Details are as follows:
Tomato is a warm vegetable. Under normal circumstances, the optimum temperature for assimilation is 20-25℃, and the optimum soil temperature for root growth is 20-22℃. Like light, the light saturation point is 70000lx, and the suitable light intensity is 30000-50000lx. It is also a short-day plant, and tomatoes like water. Generally, the soil humidity is 60-80% and the air humidity is 45-50%. The requirements for soil conditions are not strict, and fertile loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matter grows well. The optimum pH value of soil is pH6-7.
Cultivation techniques:
Temperature: From sowing to the appearance of the first real leaf (heartbreak). This period is 7-9 days at room temperature; Seedling stage refers to the period from the appearance of the first true leaf to the appearance of the first inflorescence. The suitable daytime temperature is 25-28℃, and the nighttime temperature is 13- 17℃. The ground temperature in this period has a great influence on the growth of seedlings, and the suitable ground temperature should be kept at 22-23℃; The first flowering and fruit-setting period refers to the period from the first inflorescence to fruit-setting.
Timing: Early-maturing cultivation in Qiandongnan Prefecture should be planted in the middle and late October of 165438+, and in other places it should be planted in the middle and late February of 65438+, sowing in the middle and late May, and autumn extension and late-maturing cultivation.
Soil: tomatoes can tolerate drought, but not waterlogging, and the requirements for soil are not very strict. In order to obtain high yield, soil with deep soil layer, loose fertility and strong water and fertilizer conservation ability must be selected.
Fertilization: after deep ploughing and harrowing, it will be opened into compartments with a width of 80cm, a height of 16-24cm and a width of 33cm, and two rows will be planted in each compartment.
Appropriate topdressing during tomato growth period, not partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, must be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, seedling-promoting fertilizer is applied after slow planting to promote the growth of stems and leaves. After the first ear fruit begins to swell, the second topdressing is needed to promote the fruit swelling, and the middle and late-maturing varieties need topdressing for 3-4 times after the first and second ear fruits are harvested. During fruit growth, foliar topdressing with 1.5% calcium superphosphate or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is beneficial to fruit ripening and increase yield.
Planting: timely planting, reasonable close planting, early-maturing cultivation in protected areas in spring, and planting in cold weather from late February to early March; Plastic film mulching cultivation in the open field was planted around March 20 when the weather was cold.
Pruning: Pruning, reaching the frame, and tying vines: Put a herringbone frame after the first ear fruit bears. There are two main pruning methods. One is to leave only the trunk and remove all the side branches (it is advisable to remove the side branches when they are 4-7 cm long), which is called single stem pruning; The other is to leave side branches under the first inflorescence except the trunk, and all other side branches are removed, which is called double trunk pruning. No matter which pruning method is adopted, attention should be paid to tying vines in time.
Flower protection: In order to prevent flowers from falling and fruits from falling, flowers can be dipped or painted with10-20 ppm2,4-d liquid medicine or sprayed with 20-30ppm tomato essence at flowering stage.
Harvest: pick the fruit at the right time. There are four stages of tomato ripening: green ripening, discoloration, ripening and full ripening. Storage and preservation can be harvested at green maturity. Transportation and sales can be picked during the discoloration period (1/3 fruits turn red). Local sales or self-consumption should be picked at maturity, that is, when the fruit turns red above 1/3. When picking, you should handle it with care, and it is best to pick it without fruit pedicle to prevent the fruits from stabbing each other during transportation. Before the first frost, if there are green fruits that can't be ripened, they should be harvested and stored in the greenhouse, and then listed after the fruits are ripe, which not only prolongs the supply period, but also increases the economic benefits. It is not suitable to use hormones to stimulate fruit coloring in the post-ripening period, and sell it in boxes after selection. Its advantages are not only reducing the production cost, improving the fruit quality, but also ensuring the food safety of consumers.