Anne boleyn used to be the maid of Catherine, Queen of Henry VIII, but they had an affair in the dark. In order to marry Anne, Henry VIII launched the Reformation, which changed the history of England forever. Anne boleyn secretly married Henry VIII in June of 1533 and June of 1, and was declared his lawful wife in May. Three months later, Henry VIII's enthusiasm for her faded, and it was not until1the birth of Elizabeth I in September 533 that it was slightly relieved. However, when anne boleyn had an abortion in 1536+ 10, the relationship between them became worse. 1536 On May 2, anne boleyn was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London; /kloc-beheaded for adultery in May of 0/9.
Anne boleyn's date and place of birth are uncertain. Anne was born in 150 1 or 1502, and she was born in 1507. The birthplace may be Blickling Hall, a family mansion in Norfolk, and Hever Castle, a family fief in Kent.
Anne boleyn's father is Thomas Boleyn, and his mother Elizabeth Howard Boleyn is the daughter of Thomas Howard, the second generation Duke of Norfolk, and the sister of the third generation Duke of Norfolk.
Anne boleyn's sister mary boleyn was Henry VIII's mistress. Another brother, George Bolin, was born around 1504.
Anne's cousin catherine howard, the fifth queen of Henry VIII, was also executed.
As a diplomat of Henry VIII, Anne's father won many admirers in Europe, including Margaret Of Austria, the countess in charge of the Netherlands, and invited Anne to accompany her in the Dutch court. Generally speaking, girls can only get this honor when they are twelve years old, but Anne is likely to be younger. The Grand Duchess liked Anne very much and told Sir Thomas Boleyn, "Considering her age, she is so well-behaved and lovely. I appreciate you giving her to me. She is even better than you. "
15 14 Henry VIII married his sister Mary Dodd to King Louis XII of France of France, and Anne's father arranged for her to go to France as the bride's escort. In France, she is the stepdaughter of Marie Dodd, one of the favorite waitresses of Queen Claude of France. During this period, Anne was influenced by French upper-class civilized society, learning French culture and etiquette, dressing, music, dancing, knitting and sewing; I also studied genealogy, arithmetic, reading, writing, history and social interaction. Annie is good at needlework and embroidery, cooking, housework and singing and dancing, as well as playing cards, playing chess, betting on dice, riding horses, hunting, archery and falconry. Therefore, Anne is very cultured, artistic, proficient in many languages, and dressed in fashion, which has won the way of the French court. She also acted as an interpreter when British nobles visited the French court.
Anne boleyn's father called her back to China in the winter of 152 1, and she set off for England in June of 1522.
Anne boleyn returned to England to marry her Irish cousin James Butler, and at the same time solved the controversial issue of the Earl of Aumund's inheritance. Sir Butler and Thomas Boleyn, son of the eldest daughter of the former Lord, both claimed the territory to him. Terrible controversy is likely to ignite the spark of Irish civil war. So Henry VIII tried to solve this problem by arranging the marriage between James Butler and anne boleyn. The plan ended in failure, perhaps because Thomas Boleyn hoped to arrange a more favorable marriage for his daughter.
Anne boleyn entered the palace and became the maid of Queen Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII. She showed her charm at the masquerade ball on March 4th 1522, and became an elegant, intelligent and affectionate woman recognized by the court social circle. She has many male admirers. She accepted the pursuit of Henry Percy, the son of the Earl of northumberland, but in 1523, the Earl of northumberland refused to let her son get engaged to Anne, and this relationship was interrupted. The poet Thomas Witt fell madly in love with her and kept writing poems to her.
From 65438 to 0525, Henry VIII fell in love with anne boleyn and pursued her. Anne refused Henry VIII's pursuit because of her sister Mary (mary boleyn, 15 19 returned to England from France, 1520 became Henry VIII's mistress), and even left the court and returned to Kent (but some people thought that anne boleyn was playing hard to get and pretended to refuse). Henry VIII not only did not reduce his interest in her, but also loved Anne more. Annie entered the palace again on 1526. Although she accepted Henry VIII's pursuit on 1527, she still insisted on not sleeping with him to avoid giving birth to an illegitimate child. She insisted that she would never accept Henry VIII's frivolous courtship unless she wore a crown.
At the beginning of this relationship, anne boleyn kept a low profile. In order to please Anne, Henry VIII surrounded her with wealth, a lot of jewels, clothes and various luxurious gifts, and wrote at least 17 love letters to her between 1527 and 1528. Faced with precious jewels and passionate love letters, Anne showed unusual calmness and pointedly rejected Henry again and again. But Anne's ambition gradually expanded and she planned to sit on the queen's throne.
Catherine of Aragon, the first queen of Henry VIII, never gave birth to the male heir of Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII thought that young and beautiful Anne would give birth to a son for him. In order to marry Anne, Henry VIII and his ministers submitted an application to the Vatican on 1527, demanding that his marriage with Queen Catherine be annulled.
Despite the pressure from yekaterina's nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Pope Kemian VII refused to approve the application for this invalid marriage for six consecutive years. But in 153 1 year, Henry VIII expelled Queen Catherine from the court and Anne lived in the queen's room. By this time, Anne had become the de facto queen, but the British people hated her and sympathized with Queen Catherine.
Even before her marriage, anne boleyn was able to handle * * *, diplomatic letters, give preferential conditions and so on. Even because of her ability, Anne is more influential in diplomacy than her future husband. French Ambassador 1529 and Milan Ambassador 153 1 confirmed this view. Anne made good friends with the French ambassador to Britain, and she successfully won the alliance between France and Britain, which had a great influence on Britain's international status at that time. Due to Anne's facilitation, Britain and France held a meeting in Calais, northern France in the winter of 1532, and France turned to support Henry VIII's second marriage. On September 1 day of the same year, Anne was crowned the Marquise of pembroke. Anne's family also benefited from this relationship. Her father, Thomas Boleyn, formerly Viscount Rockford, was promoted to Earl of Wiltshire. Annie's widowed sister Mary, can you receive it? With an annuity of 100, Henry Carey, the son of Mary, was educated in the famous Cistercian monastery. 1532 After the death of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, the priest of the Bolin family, succeeded him.
Shortly after returning from France, Henry and Anne held a secret wedding on June 1532+065438+ 10/4, 2004. Annie is pregnant soon. In order to legalize the first wedding that was considered illegal at that time, they held the second wedding in London on1October 25th. On May 23rd, Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, declared the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine invalid, and on May 28th, declared the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne completely legal. /kloc-in June, 2000, anne boleyn was officially crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, and then she settled down in the palace to give birth. At this time, Henry VIII's enthusiasm for Anne gradually faded, and the two men argued from time to time. It was not until September 7th that their daughter Elizabeth I was born in Presen Hope Palace in Greenwich that she was slightly relieved. Anne sent Elizabeth to the countryside in Hertfordshire to grow up and often visited her.
Queen life
Anne boleyn's The Queen is more ostentatious than her predecessor Catherine. She has more than 250 servants to serve her full-time and 60 noble maids to accompany her. Anne bought many luxurious dresses, jewels, feather fans, carriages, furniture and so on. She renovated several palaces to satisfy her taste.
During this period, Anne brutally persecuted many people who opposed her becoming queen, including Henry VIII and Mary (later Mary I), the daughter of Queen Catherine. 1534, under the control of Anne, Henry VIII forced Mary to be Elizabeth's maid, and prompted the parliament to pass the inheritance law. In order to protect her dignity, Mary refused to recognize the law of inheritance. Even in her humble letter to Henry VIII, she insisted on signing "Princesse Marie". Anne belittled Mary and tortured her mentally, deducting Princesse Marie's material treatment as the eldest daughter of the king. Mary's clothes and money are even worse than those of royal servants. Of course, 18-year-old Princesse Marie is not friendly to her stepmother. She also stubbornly insisted that anne boleyn was only Henry's mistress, not the queen, and kept cursing each other. This made Henry VIII very angry and the relationship between father and daughter was very tense. Henry didn't even allow Mary to visit her mother Catherine, nor did they allow them to correspond with each other.
Anne boleyn is smart, decisive, confident, strong, sensitive and skillful in politics. He is the perfect lover of Henry VIII. However, when Anne became Henry's wife, she became suspicious, cruel and mean. Later, Henry was also tired of Anne, who frequently intervened in politics and tried to push the religious reform in a more radical direction. She thought that she was sharp-tongued, provocative and ambitious, and was not suitable for being the mother of a country.
After Anne gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth, she never succeeded in giving birth to the male heir of Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII ignored pregnant Anne and looked for flowers everywhere, so that Anne had to submit to humiliation like former queen Catherine. But if Anne can have a son, things may not turn around. However, 1536+65438129 October, also at the funeral of the former Queen Catherine, Anne miscarried a baby boy. One possible reason is that Anne saw her maid Jane Seymour sitting on Henry VIII's lap. Anyway, Anne's miscarriage deprived her of the last straw, and Henry VIII exhausted her patience. He declared that his marriage with Anne was cursed by heaven.
Imprisonment execution
1536 In April, Cromwell United a group of nobles who were dissatisfied with anne boleyn and came up with a vicious plot. They took full advantage of Henry's boredom with Anne and began to destroy her power. They arrested Anne's maid and men who had frequent contact with Anne, mostly artists and poets. Mark Smeaton, a musician next to Annie, was arrested first. At first, he denied that he was Anne's lover, but later, perhaps because of torture, he admitted adultery with Anne. Then two courtiers and Henry VIII's attendants were charged with the same crime. Finally, Anne's brother George Boleyn was arrested on charges of being a close relative of Anne and treason. There are even rumors that Anne is an evil witch. She blinded Henry with witchcraft and made him abandon his wife and daughter. Without telling the king, I have been with more than 100 men; Annie has a big mole on her neck, but she deliberately covers it with jewels and black ribbons. There are six fingers, but they all wear long black gloves.
Under torture, everyone finally admitted that Queen Anne was unfaithful. On May 2, Anne was taken to the Tower of London by barge and had a mild mental breakdown. /kloc-In May of 0/4, Cranmer declared the marriage between Anne and Henry invalid. On May 15, in the Tower of London, Anne was accused of adultery, * * and treason. Anne's sharp mind and sharp words helped her refute the charges against herself many times, but she could not change the final judgment. On May 65, 2007, George Boleyn and other defendants were executed.
On May 19, just after 9 am, one of the most famous women in history ushered in her tragic ending. Despite the lack of evidence, Anne was beheaded for adultery, treason, counterfeiting, mental illness and attempting to poison Queen Catherine and Princesse Marie. Henry VIII invited a famous executioner from France to cut off Anne's head in a relatively elegant way with an extremely sharp sword, and the cut head was even publicly displayed for some time. Then Anne was hastily buried, and Elizabeth, who was only two years and eight months old, became an illegitimate child and was driven out of the palace. It is said that Henry VIII sent anne boleyn a divorce agreement before she died, claiming that as long as anne boleyn signed the agreement, she would survive. There is a saying that anne boleyn refused to sign it, because if she signed the divorce papers, Elizabeth would become an illegitimate child. Another way of saying this is that anne boleyn signed it, but he received the death sentence the next day.
Congress failed to allow Anne to be buried in a suitable coffin. Anne's head and body were put in a cupboard and buried in the church in the Tower of London. Anne's grievances have never been * * * even in her daughter's Elizabethan era, and there is not even a tombstone. It was not until the Victorian renovation that it was discovered and confirmed and covered with a marble tombstone.
The day after Anne was executed, Henry VIII was immediately engaged to Anne's maid jane seymour. Ten days later, the official wedding was held, and Jane Seymour became the new queen (Jane, also known as Jane, from Seymour family, Catholic faith).
evaluate
Anne boleyn's life is very short. She asked Henry VIII to make her queen and abolished the original marriage of a famous family. She created a storm for the Tudor dynasty and the king. Her marriage to Henry promoted the Reformation in England and changed the history of England forever. Her daughter Elizabeth I is one of the most famous monarchs in English history.