1.2 The relevant government of Jiyuan attaches great importance to the development of walnut industry.
Since 2004, Jiyuan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have taken serving agriculture, countryside and farmers as the goal, adhered to market orientation, vigorously built walnut production bases, steadily promoted the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure, and actively cultivated new economic growth points. A series of documents have been issued successively, such as the discount loan policy for agricultural structural adjustment in Jiyuan City in 2004, the subsidy and incentive policy for agricultural structural adjustment and industrialization in Jiyuan City in 2005, and the financial incentive support opinions for agricultural structural adjustment in Jiyuan City in 2006. In 2004, discount loans were provided for the construction of walnut base: in 2005, subsidies and incentives were adopted, and 200 yuan was subsidized for every 667 square meters of walnut orchard, and 65,400 villages were also rewarded. In 2006, 3 million yuan was allocated to support 30 walnut base villages with a development area of more than 20 hectares, and each village was rewarded with 40 ~1.2 million yuan. In the whole city, an afforestation upsurge was set off, which was paid attention by the Party committee, led by the government, invested by departments and responded by farmers, and a walnut base was built.
1.3 Current Situation of Walnut Base Construction
With Jiyuan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attaching great importance to the development of walnut industry, the work of business departments and township governments has been put in place, farmers are full of confidence in the development of walnut industry, and the walnut planting area has increased rapidly, reaching more than 2,000 hectares in 2006, mainly distributed in towns and villages such as Potou, Lombardi, Summer Night, Dayu, zhecheng county and Jing Ke. According to the plan, it is estimated that by 20 10, the area of walnuts will reach 8,000 hectares, 3,333 hectares of young trees newly planted in 20 15 will enter the first fruit-bearing stage, and 4,667 hectares of walnuts will enter the full fruit-bearing stage, with an annual output of120,000 kg and a total output value of 200 million yuan. The future prospects and benefits are extremely impressive.
2 problems existing in the base construction
The development of walnut industry in Jiyuan city is gratifying, but facing the reality, we think there are still some problems in the construction of walnut base. If the municipal party committee, municipal government and relevant functional departments do not solve these problems in time, it will inevitably affect the smooth realization of the expected goals.
2. 1 The quality of foundation construction is not high.
2.2. 1 improper selection of some plots. The mountainous and hilly areas of Jiyuan City are indeed suitable areas for walnut growth. However, in order to grow healthily, bear fruit early and have high yield, we must choose middle loam with deep soil layer and loose texture. Some walnut trees planted in our city are planted on III and IV fields with shallow soil layer, heavy texture and poor fertility, or on the hillside of returning farmland to forests. A few years later. These fruit trees will become "small old trees", which will inevitably affect the yield and quality of walnuts and dampen farmers' enthusiasm for production.
2.2.2 The planting operation is not standardized. Walnut tree planting requires large pits, large floods and large seedlings with the same height. However, some walnut orchards are small pits with little or no water, small seedlings and uneven height, which reduces the survival rate of walnut seedlings and affects the later management of walnut orchards.
2.3.3 The phenomenon of heavy planting and light management is serious. Most farmers still plant corn or wheat after planting walnuts, leaving no nutritional belt; Some farmers neither repair the tree tray nor weed and loosen the soil after planting walnuts, which leads to the barren orchard; There are also a few farmers who farm in the walnut garden as usual for immediate interests, resulting in scars on the walnut seedlings: some farmers think that the walnut garden is extensively managed, and it is neither fertilized nor pruned after planting, resulting in unhealthy growth and disordered tree shape.
2.2 Lack of major varieties
At present, nearly 1333.3 hectares of walnuts are planted in Jiyuan city, which are seedlings planted on the land of returning farmland to forests. Because of late fruit bearing, low yield and uneven fruit quality, there is no economic benefit so far. In recent years, although many excellent varieties have been introduced and 666.7 hectares of grafted seedlings have been planted, there are too many varieties of seedlings. Some towns or villages don't even know what varieties of walnuts they grow, and they haven't screened out the main varieties suitable for the development of Jiyuan City, so the variety selection is blind.
2.3 weak technical force
In recent years, the large-scale development of walnuts in Jiyuan City is unprecedented. However, there are only five professional technicians engaged in walnut management in the city (these five people are not full-time personnel), and there are no full-time walnut planting technicians in townships (towns) and villages. Some mature new technologies (such as improved seed breeding technology and high grafting technology) can't be popularized and applied in time, and they can't solve problems for farmers in technology and management in time at key times, and they lack incentive mechanism.
2.4 Technical research work lags behind
Due to the lack of funds, Jiyuan City has not established its own experimental garden for walnut cultivation and management. It restricts the normal technical research work of walnut variety introduction test, improved variety breeding, high grafting for superior, cultivation management and so on.
2.5 Processing and utilization have not yet started.
Comprehensive processing and utilization is the leading factor to promote the development of walnut industry. At present, the comprehensive processing and utilization of walnuts in Jiyuan city has not been included in the agenda, which may hinder farmers' enthusiasm for developing walnuts. While paying attention to the development of walnut production base, we should pay attention to the processing technology of reserved products in order to wait for the arrival of high-yield walnut period.
3 Countermeasures for sustainable development
3. 1 Improve orchard management level in an all-round way
3. 1. 1 Make a good plan. In the process of walnut base construction, we should not only consider concentrated contiguous plots, but also choose plots with deep soil layer, loose soil and certain fertility. Don't build a garden on a plot with shallow soil layer, heavy texture and poor fertility or on the top of the mountain.
3. 1.2 Strengthening the management of walnut orchards On the one hand, Jiyuan City should establish a high-standard walnut science demonstration park. From the variety and quality of seedlings, high standards, high starting point and strict management will set an example for farmers, improve the enthusiasm and consciousness of farmers to manage walnut trees, promote the construction of walnut production bases in the city with radiation demonstration, and promote the rapid effect of walnut industry in the city. On the other hand, the walnut association should be established in the walnut base village, which is responsible for cooperating with the city, township and village to do a good job in walnut technical training and guidance, urging growers to do a good job in walnut planting according to technical requirements and improve the management level of young walnut trees. Agricultural materials such as walnuts, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are purchased and sold by the association.
3.2 Introduction and training of technical personnel
Establish the idea that "human resources are the first resource", unswervingly implement the strategy of strengthening the city with talents, firmly grasp the three links of training, attracting and using talents, vigorously strengthen the construction of the talent team with walnut professional and technical talents as the main body, and strive to cultivate and bring up a talent team that can shoulder heavy responsibilities and match the development of the walnut base in Jiyuan City. Make full use of human resources, strengthen the cultivation of walnut professional and technical personnel, introduce much-needed talents and intelligence, and establish a useful and stable talent team.
3.3 Establish Walnut Science Popularization Demonstration Base
Implement the project of "developing forest through science and technology", establish a demonstration base of walnut science popularization, carry out the breeding of new varieties of walnut with high quality and high yield, and popularize advanced technologies such as walnut cultivation management, improved seed breeding and high-quality grafting: give play to the radiation function of the demonstration base of walnut science popularization, drive the strategic adjustment of rural economic structure, promote agricultural industrialization, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income; Implement the supporting production technology of walnut pollution-free fruit, and greatly improve the commodity rate of walnut.
3.4 Screening of Main Cultivars
Establish the pilot base of walnut in Jiyuan City, introduce new excellent varieties from other places, select local varieties from the seedlings of walnut in Jiyuan City, select the main varieties suitable for the development of Jiyuan City through comparative tests, and promote them according to the basic production methods of one village, one township and one product, so that the walnut industry will initially form a pattern of large-scale production and intensive management.
3.5 Cultivate leading processing enterprises
According to the development plan of Juglans regia in Jiyuan City, by 20 10, the planting area of Juglans regia will reach 8000 hectares, and the output of Juglans regia will increase rapidly. To make walnut industry bigger and stronger, we must cultivate leading processing enterprises. While doing a good job in the construction and comprehensive management of walnut tree base, we can actively consider introducing deep processing technology of walnut fruit, establishing walnut processing enterprises, promoting the industrialization of fruit production, improving the added value of walnuts and relieving farmers' worries.
(Author's Tel: 135232 12227)