Bronze drum: the frame is made of wood, covered with cowhide and surrounded by rivets. It is about 80 cm high and 70 ~ 90 cm in diameter. There are wooden stands and drumsticks.
Waist drum: the frame is made of wood, long and cylindrical, about feet long, slightly thicker in the middle, with Mengniu skin, and knocked on both sides.
Fishing drum: bamboo tube tied, cowhide masked.
Handle drum: wooden frame, less than one foot high and more than one foot in diameter, covered with cowhide and shaped like a fan, generally used with fine musical instruments.
Flat drum: round, misty cowhide, nailed on the side, empty at the bottom and uncovered, used in opera scenes.
Gong: Also known as "Gong" and "Hook Gong", it is about two feet in diameter, made of copper and has a loud voice.
Xiao Gong: Also known as "Hand Gong", it is made of copper and round.
Bangzi: made of jujube wood, one is quadrangular and the other is cylindrical, about 6 ~ 7 inches long, and the sound of knocking each other is sonorous.
Wooden fish: carved from hard dates or walnuts, it looks like a fish, slightly round, and the sound of knocking with wood is crisp.
Cymbals: made of copper, round, about a city foot in diameter, with a round handle in the middle, which can be seen at a glance. They can be tied with cloth or hemp wool and beat each other into sound.
Xiao: made of purple bamboo, perforated by sound, played with mouth and lips, and pressed into tones by fingers.
Flute: playing bamboo flute horizontally with seven tones.
Sheng: Made of bamboo tubes and reeds with different lengths, it has a mellow tone and a unique sound system.
Suona: Also known as "trumpet" and "Qiuci Music". In ancient times, this kind of music spread from Kucha in the western regions to the mainland folk, hence the name. Generally, the sound port is a copper horn, with a bamboo or wooden sound hole in the back section. The so-called "Mimi" (commonly known as mouth) is attached to the air inlet of the playing to determine the pitch. There are many kinds of suona with different sizes, which are used in China traditional operas and folk weddings, funerals and festive occasions.
Sanxian: also known as "black boy" and "tense". The "handle" of the string holding part is longer, about two square feet or more, and it is pronounced after the string is played. The pronunciation part is a small handle drum made of snake skin and python skin, which has three strings and three ranges, so it is also called "three black boys" and is often used in folk music, dance and opera.
Banhu: Also known as "Huqin", it was first introduced to the mainland from the western regions and western Gansu, hence the name. Huqin has a handle with "ears", which is specially used to hang silk strings, which can be twisted and deformed. There are whiskers under it, mostly cut with betel nut shells and glued with thin sheets to make the silk strings sound; Bow the string with ponytail, embed it in the string, burn rosin to help astringent, pull the silk string, pronounce it clearly and loudly, and press out various tones with other fingers except the thumb.
Erhu: It is the same as Banhu, except that the part of the Hu body is wrapped in snake skin or python skin, and the silk strings are pulled by ponytails, giving off a relatively rich and pleasant tone.
Bamboo boards: There are many kinds, such as two boards made of bamboo, which can make a good sound by knocking each other or knocking up and down; Four tiles, four bamboo boards, the smaller one, you can take two pairs in one hand and shake them into sound; There is another kind, small bamboo boards are connected in a string, about 4-6 pages. One is holding a bamboo string, and the other is holding a bamboo saw-shaped lath. While shaking, it plays the sound of "beep, beep-karaoke" to cooperate with folk dance and rap.
In addition, there are pipa, dulcimer, trumpet, dish, bowl and other musical instruments; The second string (two thin leather tendons) should be pulled on the finger with an iron sleeve. It's more laborious for rabbis to play the harpsichord with bowstring, and it will make a "creaking" sound. When it is integrated into music, the timbre is simple and powerful, and it has a unique flavor. This kind of instrument is gradually abandoned because it cannot be used by people with poor skills.
The common tunes and performance forms of folk music are as follows: Eight Immortals Drum (Banban) is widely circulated, and it is called "Yang He Gong and Drum" near Xi 'an, which is a kind of folk percussion music; Popular in the area of Yanghe Village, Anzhu Town, Xi 'an, it has been rising since the temple fair in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was widely beaten by the masses. With the cooperation of various musical instruments, music such as Dragon Tiger Head, Two Dragons Playing Beads, Monks Clapping Bells, Qujiang Liu Yin can be played. Its timbre is sonorous, intense, delicate and lingering, and most people have the reputation of "Yue Xian Xiangu". Two kinds of drums are popular in Tongchuan, namely "Eight Immortals Board" and "Eight Arrays Drum":
Eight immortals board: it was first performed by eight women, and later evolved into a performance by four men and four women. Performers wear ancient costumes, eight people represent one of the "Eight Immortals" in myths and legends, and each person wears a small object that can represent identity to represent a fairy; Props are simple wooden boards, one for each person, made of mulberry wood, five to six feet long, four pages in pairs, two big and two small, similar to the "teeth" in literature and music. When dancing, they are accompanied by hinges and hairpins, and they beat time while jumping. The formation includes Swallow Team, Dan Tao, Dangwuhua, Mountain-to-Mountain, Mop and Lohan Basement. Swallows and Dan Tao mutually assured destruction.
Eight arrays of drums: According to Tongchuan folk artists, it evolved from Zhuge Liang's Eight Arrays. The first performance was monotonous, but it was improved by Liu Laohan (anonymous), a folk artist of the first four generations in Liu Jiabao, and it was unique and overwhelming in Tongchuan, and has been passed down to this day. Today's "Eight Drum Array" has ten performers (four women and six men), one of whom is dressed as a military commander, holding a seven-or eight-foot-long pole with a small flag at the top, representing Lu Xun, the governor of Soochow, in the center of the scene, playing a commanding role; Another old man dressed up, dressed in cassock, with a "side (flat) drum" hanging on his chest. On the periphery of the performer, he represented Zhuge Liang's father-in-law, Huang, and constantly pointed out the way out for Lu Xun, who was surrounded by battle. The other four men and four women, dressed as samurai, put flags on their backs, hung drums on their chests and knocked while performing. In the previous performance of "Eight Drums", eight people were divided into two roads, with Lu Xun in the middle of the two roads, which could be interspersed before and after; Those who pretend to be Huang are just outside the two teams, but they can be interspersed around. All the performers performed with the steps of yangko. There are also "four flowers" (inside and outside), "twisting the door" and "flocking" (face to face, back to back). The score of "eight drums" is different from it. It has a set of martial arts and thick and thin play, and its artistic sound is a must in Tongchuan. Yulin ditty used to be a sit-down track, which was based on the southern songs brought by foreign officials when they were guarding the border in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a unique music that is integrated with local folk songs. Usually one person sings solo, sometimes men and women sing in groups or groups. From 65438 to 0982, as a local folk song, Yulin Xiaoqu entered the province and performed with Song Yulin and Dance Troupe in Beijing, which was highly praised by people at home and abroad. Nine, often home suona
Suona, popular in Changjia Village, Zhidan County, northern Shaanxi Province, was named "Official Blow" in the early Qing Dynasty. Its tone is high and exciting, with more than 230 tunes, which is unique in China. 1In March, 955, suona performers often participated in the second Quyi Performance in Shaanxi Province and won the first prize. Chang, Chang and Chang Xingmin's suona recordings spread to Australia, and were deeply appreciated by international friends.