Milan site is located 3 kilometers east of Milan farm regimental headquarters and more than 80 kilometers east of Ruoqiang county. It is a huge site community composed of 8 pagodas, 3 Buddhist temples, water conservancy facilities in Hantuntian and the ruins of Tubo ancient house fort in Tang Dynasty. It is the site of Yixun City, a famous western ancient city in Shanshan. In the center of the Han Dynasty wasteland site, there is an ancient Tubuti Castle, and there is a pavilion in the southeast corner of the castle. You can see the scenery of the wasteland area from the stage. In the southeast, there are 10-20 meters wide and 37 kilometers long aqueduct, and there are 16 settlement communities and an ironmaking furnace site. The main canal draws water from Milan River, and there are seven branch canals along the line. The irrigation area is about 45,000 mu by means of two-way irrigation and centralized water distribution. The canal layout is tight and the water head is well controlled, which is rare in ancient irrigation areas discovered so far. Today, the land in the irrigation area is covered with 10 cm gravel, and below it is a fertile loess layer with traces of farming in that year. Among the three Buddhist temples, a mural of "long-winged angel" was unearthed at the site named "Milan Xiwei Temple". Today, pagodas and Buddhist temples have been seriously damaged. The ruins of an ancient castle in the Tang Dynasty, facing Milan River in the south. It is an irregular square with a width of 56 meters from north to south and a length of 70 meters from east to west. There are towers in the four corners and doors in the west. The middle of the fort is low and the north is a stepped slope. Houses are built from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope in turn. The house is flat-topped, the lower part is dug in the soil, and the upper part is adobe. A large number of Tibetan wooden slips, Tibetan documents and Tang Dynasty pottery pieces have been unearthed. Milan site was declared as an autonomous regional cultural relics protection unit in 1984, and as a national cultural relics protection unit in 200 1 year, with a protection area of 44.49 square kilometers.
Milan site is an important well-preserved Han and Tang ruins in Xinjiang. At present, there are 15 cultural relics found here (including 1 fort, 8 pagodas, 3 Buddhist temples, 2 beacon towers and 1 irrigation and water conservancy channels). In addition, there are houses, kiln sites and smelters. The surface is littered with pottery fragments, gravel mills, trinkets, ironware and other relics. According to the existing archaeological data and related documents, Milan's cultural relics can be divided into two stages. The early stage is about the remains of the 3rd-4th century A.D., and the late stage is left over by the infiltration of Tubo forces into the western regions during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it was not until the 9th century that they were gradually abandoned.
(1), the early ruins of Milan
The early cultural relics in Milan can be divided into two categories: one is the cultural relics reflecting the Buddhist activities at that time (namely pagodas and Buddhist temples), and the other is the cultural relics reflecting the production activities (namely irrigation canals).
Eight pagodas in Milan are distributed around Milan Fort, five of which are about 1.8km southwest of Milan Fort, with a distance of tens to hundreds of meters. There are two pagodas about 300 meters south of Bao Xu, and the other one is about 2 kilometers north of Bao Xudong. The construction methods of stupa are divided into adobe masonry and rammed soil piling. The height of the pagoda is about 3 ~ 6 meters, the base is about 4 ~ 10 meters, and the top of the pagoda is arched, mostly broken.
A number of precious cultural relics have been unearthed around Milan stupa and Buddhist temple. 1906, the British explorer Stan stole many precious cultural relics here, such as exquisite Buddha's head and Brahman's paper. Especially the mural of "winged flying statue" stolen from the outer wall of a pagoda (Stan M3) cloister. During the period of 1989, the archaeological team of Wang Binghua and others from Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology was in Milan Buddhist Temple (NoM2). The discovery of these cultural relics provides valuable information for the study of ancient ethnic religions and painting art in the western regions.
Milan irrigation canal is located in the above-mentioned site area and consists of one main canal, seven branch canals, several bucket canals and Mao canals. The irrigation area is fan-shaped, about 6 kilometers long from east to west and 5 kilometers long from north to south. According to experts' research, the irrigation channels in Milan were roughly in the Han and Tang dynasties (that is, they started in the early stage and continued to be used in the later stage). At present, many experts in academic circles believe that Milan is the city of Yi Xun in Han Dynasty. Experts believe that the discovery of irrigation channels in Milan proves that it is a wasteland production area, and its age and location are consistent with the literature records. Therefore, combined with the study of rich cultural relics in this area, they think that Milan is the city of Yixun in Shanshan in Han Dynasty and the political and cultural center of Shanshan country. It is an important point on the "Silk Road" south road starting from Dunhuang, leading to Loulan along Shule River and heading west along the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain.
(2) Late Milan relics
The cultural relics in Milan's later period mainly include beacon tower relics and Xubao relics. According to "The Book of the New and Old Tang Dynasty _ Biography of Tubo", in the early Tang Dynasty, this area was originally inhabited by tribes in Gu Hun. In 638 AD, Tubo Zampa gave up Zongnong Zampa, sent troops to attack Gu Hun, and Gu Hun fled to northern Qinghai, so this area was ruled by Tubo forces. From the analysis of architectural structure, city layout and unearthed cultural relics, Fengjie and Bao Xu relics are the relics of Tibetan occupation.
In the ruins of houses in the city, more than 300 pieces of Tibetan wooden slips and documents have been cleared up, which are a group of precious materials related to the Tubo people's economy such as planting wheat, distributing fields, silk clothing and so on. In addition, weapons, patent leather nails, fabrics and tools, as well as production and living utensils made of wood, pottery and stones were unearthed, which reflected the social development at that time from all aspects of social life. Two beacon towers in Milan have collapsed, one is about 1.8km southwest of Bao Xu, and the other is about 2.5km north of Bao Xudong, both of which are adobe and square, with small residential areas nearby. The two beacon towers are far away from the fortress, forming defensive facilities and guarding the traffic lines. In addition to the above two important sites, there are also Tibetan kiln sites, smelting sites and tombs. Unearthed cultural relics are of the same type and style as the fort and belong to the same period.
(3) Basic information of cultural relics protection in Milan.
Since 1984, Ruoqiang County has set up a cultural relics protection management station in Milan cultural relics site, sent special personnel to guard the site, set up cultural relics protection signs, and delineated the scope of protection. In the 1980s and 1990s, experts and scholars from Chinese Academy of Sciences, autonomous regions and other places made investigations and preliminary studies on Milan's relics, which laid a good foundation for the protection, research and opening up of Milan's cultural relics. Milan's cultural relics have not been officially opened to the public. After Milan cultural relics were announced as national cultural relics protection units, Ruoqiang County has planned to build a protection wall here. When conditions permit, experts will be invited to carry out necessary surface cleaning and maintenance of cultural relics.
(4) Milan River (Zimu River)
Milan River is located in the east of Milan, which originates from the Kuosh area in the hinterland of Altun Mountain. Its source can be traced back to the Karachoka River connected with Milan River, and reaches the perennial snow belt of Karachoka Mountain above 5000 meters above sea level. Milan River is110km long, and flows into Tunimukuduo Spring through Wuzundashe and Yitake Aiken12km long. It is a perennial river with an annual flow of1240,000 cubic meters. It is named after flowing through Milan Oasis, and it is also the legendary Zimu River.
Lop Nur Town: The administrative area of Lop Nur Town is located in Lop Nur area in the northeast of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, bordering Yuli County in the northwest and Hami and Shanshan in the north, with an area of about 52,000 square kilometers. The town government is located at 40 degrees north latitude and 90 degrees east longitude. Now it has become the largest town in Xinjiang and the first strange town in China. Officially listed at 8:40 am on February 27th, 2006. Lop Nur is located in the northeast of Taklimakan Desert, in the center of Eurasia and in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The map of the Qing dynasty is this time.