Anti-building of Guangyuelou ancient city. Located in the center of the ancient city of Dongchangfu District. Built in the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374), it is one of the oldest and most magnificent wooden pavilions in China. Enjoy the reputation of "although Yellow Crane Yueyang also wants to see it". Compared with the existing cultural relics, such as the Drum Tower in Beijing and the Bell Tower in Xi, its construction time, scale, shape and architectural structure are worse.

Construction Background During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Liaocheng was under the jurisdiction of Dongchang Prefecture, an important port beside the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the political, economic, military and cultural center of northwest Shandong. In the early Ming Dynasty, the situation in the north was very unstable. In order to defend the military needs of the restoration of the Mongolian ruling group, Hirayama Wei commanded Chen Yong, and converted the earthen city into a brick city in Hongwu, Ming Dynasty. In order to "spy on the enemy and overlook", it reported the time to the police, and built this drum tower with a height of more than 100 feet from the residual wood used for repairing the city, so it was originally named "Yumulou". So there is a drum chime in the building, also called "Drum Tower". In the 22nd year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1486), Yang Neng, the magistrate, named this building "Dongchang Building" when he was renovating it. In the ninth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1496), Li Zan, the official minister, passed by Dongchang, met Jin Tianxi, the magistrate, and went upstairs, amazed. "Because of sighing, there is nothing in the world. Although Yellow Crane and Yueyang should also be looking forward to it. It's been a hundred years, and I'm still unknown and nameless. Isn't it shameful? Because it is called' Guangyuelou' by Tianzhu, it is closer to Lu and brighter than Daiyue. " Since then, the "Guangyuelou" has been rebuilt by inscriptions in previous dynasties.

The building structure, Guangyue Building, is a four-eave, spanning the ridge and crossing the street pavilion, with a height of 33 meters. It consists of a wharf and a four-story main building.

The pier is a regular four-sided platform, made of masonry and 9.38 meters high. The bottom side is 34.43 meters long, and the top side is 365,438+0.93 meters long, with a total area of 65,438+065,438+085.42 square meters, and the points are gradually selected. A semi-coupon arch is arranged in the middle of the east, west, south and north directions of the platform body, and the coupon forms a cross arch in the center of the platform. The four arches are the same, with an average surface width of 5.76 meters and a straight arch foot height of 2.90 meters, rising by 2.88 meters. The threshold above the coupon is called "Civilization" in the south, "Wuding" in the north, "Taiping" in the east and "Xing Li" in the west. On the top of the platform, there are three overlapping eaves tiles with female walls. The height of the wall is1.12m, and the thickness is 0.45m. The south of the building is the highest. There are small arches on both sides of the south arch, which are similar in shape to the middle arch. On the east side, there is a small stone chisel carved with "Fairy Que in Fengcheng" and "Yingzhou in Yuen Long" on the west side, inscribed by An and Zhu respectively. According to historical records, An and Zhu were both from the Qing Dynasty, so it can be seen that these two plaques were later carved during the maintenance of Guangyue Building. The west gate is a fake gate, only in form, in order to match the east gate. The East Gate is the only access to the building, with a width of 3. 14m, a straight arch angle height of 1.75m and a rising height of1.57m. There is also a small ticket in the archway, with a doorway width of1.86m.. There is a room at the entrance, there is a stamp in the east, and the 4 steps are upgraded to the terrace. There is a small window on the south wall of the building for ventilation and lighting. Turn 37th floor northward to the platform, and then rise to15th floor to reach the countertop, 56th floor. Build an open porch in the stairwell to prevent rainwater from invading. Its architectural age seems to be during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Its position is just on the central axis of the East Building. Because the East Gate is the main avenue, its architecture was added as a symbol. The open porch is five rooms wide and three rooms deep. The width of the bay and the second bay is 2.30 meters, suggesting that it is only 0.67 meters. There are 3 stairwells: Ming and Xiao. An open corridor is formed between the tips, and a sill wall is set between the columns, which can be used for resting when going upstairs. The open porch is not arched, and the roof is single eaves, which is light and lively. At the entrance of the open porch steps, there is a woodcut plaque inscribed by the contemporary calligraphy master Qi Gong, with exquisite font and vigorous brushwork. The countertop is made of masonry, surrounded by women's walls and with drainage channels on both sides.

The main building has four floors, built on a high platform, all made of wood, with a square corridor, 24 meters high, 192 gold pillars and 200 arches. The ground on the first floor is slightly higher than the countertop, square and surrounded by stones. 7 rooms are wide and deep, and the width of the bay is 4.05 meters. The second room and the tip room are smaller than the bay, ranging from 2.79 meters to 2.90 meters. The smallest width, from1.75m to1.89m, is the cloister of the building. The building itself has five rooms wide and deep, with double grooved columns inside and outside and corridors, and the structure is refreshing and clear. ***20 eaves columns a week, with a diameter of 0.60m, all wrapped in brick walls, with a thickness of1.34m. The walls are decorated with red chalk, but there is no painting inside, leaving a bare brick wall. There are two board doors in each bright room, and there is no door decoration. There are four crown needles, with a diamond in the middle and circles on both sides. The floor was opened twice. There is a 12 gold column in the inner groove, with a diameter of 0.60m and painted black. On the north side of the first floor door, there is a Luban shrine on the eaves column, and the golden column is inserted between them. There is a plastic statue of Lu Ban in the niche, and there are small ladders on the left and right for lifting. There is a wooden plaque hanging above the niche, which is very exquisite in workmanship. Pu Jie wrote it in black on a white background. On the golden pillars around the niche, there is an article by Sun Tongfeng, the former county magistrate of Liaocheng, and the couplet of Jiang Weisong's heavy book: "Mount Tai is in the east, the Yellow River is in the west, the moonlight road is infinite, the wine by the railing is infinitely good, and the desk is shooting, with distinct differentiation and outstanding people." On the forehead of the southeast gate on the first floor, there are wooden horizontal plaques hanging on the left and right, with "Tai Daidong coming to make a green screen" in the east and "Universe Wenheng" in the south.

The width and depth of the second floor are still 7 rooms, but the size of the whole room is smaller, ranging from 1. 16 meters to 1.26 meters. In fact, the whole room is a cloister, which is the flat seat part. This floor is divided into four open doors, all of which are straight 3 Doug doors, with square lattice windows on both sides, and a stairwell connecting the upper and lower floors between things. Within a week, the golden pillar was surrounded by wooden walls into a rectangular room, which was divided into large and small rooms. South-facing door in the middle, round windows on the left and right. Looking up, it is an empty well, and you can see four layers of beams. This room was originally used by Wenchang Emperor, hence the name Wenchang Pavilion. It is said that Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan seven times, the East six times, Dongchangfu nine times and Guangyue Building five times. He has lived in Wenchang Pavilion for many times and composed three poems for Guangyuelou 13. Therefore, Wenchang Pavilion is also called "Qianlong Palace". On both sides of Wenchang Pavilion, there is a Tibetan couplet inscribed by Feng Zikai, a famous historian and calligrapher: "After the light falls, the wisdom of the working people is infinite; Yuejun Building is a great cultural relic of the motherland Yongchang. " On the second floor, under the four eaves, there are four wooden plaques, 3 meters long and 1.4 meters high. There is a plaque named "Shen Guangzhong" hanging under the eaves in the south, which was inscribed by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. The edge is decorated with dragon patterns, imperial seals and gold characters on a blue background. Hanging under the north eaves is the "Guangyue Building" inscribed by Guo Moruo 1974, a famous historian and archaeologist, to commemorate the 600th anniversary of the establishment of Guangyue Building, with black characters on a white background and magnificent momentum. There is a plaque of "Heping Pavilion" hanging under the eaves in the east, which was inscribed by Deng Zhongyue, the top scholar in Liaocheng in the 60th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (172 1). There is a plaque with black characters on a white background under the western eaves, which is the relief of historians in the Qing Dynasty. From the stairs on both sides of the second floor up 16 steps to the third floor. (You can add a black and white photo)

The third floor is the dark floor, which is actually the structural floor of the building. 12 Huang Jinzhu and 20 eaves columns from bottom to top are connected into a whole by means of cross bars and beams, which is more solid and stable, so the third floor is also the main frame of the building. This floor is five rooms wide and deep. The upper end between the golden column and the eaves column is a beam frame, which runs through the second floor, so there are only three floors of underground buildings. "Be careful of the room" means that the center of the building is an empty well with railings around it. There is a prominent rolling brake at the top of the cylinder. This example is consistent with the "architectural style" of the Song Dynasty. The eaves are connected with arches, beams intersect with columns, beams intersect with beams, and the structure is compact and dense, which fully embodies architecture, aesthetics, mechanics and technology in this building. From north to south, the third floor goes up 13 steps to the fourth floor.

The fourth floor is the highest floor of the building, with 28 columns, 3 in width and 3 in depth, and the plane is square, which is suddenly smaller than the following floors. The width of the bright room is 5.66 meters, which is larger than other floors. The purpose is to lengthen the transverse ridge, improve the center of gravity of Guangyue Building and make its appearance more magnificent. The open room has six windows, and the second room is equipped with round windows with ice patterns. There is an empty well in the middle, surrounded by railings. The roof is a cross roof, the lotus column is hung in the center of the roof, and eight inclined ridges are placed on three beams and corner beams respectively. The roof of the building is a Xieshan cross roof, and a flower-piercing iron gourd with a height of 3 meters and a diameter of 1.5 meters is installed in the center of the roof.

Attached to the cultural relics are seven stone tablets, 15 square horizontal wall tablet. Seven stone tablets surround the porch on the first floor, three of which are in the south, two in the east and two in the north. Among the seven stone tablets, there is a tablet of emperor Qianlong's imperial poetry. Among the six memorial halls rebuilt in Guangyuelou, Fu Yijian Shudan, the founding hero of the Qing Dynasty, and Yang Yizeng, the founder of Haiyuan Pavilion, each wrote a tablet of 1. 15 square wall pieces are embedded in the inner and outer walls around the first floor respectively. Except for rebuilding the three monuments of Guangyue Building, the rest are poems praising Guangyue Building.

Architectural features Although the Guangyue Building has been rebuilt several times, most of its building components are still the original objects when it was first built, basically maintaining its original appearance. It is an important relic in the early Ming Dynasty, and many places have retained the Song and Yuan styles. Formally speaking, the brick platform, double eaves and empty wells in the horizontal ridge still attack the legacy of pavilions and pavilions in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Details are based on columns. Since the early Ming Dynasty, the Nanjing Forbidden City has begun to use the ancient mirror style, but this building still uses the cover basin style since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. As far as the structure is concerned, the side angle of the column rises, the dark building of the building, the double-groove column array with the same height inside and outside, the sparse configuration of the bucket arch, and the non-widening of the bucket mouth of the stigma. They all inherited the traditional practices since the Tang and Song Dynasties, but at the same time they have some similarities with other buildings in the early Ming Dynasty, that is, they created an "official-style" building. Guangyue Tower is a representative building in the transition period from Song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties in ancient architectural history. At that time, it was of great scientific and artistic value to build such a tall pavilion without lifting equipment and relying entirely on manpower, whether in architectural design, structural method, civil technology or construction organization. For example, the building adopts the way of combining the main structure with the additional structure, in which the main body of the building consists of 32 internal and external groove columns, and the protective layer of the building consists of a veranda on the first floor and a flat seat on the second floor. Although the external structure is easy to be damaged, it is also easy to repair and replace. Although the veranda and terrace have been rebuilt many times, the main structure has not moved. For another example, there is an empty well in the center above the second floor, and the front and rear inner columns can't be crossed by beams, so huge angle beams and tic-tac-toe beams are used to overlap each other layer by layer and connect the front, rear, left and right. Through timber stacking, timber fastening, timber crossing and timber connection, a solid and stable whole is formed. Moreover, the shape of the building is unified and changeable, with many subtle and unique characteristics. For example, the treatment of four-story eaves is different. The first floor is spacious, the second floor is low, the third floor is far-reaching and the fourth floor is stretched. The whole body avoids mechanical oblique cutting straight lines, which makes people feel tall and beautiful.

The main building for the maintenance and protection of Guangyue Building is made of wood, but it can survive 600 years of wind and rain, which is not only because of its architectural reasons, but also the result of careful protection and maintenance by several generations. According to the records of stone inscriptions, Liaocheng County Records and Dongchang County Records, the Guangyue Building was renovated 1 1 times during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the government attached great importance to the protection of the Guangdong Building, which was repaired many times. Among them, there are two larger ones. 1May 1984 to1February 1985, the main building of Guangyue Building was completely restored, costing 450,000 yuan. The main parts of maintenance are: first, uncover and renovate all tile roofs, update all eaves tiles, replace all kanban boards and some eaves rafters, and re-manufacture and install the iron gourd treasure roof with flowers. The second is to replace, repair and correct the corridor columns and eight auxiliary columns on the first and second floors of the fourth floor, reinforce the eaves columns on the northeast, southeast and southwest corners of the second floor, pour the four-story hollow gold columns with chemical polymers, replace some beams and purlins, repair and replace most of the bucket arches, update some floors on the second and third floors, and repair all doors and windows. The third is to paint the whole building. Fourth, reproduce five plaques as they are, rebuild and add five stone tablets. This maintenance follows the principle of "maintaining the status quo and restoring the original state" and is carried out on the premise of not moving the original as much as possible. From March 1992 to March 1993+00, the foundation of Guangyue Building was strengthened and repaired. Its foundation was strengthened and maintained in 1967, but the method adopted at that time was to stick a layer of cement skin on the outer wall of brick foundation and the surface of platform. Although it has played a certain role in maintaining the foundation, it has seriously affected the overall style of the building. In addition, after more than 20 years of wind and rain erosion, serious cracks, peeling and water seepage have appeared in the cement skin. Therefore, with the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration and the allocation of special funds, the pedestal was completely repaired. Remove the cement skin from the base first, and then dig out the damaged part of the wall. Finally, the external wall is wrapped with 45×23× 10 cm Daqing brick, and the platform is paved with 50×50× 12 cm square brick. After the completion of the project, the pedestal of Guangyue Building was restored to its original appearance.

One of the scenic spots, Guangyue Building, is an ancient symbol of Liaocheng civilization. The local people have special feelings for the Guangzhou Building. During the Double Ninth Festival and the Spring Festival, urban and rural people will help the old and bring the young to the pavilion built in the air and enjoy the unique scenery of Luxi Plain. Looking from a distance, the scenery of the Central Plains is vivid; Looking down, the city walls and rivers and lakes are picturesque. In the feudal imperial examination era, all the local scholars, juren, scholar and champion had to climb the Guangyue Building to pay homage to the "Wenchang Emperor". Those who return home dressed in splendor prefer to climb the Guangdong Tower, drink in the breeze and reminisce about the past. Not only local people like Guangyue Building, but also foreign tourists are attracted by its majestic posture. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was the main artery of north-south traffic. Most emperors, generals and literati passing by along the river boarded this building, chanting the bright moon at the railing and composing poems and lyrics. Only Dongchangfu Annals, Liaocheng County Annals and existing inscriptions recorded 120 poems praising Guangyue Building. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Guangdong Building was highly valued by the state. Luo, Zheng, Qi Yingtao and other ancient architecture experts visited many times and spoke highly of them. Shu Tong, Qi Gong, Pu Jie, Guo Moruo and many other famous artists have inscribed plaques and couplets for Guangyuelou successively. Guangyue Building is a treasure in China's ancient architectural treasure house. 1956 was listed as the first batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units by Shandong provincial people's government, and 1988 was listed as the national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in June.