1. Due to the important position and external influence of Chengdu and Chongqing in Sichuan, Sichuan dialect usually refers to Chengdu dialect, the southwest mandarin, represented by Chengdu dialect and Chongqing dialect.

2. It can also refer to Sichuan dialect, which is a general term for dialects popular in Sichuan and Chongqing.

Characteristics of Sichuan dialect:

As a branch of Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin has high internal consistency. As a part of southwest mandarin, Sichuan dialect has great internal consistency. Compared with Putonghua, it is also different in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.

There is a great degree of consistency. Nevertheless, as a local dialect, especially in view of the complexity of Sichuan's population source in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there are still more than 30 Hakka dialect islands and more than 40 Xiang dialect islands.

No, Sichuan dialect and Mandarin both show considerable differences.

Phonologically, taking Chengdu dialect as an example, the differences between Sichuan dialect and Putonghua are as follows: ① initials do not roll their tongues, and zh, ch, sh and R do not roll their tongues; Glottal and nasal dullness N and glossal root nasal dullness increased. Nasal n and lateral sound

L is a nasal edge sound, which sounds like a free variation of the two. ② There are no nasal vowels eng, ing, ueng, monosyllabic vowels e and -i, and no segmented vowel uo in vowels, which increases homophones.

Mother iai, compound vowel ue, compound vowel O. (3) No treble.

As far as Sichuan dialect is concerned, there are some differences in pronunciation. As far as tone is concerned, one third of the nearby counties and cities have independent intonation, and 20 counties and cities do not belong to the upper tone, but to the lower tone or the lower tone. But,

In these places (except Xichang and Mianning), the tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone are similar to those in Chengdu-Chongqing film, namely, Gao Pingtiao, middle-low falling tone, high falling tone, low rising tone or low falling tone.

As for the subtle differences, there are also many places. Limited to space, I won't say much here.

In word formation, compared with Putonghua, the significant difference of word formation is that nouns and verbs overlap, that is, nouns can overlap, but verbs generally cannot.

1, the overlapping of nouns. Most monosyllabic nouns and nominal morphemes in Sichuan dialect can overlap, and most of them overlap with the second word (more in eastern Sichuan than in western Sichuan). Overlapping types represent nicknames. There are several ways of non-overlapping type, such as single word, adding "zi" suffix, adding "er" suffix or Hua Er. The specific words vary from place to place. For example:

Xiao Cao Xiao chong Xiao chong Guo Guo Guo

Cave-caveman-everyone's mouth-mouth-mouth.

Some verb morphemes and adjective morphemes can also overlap to form nouns. For example:

Heavy (sediment) pumping (drawer)

Wrinkle (wrinkle) square (square block)

2. There are overlapping verbs in Mandarin, and most of them have the meaning of trying. In Sichuan dialect, verbs generally do not overlap, and verbs with "one" or "ha 'er" indicate an attempt or a short action. For example:

Take a look, take a look, take a look, haha.

Listen, listen, listen, haha.

Some regional verbs have the form of "A-A" and are used as predicates, adverbials or complements. For example:

He flew and ran.

My stomach is twisted with pain.

It is worth noting that the vivid forms of adjectives in Sichuan dialect are quite rich. Although Mandarin has the same word formation, there are far more such words in Sichuan dialect than Mandarin, and they are rich in meaning and strong in feelings, so they are used.

High frequency. This can be clearly felt in Sichuan opera, dialect works and local newspapers and periodicals. Monosyllabic or polysyllabic affixes can be added before and after the root of adjectives to form this vivid form and express different States or emotional colors. example

For example, "Fire"

Adding "Liu", "Xiao Liu", "Old" and "Old" before "Soft" and adding "Liu Liu", "Old" and "Rare" after "Soft" all indicate softness, but the degree is slightly different. The format of A+bb here is especially numerical.

It should be noted that (A stands for the central meaning, which can generally be independently formed into words, and bb is an overlapping suffix, indicating a certain state or emotional color):

①A is mostly an adjective morpheme, but it can also be a verb morpheme or a noun morpheme, and Abb is an adjective. For example:

Red Lala, black stinking Haloxylon ammodendron;

Turn the fork to hang, swing, flash and break the screen;

Feng owes a monkey his life.

② A considerable number of Abb adjectives can be converted into AbAb format, with a slightly lighter meaning than Abb adjectives. For example:

Swing/swing/crack/crack.

Haloxylon ammodendron/Haloxylon ammodendron swallowed slowly/slowly.

③ Most Abb formulas are composed of A+bb, but some of them can be considered as Ab overlapping B and Ab overlapping Aabb. For example:

Photogenesis/Photogenesis/Photogenesis

Stretch/stretch/stretch

Rigid/rigid/rigid.

There are also some Abb styles that have no corresponding Aabb styles. For example:

Very thick/thick/groggy.

④ The lexical meaning of morpheme A is very clear, and that of morpheme bb is very clear, such as "exhibition" and "rejection"; Some are displayed only after being combined with A, such as "raw" and "sieve". What combination of bb and a holds?

Syntactically speaking, there is a significant difference between Sichuan dialect and Putonghua in the composition of complement.

1. Words that can be directly followed by verbs and adjectives as degree complements (followed by "le") are quite rich and expressive. For example:

Very: very tired/fat/reading.

Miserable: I like miserable/comfortable miserable/hot miserable/square miserable/good miserable/bad miserable.

Ending: just like this/just like this/just like this/just like this/just like this/just like this/just like this/just like this/just like this.

2. After the verb, use "Dao", "Qi" and "Dao Qi" as complements, which is equivalent to the auxiliary word "Zhe" in Mandarin or use "Dao", "Le" and "Qi Qi" as complements. For example:

I fell asleep watching it. (belt)

You can buy this kind of cloth everywhere. (to)

Can't control that much. (now)

It is better to stand up and do it than to sit up and say it. (belt)

Go to sleep! (below)

Roll up your pants. (get up)

Sit up and say. (below)

I'll come as soon as you pour it. (belt)

To sum up, Sichuan dialect and Putonghua are both official dialects, but as local dialects, they still have many characteristics. The above is just a summary, and the more subtle differences are mainly reflected in vocabulary.

Extended data:

Sichuan dialect

Sichuan dialect, also known as Bashu dialect, belongs to southwest mandarin of Chinese. Today's Sichuan dialect was formed in the great migration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and it was gradually evolved and merged from Sichuan dialect popular before the Ming Dynasty and immigrant dialects in Huguang, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

Chengdu dialect is the standard pronunciation of Sichuan opera and various folk arts. At the same time, due to the high internal interoperability of Sichuan dialect, communication between dialect areas is barrier-free and there is no standard pronunciation.

Some linguists believe that Sichuan dialect is not the same as Sichuan dialect, because besides Sichuan dialect, there are other commonly used Chinese languages in Sichuan province, such as Tukan dialect (Hakka dialect) and Laohuguang dialect (Xiang dialect), which are distributed all over Sichuan in the form of dialect islands? . At the same time, there are a large number of users of Tibetan, Yi and Qiang languages in Sichuan Province. However, due to its strong position in Sichuan, Sichuan dialect is actually the lingua franca. Generally speaking, the users of Tukan dialect and Laohuguang dialect are also Sichuan dialect users, while some Tibetan Yi and Qiang areas, especially Kangding, Yajiang, Zhaojue, Marcand, Songpan and Danba, also use Sichuan dialect with similar accents.

Sichuanese love "counting jars", but they are especially fond of joking. If you come to the land of abundance for business and tourism; The most necessary thing is to know Sichuan dialect in case you "suffer a loss" and don't know it.

References:

Sichuan dialect-Baidu Encyclopedia Sichuan dialect highlights-Baidu Encyclopedia