"

2? "I wonder if there is a snake in the poison!"

(3) In the sentence, in. Screaming about something.

what

(1) Yes. My ancestors died.

2 here. "I will tell the people present."

(3) and in, to. "I am sixty years old today."

4 ratio. "Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger."

The focus of function words: and

The juxtaposition of black and white chapters

The relationship between getting what you want and getting what you want.

Born in sorrow, it depends on the progressive relationship.

And the turning point around the neighbor's frowning birthday.

Usually, the deceased also expressed the decorative relationship between the front and the back.

Migrate when you die, and I catch snakes to save the turning point.

Changes in the context of people who are amazed and afraid.

Decorative relationship between the front and back of the table

Relationship between relaxation and supine.

It depends on it, but my snake still exists, and it means to bear the relationship.

Send a gift from time to time to express the previous relationship.

Retreat and eat, which means to undertake the relationship.

Decorative relationship before and after happy time.

The more I listen, the sadder I feel.

Keyword explanation:

Chapter: Pattern.

Get together: collect.

Current affairs: managing political affairs.

Qi: Sadness.

Snuff: tears.

Item: Once upon a time.

Yes: this one.

Teeth: age.

An Gan: How dare you.

Stuck: Fall to the ground.

Giotto: harassment.

Yaoyao: You look very cautious.

Eat: hello.

Xixi: Happy.

So: in this matter.

Heir: Inheritance.

Poison: resentment.

One: Wait, there is hope in the text.

Go: towards, towards.

Yang: Extensive competition.

Year: year.

He Ru: How about that?

The author introduces:

Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was a writer, thinker and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ceng Gong, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi) was born in Xie Hexi (now Xiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) and is known as Liuhe East in history. Tang Dezong was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793). In the fourteenth year (798), he passed the course of erudition and macro-speech, and successively served as the official of Jixian Temple, the governor of Lantian County and the censor (that is, the trainee censor). During Yongzhenyuan's reign (805), Wang joined the Innovation Group and became the minister of rites. However, this reform failed in just seven months, and Wang was killed; Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Shaozhou Secretariat and was demoted to Yongzhou Sima on the way. It is not easy for Liu Zongyuan to persist in the position of reform and care about social problems in political difficulties. This historical fact is recorded in Fan Wenlan's A Brief History of China. The original text is as follows:

In 805, the bad king (referring to Tang Dezong) died and Tang Shunzong succeeded to the throne. Tang Shunzong had a stroke, so he couldn't speak. His cronies and Wang advised him, and his courtiers Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and Han Tai helped Wang discuss political affairs. Tang Shunzong succeeded to the throne and ordered the people to forgive all kinds of old debts to the government; Stop the contribution of local officials and the monthly contribution of the Salt and Iron Festival; Reduce the price of Jianghuai sea salt from 370 yuan to 250 yuan, and the price of salt in northern ponds to 300 yuan per barrel; Cancel the palace market; Recall Lu Zhi and the famous remonstrator Yangcheng; Announced that Jing Zhaoyin was convicted of corruption and demoted to Tongzhou's long history. These were all good governance at that time. ..... The eunuchs and other court officials who opposed the Wang joined forces to make the eldest son Chun Li () emperor, and abdicated as the emperor's father. Demote, demote the king Died of illness and Wang was killed. Eight people, including Liu Zongyuan, were regarded as Wang Dang and were demoted to Yuanzhou to be Sima.

Yongzhou, relegated by Liu Zongyuan, was a rather isolated and backward area at that time. Sima is the assistant of the secretariat, with no position but power. Liu Zongyuan lived here for nearly 10 years, and Yuanhe was transferred to Liuzhou secretariat for ten years (8 15). In the secretariat, "teaching was banned because of its local customs" and achieved remarkable results. However, due to long-term depression, his health went from bad to worse, and he finally died in Liuzhou at the age of 47.

Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were both advocates and founders of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. His prose has a wide range of themes, profound contents, vivid images and concise language, which occupies an important position in the history of literature; He also wrote many political and philosophical papers; In poetry creation, he is good at expressing profound ideological content in simple and sparse language. His poetry manuscript was compiled by Liu Yuxi as "Liuhe East Collection".

[Edit this paragraph] Discussion and explanation

Jiang mentioned in his self-report that "since I lived in my hometown for the third time, I am sixty years old today, and my neighbors are frowning on their birthdays." "Sixty-year-old" here refers to the middle period of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (746-750) to the early period of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (805-8 10). During this period, wars were frequent, such as An Shi Rebellion, Tubo War and Zhu Hui Rebellion. The number of registered permanent residence in China has dropped sharply, and the court has added tax officials at will, making excuses and adding new taxes to the old taxes without restriction, which has made the people's burden increase day by day. Although two tax laws were promulgated in the first year of Jianzhong in Tang Dezong (780) (paying taxes twice in summer and autumn, that is, "paying taxes at the age of two" as mentioned in the article), it was expressly stipulated that "in addition to the two taxes, you dare to collect a penny to bend the law", but this is only a means to deceive the people. The fact is as Lu Zhi said: "In history, you paid taxes twice, but now you have paid taxes twice." He also said that when raising taxes, "the decree is called a stopgap measure to stop this matter. "The soldiers rested for a long time, and the tax increase was the same as before." The people fled to other places under the pressure of heavy taxes, but the fierce officials still did not let go. "If there is exile, it will be dispersed (shared by the remaining households), and the heavier it is, the heavier it will be." Judging from these circumstances, Liu Zongyuan's assertion that Fu Lian's poison is a snake is completely correct.

The first paragraph (1) is a suspense set by the author, which paves the way for the following, suggesting that there were things more poisonous than poisonous snakes in the world at that time, which made readers eager to read on. (2) This paragraph focuses on the "difference" of poisonous snakes, which is described from three aspects: one is the difference in color, the other is the difference in toxicity, and the third is the difference in use. Can be used for treating leprosy, limb flexion, cervical swelling and malignant sores, eliminating necrotic muscles, and killing parasites in human body. Therefore, the emperor issued an order to levy taxes twice a year, which can offset the tax payable. Therefore, since then, "people have been arguing for it through the ages." The author only uses the word "run" to show the scene that Yongzhou people are scrambling to catch snakes, taking pains and risking their lives.

The second paragraph is from "people with the Chiang family" to "being calm and daring to poison" Including 2, 3 and 4, is the focus of the whole paper.

"The Different Snake" leads to the protagonist "Snake Catcher"-Jiang. First, write about the "advantages" of three generations of Jiang catching snakes, then write about the "disadvantages" of catching snakes-some of my ancestors, my parents and me are dead, some are dead, then change the word "advantages" into "disadvantages", and then use Jiang's expression "nothing looks like" with only one sentence "a sad-looking person" to outline his memories and heart. Obviously, he was harmed by a poisonous snake, but he said that he enjoyed the benefits of catching snakes alone. In this extremely contradictory situation, his inner bitterness is more obvious.

So the author went on to say "I'm sorry" and said "What if it's toxic?"? I will tell the people present, if it is more service, if it is empowerment? " While mourning Jiang's misfortune, he kindly proposed a way out of danger. These sentences are short and urgent. Moreover, the use of three "ifs" (interpreted as "you") shows that "Yu" is talking face to face with Chiang Kai-shek, and his attitude is sincere and he is eager to help the other side. The method seems feasible.

Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek did not accept it. He said, "It's a pity that Wang Ran cried ..." His attitude was equally sincere, and his tone was also very positive, indicating that the poisonous snake was terrible, but the poison of Fu Lian was even more terrible.

How do you say this? Jiang said these layers of meaning:

The first floor refers to Jiang Jiazu's Sun San generation who lived here for more than 60 years and witnessed the sufferings of the villagers. The life of the neighbors is getting more and more embarrassing every day. They took out all the crops in the field, used up all the income at home and paid enough rent. They will migrate crying, hungry and forced to die on the ground. They were attacked by storms, endured severe cold and heat, breathed poisonous epidemic gas, and often died one by one. The family that once lived with my grandfather is now rare among ten families; Families living with their fathers are now rare to have two or three households in ten households; People who have lived with me for 12 years now rarely have four or five out of ten households. Those families are either dead or have moved away. And I survived by catching snakes alone. "Liu" quoted Lin Xichong's article and calculated a tax account in the Tang Dynasty: "According to records, Li Jifu wrote the Book of National Unification to Xianzong at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Except for the roads in the buffer zone, the tax collectors are three points less than Tianbao, and the soldiers in the world are one point more than Tianbao. Two families provided a large sum of money for a soldier, who was injured by floods and droughts and moved irregularly.

The second meaning is that those brutal officials go to the countryside to ask for rent and taxes, clamoring for harassment everywhere, and even making trouble. At this time, he got up carefully and looked at his crock, only to see that the snake he had caught was still there and he could lie down with peace of mind. He carefully fed the snake and handed it over as tax at the specified time. After you come back; You can enjoy the fruits of your own fields and spend your old age in peace.

The third layer means: in this way, he risked his life twice in a year, and the rest of the time can live happily and peacefully. How can neighbors be threatened with death every day? Even now, he was killed by a snake; He died later than his neighbors. How dare you resent the snake catcher?

Comparing Jiang's remarks with his "catching snakes and living alone" and his neighbor's "moving when he dies", with his "lying down" and his neighbor being harassed by fierce officials, and with his crime of killing two people in one year and his neighbor's "doing something", this shows that the misfortune of catching snakes is indeed "it will be unfortunate if you don't reply to my blessing". It can be seen that he is telling the story of three generations. It's entirely out of true feelings. Jiang's words, from the heart, with blood and tears, how can they not sound heartbreaking?

In the third part of the article, that is, at the end of the paragraph, the author said, "I am even sadder after listening to it", which is even sadder than listening to Jiang talk about the suffering of a family. I thought I had doubts about Confucius' statement that tyranny is fiercer than tigers. Now, judging from Jiang's words, this statement is credible. Who knows that taxes are more harmful to people than poisonous snakes! So I wrote the article "The Snake Catcher said" in order to let people who abide by the folk customs know the disaster brought by heavy taxes to the people.

In the narrative and lyric writing of the full text, this last argument really plays the role of making the finishing point. If Tyranny Than Tiger emphasizes the word "fierce", then this article closely follows the word "poison", not only about snake venom, but also about poisoning. And set the former against the latter. The conclusion is that "poison accumulation" is more than snake venom.

In terms of writing techniques, in addition to the extensive use of contrast and contrast, as well as the theme of the chapter, the description of Jiang's character is also very distinctive. In particular, he didn't want to lose the long story of killing snakes and catching snakes, which contained both specific facts and exact figures. There are both what I have seen and heard and my personal feelings; This moment has both the experience of a generation and the thoughts of a generation; It not only tells the misfortune of his own family, but also tells the sufferings of his neighbors: it not only makes people see a picture of social life under the extortion of the ruler, but also makes people feel that this person's voice, appearance and appearance are in front of them, lifelike and lifelike.

Comparisons are used everywhere in the whole article: the comparison between snake catchers and taxpayers, the comparison between snake catchers and taxpayers, the comparison between snake catchers and non-snake catchers (Jiang and his neighbors)-the comparison between survival and death in the past 60 years, the disturbance I have caused to my hometown and neighbors, the number of death threats I have received in a year, and the fact that I even died after catching snakes. The sharp contrast profoundly reveals the center of "full of poisonous snakes"

Reading through, The Snake Catcher is a masterpiece with rich details, prominent characters, profound insights and sharp writing.

[Edit this paragraph] Express feelings

With its unique writing style (contrast and contrast), Snake Catcher sharply and profoundly reveals the cruelty of taxation and extortion under feudal rule, reveals the sufferings and misfortunes of the broad masses of the people, and shows the author's deep sympathy for the working people and strong resentment against brutal rule. This is the central idea of this paper.

1. Jiang prefers to catch snakes to offset taxes. 2. The collected poison is a snake. (the central idea of the article)

By describing that the three generations of Jiang family would rather risk their lives to catch snakes than suffer tyranny and extortion, the article profoundly exposes the cruelty of feudal society and reflects the author's sympathy for the suffering of working people. 』

[Edit this paragraph] Writing characteristics

1. Highlight the key points with tin foil.

This article writes about the harm of poisonous snakes in order to set off the harm of tyranny. Catching snakes and paying taxes, Jiang's father and father died here, but Jiang was willing to do this job, which made people feel terrible when they saw that "the poison of tax collection is very snake".

2. Use contrast to express the theme.

This paper compares his neighbor's 60-year experience of being forced to "never die or move" because of exorbitant taxes and levies with Jiang's situation of "catching snakes and living alone", and shows that "the poison of tax collection is even snakes"

Multi-angle contrast reveals serious social problems from all levels. For example, The Bitterness of Neighbors is compared to The Joy of Catching Snakes in the River; Neighbors cry and migrate because of taxes, hungry and thirsty, and the dead borrow from each other. The reality of ten rooms and nine empty rooms has nothing to do with ginger catching snakes; Neighbors were harassed by fierce officials because of taxes, and they were in an uproar. As long as there is a snake, Jiang will "eat and drink"; The pain of neighbors is "once there is a Dan" and Jiang's "one-year-old crime makes the dead two" ... These contrasts strongly highlight the theme of the article.

The style of this article is euphemistic and tortuous. When reading, we should pay attention to the twists and turns of words, the writing of symbols and contrasts.

Brief introduction of the author

Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), with a thick word, is called "Liuhe East" in the world, and is also called "Liu Liuzhou" because of his official position. Writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers in the Tang Dynasty were called "Liu Han" together with Han Yu. Liu Yuxi also called it "Liu Liu". Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei also called it "Wang Meng". Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Song Dynasty were eight great masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). Han nationality. He was born in Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) in 773. Advocating the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty with Han Yu.

Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family, with little talent and high aspirations. In his early years, he was a scholar in the exam, and his writings were mainly flowery rhetoric. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and in the fourteenth year, he entered the learned poetry class and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall. He was a lieutenant in Lantian, then became an official in the DPRK, actively participated in the political reform of Wang Group, and was transferred to Danielle as foreign minister. In September of Yongzhenyuan (805), the innovation failed, and the history of Shaozhou fell. In November, Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan) was demoted. During this period, he wrote the famous Eight Chapters of Yongzhou (at the beginning, Travel Notes of the Western Hills Banquet, The Story of Guniujiang, The Story of Guniujiang, The Story of Guniujiang, The Story of Xiaoshitang and The Story of Yuan Jia's Thirst). In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he returned to the capital in the spring and served as the secretariat of Liuzhou (hence the name Liuzhou), with outstanding achievements. Xian Zongyuan died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the 14th year (819165438+1October 28th). He is very friendly. Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are his good friends.

Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, which are argumentative, sharp, sarcastic and spicy, full of fighting, and travel notes are written about mountains and rivers, which are mostly entrusted. Philosophical works include Tian Shuo, Shi Tian and Feudalism. Liu Yuxi preserved and sorted out Liu Zongyuan's works in the Tang Dynasty. There is Liuhe East Collection.