Tread on songs
Before the Mongols entered the Central Plains, the group dance of clans and tribes was popular in the form of singing around trees. It is recorded in the Secret History of Mongolia that Li Hututu (great-uncle of Genghis Khan) held a celebration when he became the leader of Hehan (tribe). "Celebration of Mongolia, Celebrating with a Dance Banquet" recommends that Li Hutu stab Khan, so he should "dance around the fluffy and lush trees and get knee-high dust". Dancing around trees or in a circle is the primitive form of nomadic dance. "In the lush shade, we danced and feasted, trampling on weeds and land" (see the whole Secret History of Mongolia for details). In ancient Mongolia, nomadic tribes lived in the form of "Cullen", each Cullen was round, with the tent of tribal leader in the middle and other families surrounded by layers, so they used to sing and dance in a circle and also liked to stomp their feet (Mongolian dance culture of Mojema). This dance form was still popular in the Yuan Dynasty when they entered the metropolis from the grassland. And in the magnificent hall of the court, there are also songs and dances at the banquet. "Dropping out of Farming Record" records: "The tail of antelope, the baby of leopard, the longevity cup drops jade liquid. Nine halls are warm and purple, and the songs are full of joy. " Until now, this form of impromptu tap dance has remained in the Mongolian folk "Diane". Although there are various legends, in terms of action characteristics, it comes down in one continuous line with step singing. Modegma's research thinks it is "Debulet's Step Dance".
Reverse tension
Daola (which means both singing and dancing in Mongolian) is closely related to Wanding Dance (Wan Ding's head dance) popular in Dulbert tribe in Inner Mongolia, chopsticks dance and a small handleless wine cup dance popular in Erdos area, and Buddhist dances such as lantern dance and Zhula dance. "Old News of Past Dynasties" once said: "There was a play called" Daola "in the Yuan Dynasty, which was called Song. Pipa, Huqin and Zheng are all played by one person and danced with porcelain lamps. " Wu Changyuan, a person in the Qing Dynasty, once pointed out that "Daola" was the title of the play in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and also quoted Lu Ciyun's "Man Fang Ting": "The left hand holds the pipa, the right hand holds the amber, the huqin leans against Qin Zheng, the ice string suddenly plays, and the jade finger suddenly rings. Sing to the polyphony and break the Qiuci song as a sideline. I pricked up my ears and felt sad, happy and hateful. The dancers are proud of their dancing, with double heads and lights burning on their heads. It's better to hear Hunan bamboo clapping. Returning to the air and rolling snow, shaking crimson candles is shocking, extremely sad, sincere in color and art, and four seats are at a loss. " From this vivid description, we can know that "Dora" is a beautiful and moving solo dance, and there are stunts, not only the lights overhead, but also the flute playing in the mouth. "Double Ou is divided into two parts, with lights on", which means that there are two bowls or lights on the table. Mongolian dance artist Mojiema concentrated the essence of the top bowl of Dulbert tribe and the small cup dance of Ordos, created the contemporary small cup dance, and reproduced the noble, dignified, elegant and beautiful style of ancient Mongolian women. In the performance, the three porcelain bowls seem to be parts that grow on the human body, with their heads connected to the bowls and their hands connected.
Bulake pheasant dance
This is an ancient folk dance popular among Buryat Mongolians. It imitates the movements and cries of black pheasants and dances. Dancers whistle or rattle with their tongues when dancing, and imitate the cock's cry to accompany them (history of Buryat Mongols).
Musical instruments, music and dance music
The musical instruments of the Yuan Dynasty not only included the Mongolian huqin and horn, but also absorbed the musical instruments of the Han nationality, such as, fu, beat and so on. The brick carving of the first year of Yuanyou unearthed in Quwo, Shanxi Province is a typical example. Mongolian music can be found in New Yuan History, Records of Rites and Music, and Records of Dropping out of Farming. These pieces of music are different from those of the Han nationality and have a strong Mongolian national color. Besides Daqu and Xiaoqu, there is also music from Xinjiang, the so-called "Uygur songs".
Christina na swan
Christina is an eagle with a white body, a red mouth and red claws. Being good at catching swans is the totem of Genghis Khan tribe. It is a very old custom for Mongols to fly Christina and take away swans, and music and dances reflecting this life have also been produced, which are called Hai Qing and Taking Away Swan. Yang Yunfu, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, described this pipa song in "Ode to the Scenery" as follows: "I love pipa, and I can't stop drinking when the moon is high." The new song turns to Liangzhou song, and the swan pops up to avoid the sea. "
According to the records of Zamusu in Inner Mongolia, the hunting song and dance "Haiqingna Swan" at the southern foot of Xing 'an Mountains is a small song and dance played by two people. It is said that the straight twist and small step forward of Mongolian dance are imitations of Hai Qing, which can be said to be the remains of Mongolian totem dance, which deserves attention.
White sparrow
Bai Lingque is a famous Chinese song in Yuan Dynasty. "Answering Han" is a Mongolian language, also known as "the lark plays with both hands". See "New Yuan History, Lezhi". Yang Weizhen's "Yuan Gong Ci" has a sentence "Biography of Jianguo Musical Instrument Store, Flying on Thirteen Strings" (Thirteen Strings are Zheng, which is a tune for ensemble). At first, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan ordered actors to compose music, which showed that the lark could control wild animals and drive away swans in the desert. The bird sings in unison, with a pleasant voice. The tune begins slowly and ends abruptly, showing the beautiful scenery of "Huang Yun white grass is fading" and "birds are lost", which is touching. This song is followed by dance music. Zhang Yu described the beauty and variety of Nuzhen dancers' dances in Bai Ling's Song of Birds: "Nuzhen girls dance in cassock, the ribbon of the group shirt is divided into two sides, the jade is slender, and the sleeves are twisted, which should be in harmony with the sound of birds."
"White Sands and Fine Music"-Don't miss the thank-you gift
This is the song and dance music of the Yuan Dynasty preserved in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province. According to legend, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1253), Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu went south, crossed the Dadu River and reached the Jinsha River. A Liang, the toast of Moho (Naxi) in Lijiang, expressed support for Kublai Khan and helped him enter Dali. When he left, Kublai Khan presented A Liang with ten chapters of music, musicians and scores. This is the origin of Baisha Xi music-don't miss the thank-you gift. Lijiang Chronicle records that Yuan Taizu (Kublai Khan) crossed the river with his leather bag on his back. According to legend, his music includes, Zheng and flute, and his tunes include Nanbei songs, Sanqu, a book and parasitic grass. It's called joy According to the investigation, the Naxi people who remained in Lijiang in the Yuan Dynasty became the classical music and dance of the Naxi people. Accompanied by dance, it used to be a large-scale divertimento with ten movements, but now there is only music "DuDu" (overture), the first chapter is "A Book", the second chapter is "Three Rivers at the Foot of Snow Mountain", the third chapter is "Beautiful White Clouds", and the fourth chapter is "Duoju" (that is, "Pool" is dance, "Kanchi" and "Kanchi" It is particularly noteworthy that the "Bailing Dance" (referred to as "Bailing Dance" for short) consists of two people dressed in black and white robes, girded up their waists, dressed as a pair of larks, dancing around the field with black and white fans in their hands, with lively tunes and beautiful and agile dances, which is quite a legacy of the Yuan Dynasty. This is intrinsically related to the white finch dance and the white finch dance that Jurchen maiko is good at. Chen once learned this dance from an old artist in Yunnan. Up to now, the Yuan Dynasty band pottery figurines are still preserved in Dali, Yunnan. Some of these terracotta figures can play tuba, some can play bamboo, and they all wear robes, boots, and some also wear hats.
Uygur songs
This is music from Xinjiang. The music of "Dropping out of Farming" says: Huihe has "black wood Dangdang" and "clear spring Dangdang". Ma Heimu Dangdang is probably the oldest music of Xinjiang Uygur people, Muqam. "Muqam" was called "Ma Heimu" at that time. Genghis Khan's western expedition made the east-west traffic unimpeded. Later, in the Yuan Dynasty (1264), Kublai Khan took control of the situation in Lingbei, and his influence extended to the Uighur area. Music and dance in the western regions and the frontier were very popular in the Yuan Dynasty. Muqam music and dance has become an important program in Kang baruch and Shangdu (Kaiping). So far, Xinjiang still retains the "Twelve Muqams". According to scholars' research, "Twelve Muqams" originated in southern Xinjiang and Hotan area.