Creative background: The rulers of Southern Song Dynasty didn't want to recover lost ground, but only wanted a peaceful corner. In Hangzhou, palace gardens have been built, and more than 40 gardens have been built. There are countless pavilions of other nobles. The first two sentences of this poem, from the infinity of space and time, describe the beautiful scenery and the scene of singing and dancing in Hangzhou.
The warm wind made the tourists feel drunk and on cloud nine. In Tao Tao, everyone is drunk and has no sense of hardship. They even regard Hang Cheng in the south of the Yangtze River as Bianzhou in the Central Plains. The meaning of "warm wind" is a pun, which is not only a warm natural wind, but also a drunken decadent wind.
The last sentence is both irony and warning: in the long run, it is bound to repeat the same mistakes, and Hangzhou will fall under the iron hoof of the golden people like Bianzhou. The whole poem does not need allusions, and its length is extremely short, with rich connotations and simple and profound language.
Extended data:
Distinguish and appreciate
The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write the false prosperity and peace of that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances that kill people's fighting spirit against gold stop at Xizi Lake?
The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk.
"Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and people.
At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.
This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Title Forest