According to Records of the Historian and Biography of Su Qin, Su Qin was born in the eastern suburb of Luoyang, Henan Province, and was a famous strategist during the Warring States Period. When Su Qin was young, he traveled to the East to learn from guiguzi, and then traveled around the world to lobby. At first, his lobbying failed, and he almost lost his wealth, which was laughed at by his family. Soon, Su Qin lobbied other countries with the idea of "uniting against Qin", and finally persuaded Zhao, Han, Wei, Qi, Chu and Yan to unite against each other. The six countries reached a joint covenant, and Su Qin became the leader of the joint alliance. At the same time, he also served as the national phase of the six countries, and one person only envied the six countries. In the next fifteen years, Qin did not dare to invade Hangu Pass.
Then, as a native of Luoyang, Henan Province, why didn't Su Qin have a language barrier when lobbying the six countries? As we all know, there have been dialect differences in Chinese since ancient times. Su Qin can lobby freely in six countries and achieve great success. Does he know the dialects of various countries?
In fact, although there were dialect differences during the Warring States period, the differences were not so great that people could not understand Cantonese, Minnan dialect and Wenzhou dialect completely. At that time, the differences between dialects were mainly manifested in vocabulary. Although there were differences in pronunciation, they were not too big. More importantly, at that time, there was a common homonym of * * *, which was equivalent to today's "Mandarin" and could be understood by people in all countries.
What language or Japanese family is this "Mandarin" from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties?
The Analects of Confucius says: "Poetry" and "Book" are all courtesy. "The' graciousness' mentioned here refers to the language used by all countries at that time. The word "general language" is frequently used in the dialect written by Yang Xiong in Han Dynasty, and "general language" also refers to the language commonly used in various places. For example, at that time, the "elegant words" or "general words" expressing "love" were "pity", while people between Korea and Zheng said "worry", people between Song and Lu said "seek" (meaning "desire"), and people between Qin, Rushui and (now Henan and Anhui) said. As a result, "pity" has become a common language to express "love", which is understood by people everywhere.
Su Qin is a well-read and knowledgeable person. Naturally, he is familiar with all kinds of "elegant languages" commonly used in all directions, so he can travel around the world with ease and lobby princes without many language obstacles.
It should be noted that Yayu, as a popular "Mandarin" (* * * the same language) from the pre-Qin to the Qin and Han dynasties, is based on Qin Jin dialect. Today's Mandarin is a homonym based on the northern dialect and Beijing dialect. And the dialects we often listen to in Shaanxi Opera and Walking West may be the ancient "Putonghua". Historically, Qin Jin has long been a political center. The first ancient Wang Jian in China was built in Xia Dynasty, and the later Zhou Dynasty came from Qin Dynasty, and its influence lasted for about 600 years. The political and cultural centers of Qin and Han Dynasties were all in Qin Jin dialect area. Therefore, Qin Jin dialect was often used as a lingua franca at that time. Yang Xiong "In the series of dialect synonyms recorded in Dialect Records, most of the commonly used words mentioned are consistent with those used by Qin Jin, indicating that in ancient times, Chinese homophones were based on Qin Jin dialect." (General History of China and Chinese History, P278). It can be inferred that Qin Jin dialect was once an ancient "Mandarin".
(This article refers to Historical Records, Nine Biographies of Su Qin and History of Chinese Language in China. )
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