Jiang Yan was born in the Southern Song Dynasty and became famous for his articles when he was young. He served as an official in Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty and Liang Dynasty all his life. In his later years, he still served as a senior official of Qi Liang, but the quality of his works was not as good as before, which was considered to be caused by the decline of talent. Therefore, the world said that he was "exhausted by Jiang Lang", which has been spread to the literary world.
Jiang Yan was not very successful in his early career. In the second year of Taishi (466), Jiang Yan was transferred to the screen of Jianping Wang Liu. Jiang was implicated by Guo Yan of Guangling, and was framed and imprisoned for accepting bribes. He was released from prison for writing a letter. Liu planned rebellion, and Jiang Yan remonstrated with him many times. Liu refused to accept it and demoted Jiang Yan to Jian 'an County (now Pucheng, Fujian). Rough experience makes a master of literature. Jiang Yan, in the ups and downs, appealed to the pen with infinite feelings, and the wonderful pen was amazing. Many of Jiang Yan's representative works were written during his demotion. Jiang Yan's outstanding literary achievements are embodied in his ci and fu. He is a famous poet in the Southern Dynasties, as well as Bao Zhao. It seems that the development of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties has reached its peak. Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu" and "Bie Fu" and Bao Zhao's "Wu Cheng Fu" and "Dancing Crane Fu" can be said to be the swan songs of the Southern Dynasties.
Jiang Yan is also a great parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties, and one of the most accomplished parallel prose writers in the Southern Dynasties, with the same fame as Bao Zhao, Liu Jun and Xu Ling. The most famous book he wrote to Liu in prison was Yi Jianping's Letter to the King. The article is enthusiastic, neither supercilious nor supercilious, and the true feelings are revealed between the lines. Liu, the king of Jianping, read Jiang Yan's letter and was deeply moved. He immediately released him. In addition, Jiang Yan's Letter to Yuan Shuming and On Making Friends were both masterpieces at that time.
Jiang Dan, Jiang Yan's grandfather, Danyang county magistrate.
Jiang Kangzhi, the father of Jiang Yan, is a magistrate of Nansha County, elegant and talented.
Jiang Kui's son, Jiang Lou, inherited his title after his death.
Cai Jun, daughter of Jiang Yan, wife of Xiao Dan. Cai Jun is her word, and her name is unknown.
Sobudan of Jiangyan and his father, the capital of Jiang Kang, served as county magistrate in the Southern Song Dynasty. Jiang Yan could write poetry at the age of six. His father died at the age of thirteen, and his family was poor. He supports his mother by chopping wood, but he is very studious, worships Sima Xiangru and Hongliang, and likes to learn to write articles. Jiang Yan began to be an official in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, and was the first small official to engage in "Southern Xuzhou". At that time, "engaged in" was a subordinate official personally appointed by the local county magistrate, which was probably equivalent to the current assistant. Such an official position does not have a high rank and treatment. In fact, it is not a formal official of the imperial court, but it can be close to those in power. Then he was transferred to "please work for the court", which is also an official position similar to that of an entourage. The key lies in the master he follows. In the second year of Taishi (466), Jiang Yan followed Jianping Wang Liu in Nanyanzhou. Liu is a prince who likes to make friends with scholars. Jiang Yan's career seems promising.
Soon, Ling Guo of Guangling County was found guilty. During the trial, he implicated Jiang Yan and lied that Jiang Yan took bribes, so Jiang Yan was convicted and imprisoned. In prison, Jiang Yan wrote to Liu to tell his grievances. In his complaint, he said, "Xiaguan was an ordinary civilian in cloth. He admired Wang Ye's benevolence and righteousness, so he came to Wang Ye as a subordinate. Your majesty treats me as a national standard, and I always try to serve my country. Unexpectedly, I was ruined by a little man. This kind of thing is inevitable for ancient sages, besides, I am an ordinary person. If I'm really guilty, I should be punished, but at that moment in Tomb-Sweeping Day, I was wronged for not applying. I hope your majesty can find out. " After reading the book, Liu released Jiang Yan on the same day. Later, Jiang Yan followed Liu to Jingzhou.
In the first year of Yu Tai (472), the deposed emperor Liu Yu succeeded to the throne at the age of ten. However, the emperor was cruel and moody, and after he ascended the throne, he was even out of control, and even often killed innocent people by himself. When Liu was in power, he advised him to rise up and rebel. Jiang Yan disapproved of the rebellion and repeatedly persuaded: "The rumor caused trouble, so the second uncle died together; When a grudge arrives at the bureau, all seven countries will die. Your Highness didn't ask for the peace of the country, but only listened to the plan of the left and right, and then he saw the elk frost dew in Gusutai. However, Liu did not adopt the suggestion, but stepped up planning day and night. Knowing that things were just around the corner, Jiang Yan wrote fifteen poems by Xiao Ruan and gave them to Liu for persuasion, but it was useless.
In the second year of Hui Yuan (474), Lu Cheng, the prefect of the East China Sea, was in mourning at home and could not participate in politics. At that time, Jiang Yan's position was to join the army in the town and concurrently serve as a county official in the South East China Sea. Jiang Yan wanted to be a county magistrate, and Liu sent a man named Sima. Jiang Yan's repeated requests angered Liu, so he was demoted to Jian 'an County (now Pucheng County, Fujian Province). In the autumn of AD 4 (476), Liu Zaijian Kang revolted and was soon put down. Everyone who conspired with Liu was killed, and only Jiang Yan was dismissed from his post. Therefore, after working as a county magistrate in Xing Wu for three years, Jiang Yan left the Liu and Song court to work for the people.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty (477), Shun Di, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, heard about Jiang Yan's literary talent, so Jiang Yan became an official and was awarded the post of Shangshu and a title of generals in ancient times as a military commander. At that time, the court was assisted by Xiao Daocheng, and Jiang Yan soon met the rebellion of Shen Youzhi, the secretariat of Jingzhou. Xiao Daocheng asked him what countermeasures he had. Jiang Yan said that Liu Bang and Cao Cao were able to defeat the strong with the weak because they were morally stronger than Fang. Jiang Yan also specifically analyzed five factors that Xiao Daocheng will win and Shen You will lose: "The master's martial arts has a trick, one wins and one loses; Tolerance and kindness, win-win; Virtuous, win-win; Return of popularity, four wins; In favor of Tian Zi, five wins will kill the rebellion. Shen Youzhi's ambition is sharp and small, and he is defeated; Power without grace, two defeats; The foot soldiers collapsed and lost three times; If you don't care, you will lose four times; Hanging soldiers for thousands of miles, no evil, five defeats. " Xiao Daocheng appreciated his analysis, so Jiang Yan was reused.
In the third year of Ming Dynasty (479), Song and Liu Zhun Zen Temple was established in, which was established in the Southern Dynasty. In the early years of Jianyuan in 479, Jiang Yan served as secretary of Wang (equivalent to the current secretary) and county magistrate, and participated in drafting imperial edicts, laws and writing national history. Soon he was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu and officially entered the political core of Qi State. The imperial edict written by Xiao Daocheng, the Emperor of Qi, was written by Jiang Yan. Since then, Jiang Yan's career has been flat and she has been promoted all the way. In the early years of Qi Yongming (483), he was promoted to General Xiaoqi, and he still participated in compiling national history. Later, he served as general Jianwu and went to the local area to serve as the civil history of Luling. Yongming worked as a local official for three years, and was replaced as a general in four years (486). The court ordered Jiang Yan to compose music, but Jiang Yan did not follow the two chapters of "Song of Sacrificing Farmers to Meet the Gods" and "Song of the Gods" by Hu and Fu Xuan. Later, Jiang Yan also served as Zuo Cheng, a senior minister, Dr. Guo Zi and Shi Yu Zhongcheng.
When Emperor Xiao Luan of Qi Ming was prime minister, he said to Cheng Jiangyan, an imperial envoy: "When you are a minister, you are not reckless in anything except business, but you can compromise between official leniency and official fierceness;" Now I'm Zhong Cheng, enough to shock many bureaucrats. "Jiang Yan replied:" Today's things can be described as the way to be an official, and I am even more afraid that I will be poor and ignorant. "So Jiang Yan impeached the secretariat, Wang Jin, Stuart Zuo Changshi, and the praetorian guard chief, and he did not expect Shanling's official duties for a long time; Before impeachment, Liu Yong, the secretariat of Yizhou, and Zhi Bo, the secretariat of Liangzhou, took bribes and immediately detained Ting Wei for crimes. There are also Shen Zhaolve, the magistrate of Linhai, and Yu, the magistrate of Yongjia, as well as many county officials in Shishi and Daxian in 2000 who were impeached. Jiang Yan impeached many central and local officials, which made the court's discipline shine brilliantly, and it was awe-inspiring at home and abroad. Xiao Luan, Emperor of Qi Ming, praised Jiang Yan, saying, "Since Liu and Song Dynasties, there has never been a court that strictly ruled officials. Now you can say that you are the only one. "
After Emperor Qi Ming ascended the throne (494), Jiang Yan also had a constant career, first as the king of Linhai, and soon transferred to the court (the official in charge of punishment) and Guizhi (an ancient official). Later, he was promoted to be the top scholar's regular servant and assistant general, and served as the prefect of Xuancheng for four years. Later, he returned to China to serve as assistant minister of Huangmen, captain of infantry and secretary supervisor. At the beginning of the Qi Dynasty, the court ordered Jiang Yan to reform the movement of "Song Fenghuang wrote poems with books".
In the second year of Qi Yongyuan in the Southern Dynasty (500 years), Xiao Baojuan was dissolute and Cui Qibing besieged Jiankang. Many officials and gentry in the city were holding business cards and pleading with Cui wholeheartedly, but Jiang Yan lied that he was sick. After the rebellion was put down, the world admired Jiang Yan's foresight. During this year, Jiang Yan served as the director of the Board of Directors and Wei Wei, and said, "This is not my job. Passers-by all know that I take an empty name. And the weather and people, found when the car overturned. Confucius said, "A literate person must be prepared for war." What is there to worry about? "
In the third year of Yongyuan (50 1), Dong Hunhou killed the hero of the rebel army, which led his younger brother to send troops to attack Jiankang and established a new ruler, Qi and Emperor Xiao Baorong. This year, Jiang Yan was transferred to the official department of Shangshu. Later, Xiao Yan led the troops to Xinlin (now southwest of Nanjing, Jiangsu). Noble bureaucrats don't think highly of Xiao Yan, and everyone doesn't care. Jiang Yan had expected that the regime would change soon, so he took off his official clothes and secretly went to Xiao Yan. Xiao Yan was awarded the title of champion general and secretary supervisor, and soon Si Tuleideng left the long river of history.
In the first year of the Southern Liang Dynasty (502), Qi and Emperor were forced to give way, and the Liang Dynasty was established. Jiang Yan was an official in Liang Dynasty and had a long history of moving to Guo Xiang. This is Jiang Yan's third time as an official. This time, his official positions were Shi San Chang and General Zuo Wei, and he was named the founder of Linju County with 400 food cities. Jiang Yan said to his children, "I used to be a poor official, not seeking wealth, but now I steal things, that's all." Also be prepared for what you have said in your life. Eat and drink enough to get rich. My fame and fortune have been established, and I miss back in the game. "In the same year, due to illness, Dr. Jin Guanglu moved to Liling Hou. At this time, Jiang Yan became famous and satisfied.
In 505, Jiang drowned at the age of 62. Liang Wudi Xiao Yan paid tribute to him in plain clothes, and he was posthumously named "Xianbo". Jiang Yan was buried in Jiang Mu Store (now Nanyue Village, Litang, Minquan County). Jiang Yan's son, Jiang Yan, inherited the title of Great Wall. In the fourth year of Heiping (523), Xiao Yan remembered Jiang Yan's achievements and made Jiang Kewu a regular wave.
Jiang Yan is famous for his poetry and prose, and some of his essays have been handed down to this day, among which Fu is the most praised by the world. In addition, Jiang Yan also participated in the compilation of the history of Southern Qi, so he also wrote history books.
According to the preface, there are ten volumes of Jiang Yan's works, which are the records of Jiang Yan's assistant minister Ren Zhongshu in the Southern Dynasties. According to "Biography of Liang Shu Jiangyan", "Every author wrote more than 100 articles, which were written by himself as" Before "and" After ".We can see that he later published many works and compiled them into two sets. Records of Sui Shu's Classics and Records record: "There are nine volumes of Jiang Yan and ten volumes of Postscript of Jiang Yan. "May be in the sui dynasty, the previous episode has lost a roll. However, the old book of the Tang Dynasty records that "there are ten volumes before Jiang Yan and ten volumes after Jiang Yan" (the new book of the Tang Dynasty is similar to this), but it has one more volume than the Sui Dynasty, which may be a lost volume or another supplementary volume. After the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded in ten volumes.
The existing Collected Works of Jiang Yan is no longer Jiang Yan Ji and Jiang Yan Postscript recorded by Sui Shu, and there are three different versions:
Collected Works of Jiang Yan, compiled in Sikuquanshu, is based on Wang Shixian and Zhang Pu's editions in Ming Dynasty and Tang Bin's notes in Suizhou during Qianlong period in Qing Dynasty, with a total of four volumes.
"Collected Works of Jiang Yan" is made up of four series, which are photocopies of the Miyun Building in Jiangjia, Wucheng in Ming Dynasty, with a total of ten volumes.
During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Jiang Yun published Liling Collection, a total of ten volumes.
Most of the existing works were made by Jiang Yan before Emperor Yongming of Qi (483 -493), and these works were included in the Collected Works compiled by Jiang Yan himself when he was an assistant minister in Ren Zhongxue, Southern Qi Dynasty, that is, the Former Collection of Jiang Yan. Since then, the works have been lost after the Tang Dynasty, and the specific reasons cannot be verified. Modern scholar Cao Daoheng believes that the poor quality of Jiang Yan's later works is the reason.
Hate fu
Biefu
Sad love and son fu
nothing is more lamentable than the death of the mind
Four seasons fu
teacher
Dansha Xuekefu
Thirty miscellaneous poems
Letter to Jianping Wang in prison
Biography of Yuan Youren
Ten Records of Qi History (lost)
In the early years of Southern Qi Dynasty, Jiang Yan was ordered to study history and completed the Style of Qi History and Ten Records of Qi History. Liu Zhiji in the Tang Dynasty said in Shi Tong that Jiang Yan thought that "history is difficult and there is no ambition", so he "made ten ambitions first to see his talents". Ten Records of Qi History has been lost, but Xiao Zixian's South Shu Qi generally inherits the style of Qi History, and Jiang Yan's Ten Records of Qi History is also one of the historical sources of Xiao Shu.
Jiang Yan is the most outstanding in Ci and Fu, and he is also known as the master of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties with Bao Zhao. The development of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties to "Jiangyan Bao Zhao" can be said to be the pinnacle. Jiang Yan's ci and fu are lyrical and good at describing people's psychology. Jiang Yan's most famous ode to hate others, Bao Zhao's ode to Wucheng and the ode to dancing cranes are also called the swan song of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties. In addition, his works, such as Homecoming Fu, Moss Fu and Thinking of the North in the South of the Yangtze River, express his frustration and homesickness when he was demoted to Jian 'an.
Jiang Yan was also a great parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties, as well as Bao Zhao, Xu Ling and Liu Yun, among which Jiang Yan's Letter to Liu in Prison was the most famous. The article is impassioned, cadence, neither supercilious nor supercilious, and reveals true feelings between the lines. In addition, Jiang Yan's Letter to Yuan Shuming and On Making Friends were both masterpieces at that time.
Although Jiang Yan's poems are not as good as his ci fu and parallel prose, they are also many excellent works, which are characterized by far-reaching interest, especially in Qi and Liang Dynasties, especially "Crossing Spring to the Top of the Mountain", "Xianyang Pavilion" and "Traveling to the Yellow Berry Mountain". Jiang Yan's poetry is characterized by being good at archaizing and resembling, which can be confused with the truth. Jiang Yan was diligent in studying the works of the ancients, which made him get rid of some gorgeous styles and wrote many vigorous and powerful poems. Therefore, Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, said in his poem that Jiang Yan was "good at imitation".
Although Jiang Yan's poetry achievements are not as good as his ci fu and parallel prose, there are also many excellent works, which are characterized by far-reaching interest, especially between Qi and Liang Dynasties. Being good at imitating the past is a prominent feature of Jiang Yan's poems. It seems so, but it can be confused. Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, said that Jiang Yan was "good at imitation" in poetry. Jiang Yan studied the works of the ancients hard, which really made him get rid of some beautiful styles and wrote many energetic poems in the flow.
Some of Jiang Yan's poems are Yuefu songs. Although Jiang Yan's Yuefu Ci can't outshine others in the Southern Dynasties, it can be regarded as a masterpiece. After middle age, Jiang Yan's official career flourished, but the peak of his official career created the low tide of his creation. The rich and comfortable environment has reduced his talent. By the late Emperor Qi Yongming, there were not many masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, so there was the saying that "Jiang Lang was exhausted".
In the first year of Song and Ming Dynasties (477), Emperor Gao of Qi came to power, recalled Jiang Yan, and was appointed as the minister of unified army and general of a title of generals in ancient times, which was highly valued. On behalf of the Song Dynasty, Xiao Daocheng stood on his own feet, and Jiang Yan was appointed as a title of generals in ancient times, taking command of the East, and moved to Ren Zhongshu as assistant minister and Emperor Qi Yongming, where he served as a civil servant in Luling, a senior minister and a doctor. Small acceded to the throne, Jiang Yan was appointed as the suggestion. When Ming Di was in Xiao Luan, he was appointed as the magistrate and secretary supervisor of Xuancheng. After Xiao Yan of Liang Wudi was recruited, he became the official doctor of Guanglu and was appointed as the Hou of Liling. Yao Silian, author of Liang Shu: "Jiang Yan and Ren Fang, with their literary talent, were great at that time."
Sui Shu by Wei Zhi: Jiyang Jiangyan, Wu Jun Shen Yue, Lean Ren Fang, etc. Learn from the poor bookshop and value human nature. Its color is gloomy in the clouds and its voice echoes in the stones. "
"Wen Xin Diao Long" records: "Words must be elegant, meaning soft, and all belong to this category. If Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu" and Kong Guizhi's "Beishan Wen Yi" are the same. "
Zhong Rong, the author of Biography of Poems, said: "Wentong's poems are always miscellaneous, good at imitation, stronger than Wang Wei, and made in Xie Tiao."
Xiao Yi, the author of Jin Lou Zi, said: "Kong Guangjiang was an outstanding figure at that time."
Wang Shizhen, the author of "On the Red Monument", said: "The predecessors were nothing more than Lu Ji and Jiang Yan. Feng Banyun:' Jiang and Lu imitate ancient poems, such as killing tigers and birds and giving birth to dragons. They are anxious to wrestle with them, and they know their enemies with great enthusiasm. People nowadays imitate the past, like a bed on a bed, but they are afraid of it and can't catch it. "This theory is good. "
Feng Ban, the author of Miscellanies of Blunt Songs, said: "Lu imitated ancient poems, while Jiang Yan imitated 30 ancient poems. For example, if you kill tigers and catch dragons, you are eager to compare with them, and your strength is endless, and you know your enemies. Nowadays, people write poems like beds, but they are afraid of all kinds of things. The predecessors' poems often only take the general idea, not as good as Jiang and Lu. "
Lu Jiugao, the author of The Origin of Poetics, said: "Liang unified, He Xun, Fan Li, Jiang Yan, Wu Yun rose at the same time."