Banana is a kind of beneficial fruit rich in starch, which can be planted in tropical areas in spring, summer and autumn. It is usually planted in February, June and August, and can be harvested in the second half of the year. Planting takes 9- 1 1 month. Bananas are sweet and cold, which can clear away heat and moisten intestines and promote gastrointestinal peristalsis. It is one of the important fruits in tropical and subtropical regions.

1. growth period

Newly planted bananas generally take 9- 1 1 month (40-48 weeks) to mature, and perennial bananas can be harvested as short as 6 months. Generally, fertilizer and water management is carried out according to market orders, and the growth and harvest time are adjusted. Newly planted bananas refer to the sucking buds planted in the field for the first time, and the sucking buds that continue to grow on the bulbs of newly planted bananas are called perennial bananas. The growth cycle of newly planted bananas can be divided into four parts:

(1) seedling stage

It takes 2 ~ 3 months from bud absorption to big leaf extraction, mainly to increase leaf area and form bulbs and roots. From relying on the mother plant to absorbing nutrients from the soil, the growth of plants in this period is not large.

⑵ vegetative growth period

It takes about 5 ~ 6 months from the beginning of extracting big leaves to flower bud differentiation, which is the vegetative growth period of bananas. The number and area of leaves increased rapidly, accumulating a lot of nutrients, laying the foundation for flower bud differentiation.

(3) Germination stage

It takes about 3 ~ 4 months from flower bud differentiation to bud emergence. The petiole becomes thicker, the leaf spacing becomes denser, and the false stem (banana body) becomes larger, which is called "pregnancy" by the masses. At this stage, the female flower differentiation is completed, the male flower begins to differentiate, the flower and young fruit develop at the same time, and finally the new leaf growth enters the final stage, and the leaf area decreases.

(4) the fruit is mature.

The differentiation of male and female flowers is not completed until the fruit is fully mature. At this stage, the fruit expands rapidly, the nutrients in the plant transfer to the fruit, the lower leaves turn yellow rapidly, the growth is weakened and gradually aging. After the fruit is harvested, the above-ground part is generally cut off, and the sucking buds extracted from the underground stem of the mother plant continue the offspring and start a new growth cycle.

2. Planting area and planting time

Bananas in China are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Yunnan and Hainan, with a small amount planted in Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing. Guangdong mainly produces Zhanjiang, Maoming, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Guangzhou and Chaozhou. Guangxi mainly produces Lingshan, Pubei, Yulin, Nanning and Qinzhou, while Fujian is mainly concentrated in Zhangpu, Pinghe, Nanjing, Changtai, Zhaoan, Hua 'an, Xiao Yun, Longhai, Xiamen, Nan 'an, Putian and Xianyou. Taiwan Province Province mainly produces bananas in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, followed by Taichung and Taitung.

Banana planting time varies with local climatic conditions. It can be planted in Guangxi in spring, summer and autumn except in winter. Because the temperature in 1 month is still very low, spring planting will not be carried out until mid-February. At this time, the temperature gradually rises. As long as sufficient basic fertilizer is applied and sufficient root water is sprayed, the survival rate after planting is high and the growth recovery is fast. If the fertilizer and water are properly managed during the storm, it can be harvested in June 5438+February of that year. It is better to plant in the middle of June in summer, and the seedlings are small and strong red bamboo shoots unearthed in May, with 1-3 leaf age and a height of about 1 ft. After planting, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to make the plants grow to middle youth before winter. After overwintering, there are more than 10 leaves, which can germinate in May-June and bear fruit in August-September of the following year. Autumn planting should be carried out from late August to mid-September. At this time, the high temperature period is basically over, the temperature is moderate, the rainy season is still there, the rainfall is abundant and even, and the growth will resume soon after planting. There are still two months of growing season before the cold winter, so it is easier to overwinter safely when it is tied. In the second year, after the warm spring, it grows rapidly, and the buds can blossom and bear fruit in June-August.