Chinese name: Buxus watercress: Plant kingdom: angiosperms: Dicotyledonous: Fragrant Leaves: Buxus: Buxus: Buxus watercress: morphological characteristics, distribution range, main value, cultivation techniques, Buxus, distribution and harm, occurrence regularity, comprehensive control, morphological characteristics of evergreen shrubs or small trees; Bark is gray and peeled regularly; Stems and branches have four edges; The outer scales of branchlets and winter buds have short hairs. The leaves are obovate or obovate, oblong to broadly elliptic, 1-3cm long and 7- 15mm wide, with fine hairs on the base of the main vein and petiole on the back. Flowers clustered in leaf axils or branches without petals; Male calyx lobes 4, 2-2.5 mm long; Stamens are twice as long as sepals; Female flowers are born at the top of the flower cluster, sepals 6, in two whorls; Style 3, stigma thick, ovary 3-loculed. Capsule is spherical, black when mature, and 3 valves split along ventricle. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is from May to July. Slow growth, pruning resistance, anti-pollution distribution from North China to South China and Southwest China. Major cities in the north warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area: Shenyang, Huludao, Dalian, Dandong, Anshan, Liaoyang, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Panjin, Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Linfen, Changzhi, Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, Tangshan, Handan, Xingtai, Chengde, Jinan, Dezhou, Yan 'an, Baoji and Tianshui. The main cities in the deciduous broad-leaved forest area in the southern warm zone: Qingdao, Yantai, Rizhao, Weihai, Jining, Taian, Zibo, Weifang, Zaozhuang, Linyi, Laiwu, Dongying, Xintai, Tengzhou, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Anyang, Xi 'an, Xianyang, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Huaibei, Bengbu and Hancheng. Major cities in deciduous, evergreen and broad-leaved mixed forest areas in the north subtropical zone: Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Anqing, Huainan, Xiangfan and Shiyan. Major cities in subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest area: Wuhan, Shashi, Huangshi, Yichang, Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang, Ji 'an, Jinggangshan, Ganzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang, Huaihua, Jishou, Changde, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Guilin, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo, Chongqing, Chengdu, Dujiangyan and Mianyang. Major cities in the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Guangzhou, Foshan, Shunde, Dongguan, Huizhou, Shantou, Taipei, Liuzhou, Guiping and Gejiu. The main values of boxwood watercress are ornamental value and garden use. Because of its dense branches and leaves, thick dark green leaves and luster, it can be used as a hedge, arranged as a flower bed or bonsai, or planted around lawns, buildings, roadsides or dotted with rocks. Boxwood is resistant to pruning, grows slowly, is not easy to lose shape after molding, and has a lasting tree potential. It is a good material for making tree-shaped bonsai and has great appreciation value. It has strong resistance to a variety of toxic gases and can purify the air. It is an important material for greening factories and mines. Cultivation techniques of Euonymus japonicus. Buxus macrophylla is the main pest of Buxus macrophylla. Larvae In recent years, with the introduction and popularization of Euonymus japonicus, Euonymus japonicus and other greening tree species, Euonymus japonicus broke out seriously in many places, causing great losses to greening work and polluting the urban environment. We should attach great importance to it, strengthen prevention and control and control its further spread. 1, adult: body length 14- 19 mm, wing spread 33-45 mm; The head is dark brown, and the scales between the antennae on the head are white; The antenna is brown; The beard of the lower lip is white at 1, white at the lower part of the second part, dark brown at the upper part and dark brown at the third part; The chest and abdomen are light brown, with brown scales on the chest and dark brown at the end of the abdomen; The wings are white and translucent, with purple flashes, and the front edge of the front wing is brown. There are two white dots in the middle room, one is very small and the other is bent into a crescent. There are brown stripes on the outer edge and the trailing edge, and the outer edge of the tail is dark brown. 2. Egg: ovoid, 0.8- 1.2 mm long, white to milky white at first hatching, and light brown before hatching. 3. Larvae: when mature, the body length is 42-6 mm and the head width is 3.7-4.5 mm; It is milky white when it is first hatched, and the head is dark brown and the trunk is yellow-green before pupation. Glossy polychroma and sparse burrs on the surface, with two big black spots on the chest and back, triangular; The dorsal line is green, the involucre line and the valve line are dark brown, the valve line is yellow-green, and the baseline and ventral line are light blue-gray; Chest and feet are dark yellow, and abdomen and feet are light yellow and green. 4. Pupa: spindle-shaped, brown, 24-26 mm long and 6-8 mm wide; There are 6 buttock spines at the end of the abdomen, which are made of silk leaves, and the cocoon is 25-27 mm long. The distribution and harm of Buxus buxus belong to LEPIDOPTERA and ladybug, which are widely distributed. In recent years, the occurrence and harm of the disease in our city have been increasing, and outbreaks have been reported in many parts of the country. It mainly harms Buxus plants, such as Buxus macrophylla, Buxus macrophylla, Buxus macrophylla, Buxus macrophylla and Buxus macrophylla, among which Buxus macrophylla and Buxus macrophylla suffer the most. The tender buds and leaves are eaten by larvae, and the leaves are often spun inside to feed. The damaged leaves are brown, and the damage rate of trees in serious streets is over 50%, even as high as 90%. During the outbreak, the leaves can be eaten up, resulting in the death of boxwood, affecting the city appearance and polluting the environment. Life history: The third generation of this insect was in Shandong in 1 year. The third generation of larvae overwinters in leaf bracts, start to move in mid-April of the following year, then start to pupate and emerge, and adults begin to appear in early May. The overwintering generations are neat, and there will be overlapping generations in the future. In June 5438+10, the third generation larvae began to overwinter. The average duration of each generation (except overwintering generation) is 9 days for eggs, 26 days for larvae, 8 days for pupae and 9 days for adults. Larvae is generally 5-6 years old, and overwintering generation is 9- 10 years old. 2. Main habits: Most adults emerge in the evening, mate the next day, and lay eggs the next day after mating. Most eggs are laid on the back of leaves or branches, and a few are scattered, with 3- 13 eggs per egg block and 0/23-219 eggs per female; Adults lie down during the day and come out at night. They often live in the shade during the day, have high vigilance, fly away quickly when disturbed, and come out to mate and lay eggs at night, which is phototactic. After hatching, the larvae spread out to look for young leaves to eat, and the newly hatched larvae feed on the back of leaves, which harms mesophyll; 2-3 instar larvae spin silk to weave leaves and twigs into nests, and feed on damaged leaves in the nests, which shows a lack of carving. After the 3rd instar, the feeding range is enlarged, the food intake is increased, and the harm is aggravated. The severely damaged plants are only silk screen, molting, insect dung and a small amount of leaf edges. Larvae feed day and night, and transfer after 4th instar. She is very alert. When she is disturbed, she will immediately hide in the nest. When she is mature, she spins silk and ties leaves together to make cocoons and pupae. Buxus macrophylla is a dangerous garden pest with increasingly serious harm, and it is a malignant pest on Buxus macrophylla plants, so attention should be paid to its control. It is necessary to implement the policy of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention, do a good job in quarantine, pay attention to manual prevention and control, and use drugs in a timely and rational manner. 1. Strengthen quarantine: The host of this insect is limited to Buxus buxus, and the flying ability of adults is weak. Long-distance transmission mainly depends on manual seedling transportation. Therefore, doing quarantine work well to prevent pests from spreading with seedling transportation can effectively control the spread of this pest. 2. Artificial control: (1) Removing litter and destroying overwintering cocoons in winter can effectively reduce the insect source in the second year. (2) Using its nesting habit, the insect nest can be removed in time in the first generation, and the cocoon can be removed in the pupation stage, and the harm can be greatly reduced in that year. (3) Using the phototaxis of adults to trap and kill: during the adult occurrence period, the adults are trapped and killed by light under street lamps around Buxus plants, or by setting black light lamps in the green space where Buxus plants are concentrated. 3. Rational drug use: Drug control is still an important emergency measure to control the insect. Do a good job in pest prediction and use drugs in time. The key period of drug control is the emergence period of overwintering larvae and the young age of 1 generation larvae. Organophosphorus pesticides such as 20% mirex EC 2000 times solution, 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2000 times solution and 2.5% Dimethyl Carbaryl EC 2000 times solution can be used. Can also promote some low toxicity, pollution-free pesticides and biological pesticides, such as avermectin, BT emulsion and so on. Spraying should be thorough, and the lower blade should not be missed. 4. Protection and utilization of natural enemies: protection and utilization of natural enemies such as parasitic vipers, jumping bees, bacteria and parasitic flies; Or artificial breeding and release in concentrated areas can effectively control its harm.