In the history of trumpet, it was usually used by military departments or religions. The ancients used terror, terror, huskiness and rudeness to describe the sound of the ancient Roman bugle. At that time, only Roman, Tibetan and Jewish religious priests were allowed to play the trumpet. This musical instrument has been mentioned in the translation of the Bible, and it is associated with the voice of angels. A large number of new forms of trumpets appeared in the Middle Ages. The Spanish invasion of Saracens brought many such musical instruments, such as those used by Christians, which were specially used to scare the enemy. The Renaissance brought the progress of trumpet, such as improving the status of trumpet in the royal court. This instrument is more used as a "musical" performance than just a signal.
The popularity of trumpet can be traced back to the Baroque period, except for the decline of1in the early 8th century. /kloc-the increase of pistons and keys in the middle of the 0/8th century brought new life to the trumpet, which is frequently used in orchestral works. 1827, the piston trumpet appeared in Germany. It was not until the end of 18 that the three-piston trumpet and cornet gradually formed. Their development and reform were completed in Europe. (Trumpet is mainly in Germany, and cornet is developed from a French name called cornet de poste. )
Traditional trumpet music conveys the feelings of festivals or wars, and is also widely used in the works of Baroque composers such as Bach and Handel. Trumpet is widely used in the works of classical composer Haydn, and his Trumpet Concerto in E flat major has always been a classic in instrumental music. In a word, the trumpet has undergone many changes in the past few years, and it has obviously become the most important musical instrument in each period. It has become one of the few musical instruments that have been tested by the times, and it is constantly changing with the needs of new music forms and use.
Trumpet has a strong tone, bright and sharp, full of brilliance. It is a high-pitched instrument in the brass family. It can not only play the trumpet, but also play a beautiful melody. Using a mute in a trumpet can add mystery. Therefore, the trumpet has rich performances in baroque music, classical music and military music. In addition, the performance of trumpet in jazz is also very rich.
Trumpet has three parts: nozzle, pipe and machine. The length of the pipeline is1.355m, and the mechanical part consists of piston and piston sleeve. By pressing the piston to connect the bypass pipe, the purpose of extending the 1 pipe is achieved. There are two types of pistons: straight and rotary.
Trumpets use a staff treble chart to record music. Play with a fixed roll call, that is, a fixed treble concept. There are many kinds of trumpets in the world today. B-flat, E-flat, D-flat, E-flat, F-flat, G-flat, A-flat and B-flat are all determined according to the high notes of the first overtone series. The trumpet we usually use is in B flat. If the trumpet plays the same melody with the piano, electronic organ and other instruments in C, it must be improved by two degrees, that is, when the instrument in C plays C, the trumpet plays D.
Trumpet family
Trumpet and cornet are high-pitched brass instruments. They use the same range, notation and playing method, which can be said to be a pair of brothers in the brass instrument family.
Trumpet and cornet are slightly different in structure. If both the trumpet and the cornet are straightened, their lengths are the same, but due to the different proportions of their conical and cylindrical parts, the conical part of the trumpet accounts for 1/3 of the length of the pipe, while the conical part of the cornet accounts for 1/2, and the diameter of the conical part is thicker than that of the trumpet. Coupled with the shape of the bell mouth, the radian of the enlarged mouth of the trumpet is larger than that of the trumpet. And the shape of the cup-shaped part of the trumpet mouth is different, which constitutes the timbre difference between the trumpet and the cornet. Trumpet is loud, powerful, infectious and expressive, especially when played in silence, the sound effect makes people in an illusion and imagination. Therefore, it is indispensable in symphony orchestra, military band and light music team. Generally used to express magnificent emotions and scenes. Short and good timbre is soft and beautiful, and it often plays some lyric melodies. Some solo passages in the famous dance drama Swan Lake by Russian composer Tchaikovsky are played with cornets. The cornet is widely used in wind bands, because there are many hard instruments in the band, and the tone of the band can be adjusted by using the cornet. Some bands use cornets in the high notes of brass, which makes the sound effect of the band softer and sweeter.
In this family, there is another one named Bugle, also called fiugelnorn. Its pipe length, range, notation and playing method are the same as those of trumpet and cornet, but the difference is also in the structural part. The conical part of the horn accounts for about 2/3 of the pipe length, and the pipe diameter ratio is short, the horn is thick, the cup-shaped part of the horn is short, and the horn is deep, which looks like a bell mouth. So its voice is softer and deeper than cornet. In some countries, this instrument is used as a colorful instrument in military bands, but it is rarely seen in China bands at present and is basically not used.
Musical Instrument Name: Suona
Nickname: "trumpet"
Composition: eight sound holes (the first seven and the last one) are made in a conical wooden pipe, and a thin copper pipe is installed at the upper end of the wooden pipe, and a reed whistle is installed at the upper end of the copper pipe for players to play; The lower end of the wooden pipe has a brass "bell mouth".
Musical Instrument Features: It belongs to woodwind instrument family. The structure of suona reed flute is similar to that of western oboe, both of which are double-reed instruments, but the reed of suona is thinner. The timbre is sonorous, bright and infectious. Whether it is used to express natural things or human emotions, it has its own uniqueness. Suona is a traditional national musical instrument with a long history in China, which has been widely popular among the people since the Ming Dynasty. Some folk artists can not only play tremolo, lean tone and glide with suona, but also imitate Xiao's soft timbre with suona.
Suona is the main instrument of Chinese national bands, which is often used for solo, ensemble, ensemble and accompaniment of local operas and songs and dances. In folk, suona is the backbone instrument of percussion band and gongs and drums band in festive occasions.
Range and timbre: The high-pitched suona in D_ key is recorded according to the actual pitch with the high-pitched spectrum table. Its total range is a _ (_1_) _ b _ (_ 3 _), and the common range in the band is A _ (_ 1 _) _ _ D _. Suona's bass is bold and vigorous, and all kinds of skills are easy to play and expressive; The high-pitched area is tense and sharp, so use it with caution in the band.
Suona is also called trumpet, and Xiaosuona is also called Haidi. During the Jin Dynasty (AD 265-420), it was popular in Xinjiang. Suona was used in Hui music in Qing Dynasty and was called Su Le Nai. It is one of the most widely used musical instruments among the people. Besides ensemble and solo, it is also used to accompany operas, songs and dances.
Suona, there are eight holes (the first seven, the last one) on the wooden cone. The upper end of the wooden cone is equipped with a copper tube, the upper end of the copper tube is sheathed with a reed whistle, and the lower end of the wooden tube is equipped with a trumpet-shaped copper horn. The timbre is high and bright, and some folk artists can control their breath and blow out soft sounds.
After the reform, there are three kinds of suona: high, medium and low, and some of them have added tones to expand the range.
Suona is widely used and can be used as a solo instrument. In folk percussion or local opera bands, suona is often used as the leading instrument. Suona is loud and rough, which is suitable for cheerful, enthusiastic and magnificent music. It can play a highly skilled cadenza, imitating the songs of birds and insects.
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