At the turn of 18 and 19 century, romantic ballet is the "golden age" in the history of ballet development. From the second half of the19th century, the center of European ballet gradually shifted to Russia. Let's take a look at the information I have carefully prepared for you. Welcome to read!

The Origin and History of Ballet Ballet appeared in Italy in the heyday of the Renaissance in15-16th century, and artists tried their best to imitate the artistic style of ancient Greece. The earliest ballet performance was held at a palace banquet. In a small Italian town, 14 * * performed orpheus to celebrate the wedding of the Duke of Milan and Princess Idabel of Aragon, Spain. The form of performance at that time was completely different from the ballet performance we see today. Each performance is generally associated with providing food, such as eating wild boar after the simulated hunting performance begins; The sea god and the river god appeared and began to eat fish. Then, many mythical figures came to the stage to offer many dishes and fruits, and finally the guests took part in a lively and carnival performance. This is a performance form that integrates singing, dancing, recitation and drama performance. It can be said that it is the embryonic form of ballet, and later people call it "banquet ballet".

Palace ballet

With the intermarriage between Italian aristocrats and French courts, Italian ballet performances were brought to France. 158 1 year, the queen's comedy ballet was staged at Henry III's sister Margaret's wedding. There was no stage at that time, and the audience sat in a two-story corridor with three walls. The king and the dignitaries sat on the altar and performed on the floor of the hall. Director Beauvoir is an Italian employed in France. The content shows how Se Se conquered Apollo, but had to give in to His Majesty the King of France. The performance combines drama, music, dance, recitation and acrobatics. During the period of Louis XIV * *1643-1715 * *, French ballet developed to its peak, and Louis XIV himself loved dancing and was well trained. /kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he participated in the performance of the court ballet Cassandra and played Apollo.

Action ballet

/kloc-The European Enlightenment in the 0/8th century profoundly influenced the development of French ballet. His innovative ideas are manifested in opposing ballet as an ornament for aristocratic pastimes, making ballet express real life like drama, and advocating that ballet should have social content and educational significance. This is the background of the "drama ballet". Novell represents the mainstream of European ballet innovation and embodies the democratic spirit of the Enlightenment. In "Dance and Dance Drama Letters", he put forward his own innovative ideas on ballet. Jean Dobejval, a student in Norvell, created the ballet "Unhelpful Caution", which is still being performed today and has become a repertoire of major contemporary ballet companies. Romantic ballet

Romantic ballet is a "golden age" in the history of ballet development, which has experienced brilliant stages in dance skills, choreography and performance forms. The emergence of ballet such as Fairy, Giselle, Melar and One Pirate has created a number of ballet talents, such as Perot, Burnville, Tancho and isler. The characteristics of ballet in this period are summarized as follows:

1, changes in content and theme. Extraordinary gods and ghosts have replaced the characters in myths and legends and ancient heroic stories. Reflect a dissatisfaction and disappointment with reality, a pursuit of interests in another world beyond the world, or use death to get rid of disappointment with reality, or use an unrealistic pursuit to replace the desire for life. The representative works are Fairy * * 1832 * * * and Giselle * * 184 1 * *. Giselle, a collection of French styles, became the pinnacle of romantic ballet, and then the combination of romanticism and realism gradually appeared. 2. Great progress has been made in dance skills and performances. The tiptoe dance skills have become an important factor for female dancers to perform, and the dance skills of men have been further improved.

3. In the form of performance, gas lamps and curtains were used, and ballet costumes and shoes were reformed, resulting in a poetic and light style.

The golden age of romantic ballet is extremely short. From 1930s to 40s in 19, it stagnated and withered in a little over 10. From the second half of the19th century, the center of European ballet gradually shifted to Russia.

Russian ballet

/kloc-In the second half of the 0/9th century, European romantic ballet declined, and the mission of reviving ballet fell on Russia's shoulders historically. Since the 1940s, foreign dancers have often visited Russia. Performances and directing activities of Tarioni's father and daughter, Perot and San Leon. In particular, the teaching activities of Johansson, a student from Bournville, in St. Petersburg and Brass in Moscow have taught the Russian dance community the essence of two major dance schools, France and Italy, and gradually formed a new school-Russian dance school. Matipa and Ivanov played a decisive role in the construction of the play. Tchaikovsky realized the innovation of ballet music through Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and Nutcracker, which made music the basis of creating images and narrating events in ballet, and inspired and enriched the symphonic dance thought of the choreographer. The second act of Swan Lake reached the peak of dance poetry and was regarded as a model of symphonic dance. Later, Glazunov wrote Remunda *** 1898*** and Four Seasons * * * 1900 * *, which not only inherited the romantic ballet tradition, but also embodied the Russian realistic tradition.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian ballet has occupied a dominant position in the world ballet, with its own repertoire, performance style and teaching system, and a number of choreographers and performers have emerged. Since then, a group of young people in Russian ballet circles have asked for innovation and exploration of new performance means and development paths. Gorschi and Fujin are their leaders. Foucault's innovative ideas can't be realized in the Imperial Theatre. His major works are rehearsed and performed for Dia Gilev Ballet abroad. Diaghilev organized the Russian performance season for three consecutive years from 1909, and in 19 13, he established a permanent troupe based in Monte Carlo-"Diaghilev ballets russes", which toured all over Europe and America, with great influence, sending the classical traditional repertoires stored in Russia back to Europe and promoting the revival of European ballet. After the dissolution of the troupe, its members were scattered in Europe and America, such as Lifa in France, Dewar in Britain, balanchine and Fujin in the United States, which made important contributions to the revival or establishment of ballet in various countries. Contemporary ballet

At the end of 1929, lifa became the permanent choreographer and main dancer of the ballet of Paris Opera House. Until 1958 left, he actually carried out a reform, such as abolishing the centuries-old sponsor's right to chat with dancers backstage before the ballet performance. There is also an opening ceremony every week. 1932 When Giselle returned, Lifa played Albert. He is a clever man. Notre Dame was adapted and directed by roland petit according to the music of Yale University, and it was a brilliant success. Firebird, written and directed by Maurice Behar in 1970, is the most unique work. The ballet of Paris Opera House includes Giselle, Gabriel and Sylvia.

British ballet is mainly attributed to the lifelong management of three great women: Mrs. Adelina Janet, who served as the chief ballet dancer in the Royal Theatre for many years; Madame Ninat de Vallova's immortal work is the Royal Ballet; Mrs Mary Lambert is the founder of the ballet company named after her. There are also festival ballet and Scottish ballet.

There is no national ballet in America. Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein met once at 1933 and were invited to preside over the American Dance School. 1948 was transformed into New York City Ballet, with balanchine as artistic director and main choreographer, and Jerome Robbins as assistant artistic consultant. Formed a typical American dance style. Another important ballet company is the American Ballet Theatre, which started its activities on 1940. Fu Fujin, Ma Xin and Anthony Tudor. Arthur Mitchell's Harlem Dance Theatre Joffrey Ballet is the first black classical ballet company. The Royal Danish Ballet is an outstanding inheritor of Danish national tradition. The ballet created by Bournonville a hundred years ago is still performed in Copenhagen in a pure style. * * * is actually an ancient French style * * * In Danish ballet, the traditional consciousness has always been very strong. From 65438 to 0932, harald Randall was appointed ballet director of the Royal Theatre. Until 1952, he arranged etudes for France and Britain, which was a brilliant display of ballet skills.

The influential Russian directors in the early 20th century were Gorschi, Puni and Foucault. Anna pavlova perfectly embodies Foucault's thought, and a swan died in 1905.

In Russia, after the October Revolution, Gorschi insisted on the expressive force of drama, making his dancers live in the role of Stani Slavski, and the ballet originally produced in the court did not die out. 1927, Red * * * was performed in Moscow. It is the first heroic modern ballet in Russia, which marks the victory of the classical school and points out the principles to follow. Classical ballet has won a new reputation. Semeonova and ulanova made their debut. The newly created dance drama pays attention to the drama structure, makes more use of folk dances, and enriches the vocabulary of the director. Russian ballet began to revive.

From 158 1, France has staged the Queen's Comedy Ballet for more than 400 years. Ballet has spread all over the world, and is recognized as an important part of human cultural heritage, becoming a worldwide art. Many countries on five continents have established their own professional ballet schools and ballet performance groups. In today's world, ballet art is developing vigorously, and different schools such as classical ballet and modern ballet, dramatic ballet and symphonic ballet compete with each other, and a large number of talents and repertoires emerge. Many countries have gradually formed their own styles and characteristics, and new explorations and creations have also appeared in the artistic expression of ballet.