Sima Qian's Historical Records, Volume VII.
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC), a native of Xia Xiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu) at the end of the Warring States Period, was the grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu State. He is the representative of China's military thought "military situation" (four military strategies: military situation, military tactics, military yin and yang, and military skills), and he is one of the strongest military commanders in the history of China. Li Wanfang has a special interest in him.
2. Ancient Chinese banquet, Liu Bangxiang's personality analysis 1. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, the two protagonists of the Chu-Han dispute, are the two protagonists of the Chu-Han dispute in the history of China. Xiang Yu is an unstoppable 27-year-old overlord, and Liu Bang is an old man in his fifties. After Xiang Yu became a famous soldier, Liu Bang was an unknown peasant son. Xiang Yu received strict general training, Liu Bang himself was not a general, and there were many rabble assembled. After Xiang Yu ruled the world, the momentum was in full swing, while Liu Bang just sealed Hanwang, and the land was remote and dangerous. However, the wheel of history has undergone a dramatic reversal: Xiang Yu committed suicide at the age of 32 and lost everything; Liu Bang inherited the unified pattern of Qin Shihuang, unified the whole country and created the Han Dynasty which lasted for 400 years. How did this historical confrontation, known as the fierce battle between lions and wolves, come into being? Why did it become a classic lesson for future generations to review repeatedly? Second, they have the same characteristics: they dare to dream big, they don't care about secular evaluation, they have extraordinary endurance and endurance, and they have the ability to turn crises into opportunities. But why are their experiences so different? Xiang Yu-impatient and arrogant, but he is confident and positive. Liu Bang-likes to brag, but he is generous and good at making friends. Xiang Yu's failure was the result of relying too much on the military. He was born in a noble family and rose in the turmoil of the Qin Dynasty. He has the military talent to fight like a god. In just three years, he led the five-nation allied forces to attack Xianyang and Qin Dou. With his natural military talent and strict military training, he gradually made amazing achievements from the age of 27. He has insight in fighting, dares to take risks, and is good at rallying the hearts of foot soldiers with strong spiritual strength to form a strong force. He was supposed to be the next person to control the world after Qin Shihuang. However, after several years of confrontation with Liu Bang, who was twice as old and was born in a rough country, he was defeated on all sides in the "Chu-Han hegemony". Although he is good at fighting, his political strategy is not as good as that of wily Liu Bang. After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, a series of impetuous actions, such as disturbing the people, burning the palace, sealing the king and killing the righteous emperor, triggered four public grievances and rebellions, and finally made Liu Bang, who was good at buying people's hearts, full-fledged and set an unbreakable trap. He was arrogant for a while, but he failed. However, all the losses have been reversed.
Liu Bang's genius lies in his generosity, preferring to fight for wisdom rather than strength. This is why Liu Bang can stand out in the turbulent and complicated times. Third, the reasons for Xiang Yu's failure. First, he lacks strategy and vision, and no politician reads Sima Qian's Historical Records. He learned that Xiang Yu was a hero. He was born with divine power, "all children in Wuzhong are afraid of it." He has great ambitions. Just because he promised Xiang Bo to "meet" Liu Bang, he set Liu Bang free in the net at the Hongmen banquet, regardless of his father's "Shower III". The enemy defeated Wujiang, and he refused to board the lifeboat of Wujiang Tingchang. Facing the jungle behind him, he laughed to death. Xiang Yu, the hero, finally committed suicide. A sad song rang out in his ear. Xiang Yu attributed his failure to bad luck until his death. However, is it really just bad luck? Some people say that Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was that he didn't listen to his adviser Fan Zeng at the Hongmen banquet, and even set the tiger free, which led to the final failure. This failure shows that Xiang Yu is a person who can't see the direction clearly politically and can't tell the truth from the false. He can't use his quick wits in a dangerous situation. How does he lead everyone to success? Secondly, Xiang Yu's personality has extremely serious defects: 1, short-sighted, complacent, foolhardy and lacking in magnanimity. Reading the history books carefully, we can see that there are extremely serious defects in Xiang Yu's character: he is ambitious but short-sighted; Love vanity, there is no lack of self-satisfied small-scale peasant consciousness; Everything is brave first, wisdom is behind, cruelty is more than enough, and kindness is not enough; Lack of magnanimous monarch temperament. This decided his life. He should be just an all-powerful general, but he has no emperor's mind. His real mistake is not whether he killed Liu Bang, but his own insurmountable personality weakness. Even if he killed Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet, he would be defeated by Zhang Bang, Wang Bang and Li Bang in the future. Lack of magnanimous monarch temperament. Let's take a look at several episodes in Historical Records: Xin 'an. Zhang Han led his troops to surrender. Xiang Yu did not give good supervision to surrender, but turned it into his own use. But because of fear of refusing to accept surrender, he "attacked more than 200 thousand chi at night." Xinfeng hongmen Xiang Yu was furious when he heard that Liu Bang was going to be king in Guanzhong, and he wanted to crush Liu Bang's100000 army with 400 troops. Obviously, King Xiang Yu of Takamatsu got carried away, so he listened to Xiang Bo and "met" Liu Bang. This led to Fan Zeng's eternal regret of "counting the princes" and "the princes should not be silent" at the Hongmen banquet. After Xiang Yu entered the customs, he "led the troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west, kill Qin, and burn Qin Gong. He did not put out the fire in March, and collected his goods to the east with precious women." Seeing that Xiang Yu's vision was so short-sighted, the exhorter was disheartened and said, "People say that Chu people' bathe monkeys and crown their ears'. Sure enough, "Xiang Yu was furious and" cooked ". In the winter of the second year of Han Dynasty, Tian Rong rebelled because of improper sealing. After Xiang Yu's counter-insurgency, "Tian Rong, an old, weak woman and child, was cheated and went to the North Sea.
3. Introduction to Xiang Yu's personality characteristics Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC), whose real name was Yu, was born in the late Qin Dynasty (now Suqian, Jiangsu Province) and was the grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu State. He is the representative of China's military thought "Military Intelligence" (military situation, military tactics, military yin and yang, military skills), and he is one of the strongest military commanders in the history of China.
Xiang Yu followed his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in his early years. After Xiang Liang was killed, he led an army to cross the river to save Zhao Wangxie, and defeated Qin Jun's main forces led by Zhang Han and Wang Li in the Battle of Julu. After Qin's death, he was called the overlord of the West Chu, and the system of enfeoffment was implemented, making Qin heroes and nobles of the six countries kings.
Then Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty, sent troops from Hanzhong to attack Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu launched a Chu-Han war with him for four years. Although Liu Bang suffered repeated defeats and wars during the period, Xiang Yu could not have a fixed rear supply, and he was exhausted. Also suspected that his father Fan Zeng was finally destroyed by Liu Bang. In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was defeated (now south of Lingbi County, Anhui Province) and broke through to Wujiang River (now wujiang town, Anhui County) to commit suicide.
Personality characteristics: A person who exerts personal heroism to the extreme can pass on or render this power to all subordinates, and burning one's bridges is the best example. A truly honest person, if he doesn't like it, he doesn't like it, and there are not so many hypocritical partiality.
Easy to offend people, but also easy to attract people, without covering up the essence of human nature. A person who combines conceit and cowardice also comes from an essence different from heroism and human nature.