Zhu Yuanzhang (in office 1368- 1398) was born on September 18th, the first year of Tianshun in Yuan Dynasty (Gregorian calendar 1328 10 October 2 1), ranking fourth. Father Zhu (later changed to Shizhen) and mother Chen. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1328), Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a poor peasant family in Fengyang County, Anhui Province. Zhu Yuanzhang was originally named Chongba, and later changed to Xingzong. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed Deyu after participating in the peasant uprising, and finally changed its name to Yuan Zhang. Native place: Zhu Yuanzhang, a native of Jurong, Jiangsu Province, was poor since childhood. His parents and brothers died of hunger and were helpless. He became a monk in Huang Jue Temple and worked as a cleaner, storekeeper and oiler. Less than two months after entering the temple, due to the difficulty in renting the temple in the famine year, the temple owner sealed the warehouse and dismissed the monks, so Zhu Yuanzhang had to leave his hometown and become a monk. He joined the rebel army because of a letter from his friend Tang He. Under the command of Guo Zixing, he led his troops to fight, and he would certainly attack. At the age of 25, he joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing to resist the tyranny of Mongolian Yuan. After Guo's death, he commanded Guo Department and served as deputy marshal left. And then promoted with the meritorious military service. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), the generals appointed Zhu Yuanzhang as the Duke of Wu. In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), Wu became king. Twenty-seven years (1367) in April, the prince of Wu and Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Xu Da, the right prime minister, as the general, and Chang Yuchun, the deputy general, with an army of 250,000, went north to the Central Plains. During the Northern Expedition, a proclamation was issued to the northern officials and people, and the program of "expelling Land Rover, restoring China, and establishing discipline to help the Sri Lankan people" was put forward, so as to inspire the northern people to rise up against the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang followed the trend of the times and made careful arrangements for the Northern Expedition with his extraordinary talent and foresight. He proposed to take Shandong first and remove the barriers of the Yuan Dynasty. Entering Henan, cutting off its wings, seizing Tongguan, occupying its threshold; Then most troops entered. At this time, the Yuan Dynasty was helpless and took it without fighting. Sending troops to the west, Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and Gansu can all be swept down. The Northern Expeditionary Army left as planned. Xu Da led the troops to take Shandong first, then to the west, captured the capital of song dynasty, and then sent to Li Guanjin. Zhu Yuanzhang went to the capital of song dynasty to take command. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), he proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, with the title Daming and the year Hongwu. In July of the first year of Hongwu (1368), armies from all walks of life went straight to Tianjin along the canal and occupied Tongzhou on the 27th. In due course, Huan posted that Moore led the empresses and princes, opened Jiandemen to escape from Dadu, and fled to Shangdu through Juyongguan. On August 2, the Ming army entered Dadu and the Yuan Dynasty ended. Mongolian rule in China ended, and the Ming Dynasty gained the right to rule within the Great Wall. In the thirty-first year of Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he overthrew the tyranny of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and established a unified feudal regime-the Ming Dynasty. During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, in order to alleviate the sharp and complicated class contradictions, ethnic contradictions and contradictions among various groups within the ruling class, he implemented a series of policies conducive to social progress, such as resisting foreign invasion, innovating politics, developing production and stabilizing people's livelihood, and vigorously strengthened the centralized rule of absolute monarchy in politics, economy, military and ideology. In line with this, in terms of legal thought, I think that "I will kill China" in view of all kinds of disadvantages caused by lax law and discipline at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty, and his education was not high, but he was diligent and studious. Later, he became a wise emperor and a great politician in the history of China. There are many folklore about him, so he is also a legendary emperor. [1][2][3][4][5][ Edit this paragraph] The secret of success is 1, which attracts celebrities all over the world. Such as: Liu Ji, Zhang Yi, Song Lian, Feng, etc. 2. Observe the "nine-character policy". The "nine-character policy" means: build a high wall, accumulate a wide grain, and call yourself king slowly. This policy was put forward by Zhu Sheng, the founding hero. 3. Build an "iron army". 4. Fight key battles. For example, the battle of Poyang Lake in Chen Youliang was called Hanwang in Wuchang. [Edit this paragraph] Governing the country 1, developing production, enriching the people 2, saving expenses, saving people's strength 3, saving labor, lightening the burden 4, publicizing and educating, strengthening the rule of law 5, cracking down on corrupt officials and managing honest officials [Edit this paragraph] Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a poor peasant family, so he was born at the bottom of China society. He is the only founding king of the dynasty with this background. He was born on June +2654381October +0 in Zhongli Village, Bozhou County (now Fengyang County, central Anhui Province, just southeast of Bengbu, an important railway junction and industrial city), and his childhood was very difficult. His parents and grandparents are delinquent teenagers, hiding debts everywhere in the Huaihe River basin, trying to find a place to be a tenant farmer, so that they can live a well-fed life in this land ravaged by drought and epidemic. He is the youngest of his parents' four surviving sons and two daughters. Except for the oldest child, all the other children were abandoned or married because the family could not support them. By the 1930s of 14, the Huaihe River region had become the cradle of the Red Scarf Army rebellion, and its Messiah doctrine attracted more and more people's support. People believe that in this darkest and loneliest moment, there will be a change, the light of Zoroastrianism will reappear, and Maitreya will rule the world from the western paradise, which will make people's fate change dramatically in a utopian way. The young Zhu Yuanzhang's grandfather was a fortune teller and a veteran who fought against the Han army in the last stage of the Mongolian conquest in the 1970s. He filled the boy's ears with wonderful stories of magical events and advanced adventures. These are the environments in which Zhu Yuanzhang grew up as a child. 1344, when Zhu Yuanzhang 16 years old, during the three weeks of May and June, with the outbreak of summer locust and drought, most members of his family were killed-his father, mother and married eldest brother who still lived at home. His eldest sister-in-law, youngest son and another divorced brother are the only survivors besides him. Those who survived were too poor to bury their dead relatives properly, let alone support Zhu Yuanzhang. 10 At the end of June, he was sent to a nearby Buddhist temple as a boy and a handyman to fulfill his father's wish when his child was ill. At the same time, he also grew up and became a tall and strong young man. His distinctive feature is that his face is covered with wrinkles and pockmarks, and his chin is prominent. This strange appearance is daunting and seems to indicate the extraordinary quality of the future. There is no doubt that he has these qualities, but he rose from a poor and uneducated peasant family, then ascended the throne of the emperor and became the founding king of a new great dynasty. This story is a bit as unreal as a novel. [Edit this paragraph] During the Yuan Dynasty, the people were divided into four classes, and the southerners under the rule of Han people and Mongolia were untouchables. Killing a Mongolian is fined 820 silver, and killing a Han Chinese is fined the price of a donkey. Han people can't even have surnames, they can only use the name of date of birth, they can't own weapons, and only several families can share a kitchen knife. Excessive taxes and levies, coupled with constant famine, the vast number of Han people are struggling on the verge of death. 1343, there was a drought in Haozhou. Unexpectedly, there was a serious locust plague the next spring, and the crops were eaten clean by locusts. It never rains but it pours, and then the plague happened. At that time, every household died, and a village died a dozen or even dozens of people a day. Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang's family was also infected with the plague. In less than half a month, his 64-year-old father, eldest brother and mother Chen passed away one after another. Zhu Yuanzhang and his second brother watched their relatives die one by one, and they had no money to buy coffins at home, and there was not even a place to bury their relatives. Alas, Zhu Shizhen has worked hard all his life. He has no place to live and no place to die. Zhu Yuanzhang and his second brother cried bitterly and alarmed their neighbor Liu Jizu, so their stepfather gave them a cemetery. The two brothers finally found some rags to wrap the body and buried their parents on the land of the Liu family. Thirty-five years later, Zhu Yuanzhang recalled this incident, and it was still difficult to restrain his grief. He wrote in "Tombstone": "There is no coffin in the funeral, and the body is ugly, and the ground is three feet. What food is there!" In less than half a month, the harmonious and warm home of the past no longer exists, and the love of parents is gone forever. The pain of bereavement deeply affected Zhu Yuanzhang's mental state, making him seem to have fallen into a bottomless abyss. At this time, in order to survive, Zhu Yuanzhang and his second brother, sister-in-law and nephew were forced to split up and flee. Zhu Yuanzhang was really desperate. He thought of the Huang Jue Temple where he made a wish to give his life as a child, so he went to the monk Gao Bin, where he was shaved and became a boy. He sweeps the floor, burns incense, rings bells and drums, cooks and washes clothes in the temple every day. He is busy all day and is sometimes scolded by the old monk. As time went on, Zhu Yuanzhang suppressed his anger. One day, when he was sweeping the floor, he tripped over Galand's seat and hit Galand's broom. On another occasion, the old monk saw that the candle in the hall was bitten by a mouse and reprimanded Zhu Yuanzhang in public. Zhu Yuanzhang thought, Galand can't even control what is in front of him. How can he manage the palace? To make matters worse, I was scolded, and the more I thought about it, the more angry I became. So, Zhu Yuanzhang found a pen and wrote the words "send three thousand miles" behind Guanlan God. All these show that Zhu Yuanzhang is unwilling to be oppressed. However, soon after Zhu Yuanzhang became a boy, the monks in the temple did not have enough food and there were no charities in the temple. Therefore, the master Gao Bin had to break the porridge and let the monks go to alms. In this way, Zhu Yuanzhang was just a 50-day-old boy. He couldn't recite scriptures or do Buddhism, so he had no choice but to dress up as a monk and leave the temple to wander. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang was 17 years old. Zhu Yuanzhang begged as he walked. He was told that he would go anywhere as long as the years were good. He went south from Haozhou to Hefei, then turned west into Henan, arrived in Gushi and Xinyang, went north to Ruzhou and Chen Zhou, and returned to Huang Jue Temple at 1347. During the three years of wandering, he traveled all over the famous cities in the west of Huai River, got in touch with the local customs, saw the world, broadened his horizons and accumulated social life experience. Hard vagrancy made Zhu Yuanzhang resolute and brave, but it also made him cruel and suspicious. This period of life had a profound impact on Zhu Yuanzhang's life. Zhu Yuanzhang's three years abroad was also a period of surging peasant uprisings at the end of Yuan Dynasty. There is a saying in the society that "when Wang Ming was born, all beings were blessed", and Anbaili religion in the north is also carrying out the same propaganda. Zhu Yuanzhang was also exposed to such propaganda when he was wandering. He witnessed the deterioration of people's lives and realized that chaos would come soon. So after Zhu Yuanzhang returned to the ancestral temple, he worked hard, made friends and prepared to do something. 135 1 year, Han He led an uprising in Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and elected Han as the Ming king. In August of the same year, Peng Yingyu and Xu Shouhui revolted in Qishui (now Xishui, Hubei). These insurgents wrapped their heads in red scarves, so they were called the Red Scarf Army. 1352, Guo Zixing and Sun Deya revolted in Haozhou. When Zhu Yuanzhang heard the news of the uprising, he couldn't help thinking that if he had been in the temple, he might be taken away by Yuan's cronies at any time, and his life would be in jeopardy. At this moment, Zhu Yuanzhang received a letter from his childhood partner Tang He, in which Tang He invited Zhu Yuanzhang to join the uprising army in Guo Zixing. Just then, Zhu Yuanzhang's younger brother secretly told him that someone knew the letter and was going to tell on it. So Zhu Yuanzhang put down his job and went to the Red Scarf Army in Guo Zixing. This year, Zhu Yuanzhang was 25 years old. [Edit this paragraph] After General Zhu Yuanzhang joined the army, he was quickly appreciated by Guo Zixing because of his bravery, wit and fluency in writing and ink. So Guo Zixing transferred Zhu Yuanzhang to Shuaifu and appointed him as the nine viceroy of Qin Bing. Zhu Yuanzhang was clever and capable, and took the lead in the war. All the spoils he got were given to Marshal Guo Zixing, and he was rewarded. He said that the credit belongs to everyone, so he gave the reward to everyone. Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang's good reputation spread in the army. Guo Zixing also regarded him as a confidant and often discussed important matters with Zhu Yuanzhang. At that time, Guo Zixing had an adopted daughter, the daughter of his close friend Ma Gong. After Ma Gong died, his youngest daughter was adopted by Guo Zixing. At this time, Guo Zixing saw that Zhu Yuanzhang was a talented person, which was of great help to his career. So he married Ma Shi, a 2 1 year-old adopted daughter, to Zhu Yuanzhang and changed her name to Zhu Gongzi in the army. With identity, you can no longer use the previous nickname to emphasize eight, so you have another official name, Bird, with the word Guo Rui. At that time, in Haozhou, there were five marshals in the Red Scarf Army. There are many contradictions between Guo Zixing School, Sun Deya and three other marshal schools. In September this year, Sesame Li, commander-in-chief of Xuzhou Red Scarf Army, was killed by Yuan Army. Peng Da and Zhao Junyong led the troops to Haozhou. Peng Da became friends with Guo Zixing, while Sun Deya and others showed kindness to Zhao Junyong. Egged on by Sun Deya, Zhao Junyong kidnapped Guo Zixing and beat Guo Zixing to the bamboo slips, preparing to assassinate Guo Zixing. With the support of Peng Da, Zhu Yuanzhang led his army to save Guo Zixing. Since then, the two factions have become even more deadly. Zhu Yuanzhang saw that the generals in Haozhou were fighting for power and profit, and there were many contradictions. He is determined to create a new situation on his own. In the 15th year of Zheng Zhi (AD 1355), Zhu Yuanzhang returned to his hometown to recruit soldiers. His boyhood friends Xu Da, Zhou Dexing and Guo Ying, as well as acquaintances in the same village and neighboring villages, heard that Zhu Yuanzhang had become the leader of the Red Scarf Army, and they all came to defect. So Zhu Yuanzhang quickly recruited more than 700 people and returned to Haozhou. Guo Zixing was very happy, so he promoted Zhu Yuanzhang to be the comforter of the town. This winter, Peng Gan, his son, called himself King Lu Huai and King Yong Yi, and he was still a marshal. Zhu Yuanzhang saw that these people had not been in Haozhou for half a year, so he chose 24 confidants, including Xu Da and Tanghe, from his own recruits to leave Haozhou and stay in the south. On the way to Dingyuan in the south, Zhu Yuanzhang first recruited 3000 militiamen from Donkey Village in Zhangjiabao, and then recruited 800 people with clear noses and eyes. Command this team, Zhu Yuanzhang eastward, night break Dingyuan Hengduan mountain yuan army camp, marshal Miao tycoon surrendered. Zhu Yuanzhang selected 20,000 able-bodied Han people from the army to join his own team and went south to Chuzhou (now Chuzhou City, Anhui Province). Li Shanchang, a celebrity in Dingyuan, is on his way to the south of Chuzhou, and asks for an audience at Yunmen. Li Shanchang and Zhu Yuanzhang hit it off at first sight, and Li Shanchang took Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, as an example to persuade Zhu Yuanzhang that as long as he followed Liu Bang's example, he would repay kindness and not kill people indiscriminately, he would soon be able to pacify the world. Zhu Yuanzhang thought it was very reasonable, so he left Li Shanchang as the shogunate minister and charged Li Shanchang to coordinate the relationship between generals to achieve great things. Zhu Yuanzhang quickly occupied Chuzhou, and his nephew Zheng Wen and his brother-in-law Li Zhen came to take refuge in his nephew Bauer (later named Wenzhong). From their mouth, Zhu Yuanzhang learned sadly that his second brother, third brother and third sister were all dead. At that time, there was an orphan Mu Ying in Dingyuan, who was very poor. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang took these three children as adopted sons and changed their surnames to Zhu. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted more than 20 semes. When Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Chuzhou, Guo Zixing was excluded by Zhao Junyong, Sun Deya and others. Therefore, not long after Zhu Yuanzhang captured Chuzhou, Guo Zixing also came to Chuzhou. Zhu Yuanzhang immediately handed over the relieving, and the team of thirty thousand people was disciplined and clean. Guo Zixing was very happy to see it. 1353, Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Hu Dahai, a native of Hongxian County (now Sixian County, Anhui Province) as the vanguard, and conquered Hezhou in one fell swoop. News came that Guo Zixing immediately appointed Zhu Yuanzhang as the company commander, guarding Yuzhou. On one occasion, Zhu Yuanzhang went out and saw a child crying. Zhu Yuanzhang asked him why he was crying and replied that he was waiting for his father. After careful inquiry, Zhu Yuanzhang learned that the child's father and mother were both in the military camp, and the father raised horses in the military camp. Mother and father dare not recognize each other, so they have to call each other brothers. Zhu Yuanzhang realized that there were problems in the military discipline. After they breached the city, they disturbed the people and robbed women. If this situation continues, the army will lose the hearts of the people. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned generals, affirmed discipline, ordered married women in the army to return to the army and reunited many separated couples in the city. This matter was widely circulated and Zhu Yuanzhang won the hearts of the people. In March of this year, he died of illness, and Guo Tianxu, his son, was appointed as the viceroy, his brother-in-law as the deputy viceroy, and Zhu Yuanzhang as the deputy viceroy. Nominally, Marshal Du is the head of the army, and the position of the right deputy marshal is higher than that of the left deputy marshal. But most of the troops in Chuzhou and Hezhou were recruited by Zhu Yuanzhang, and Zhu Yuanzhang was more courageous and talented than Guo Tianxu and Zhang Tianyou. So Zhu Yuanzhang actually became the coach of this team.