Qu Yuan, Du Fu, Su Shi, Cao Xueqin.

1, Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC): Pingming, a native of Zigui (now Hubei) at the end of the Warring States Period, was born in Changde, Hunan Province, a noble of Chu State. He was a left-hander in Chu Huaiwang and a doctor in San Lv, but his ideal failed and he had no choice but to serve the country. He was banished to Yuan and Xiang Ershui, Hunan Province, and finally died. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic intellectual, a progressive politician and a simple materialist thinker. He is the earliest professional poet in China, the father of China literature, the saint of classical literature, the founder of Jingchu literature and even southern literature, the representative of pre-Qin literature, the main writer of Chuci, and the founder of positive romantic poetry in the history of China literature. He absorbed the rich nutrition of folk literature and working people, created a new form of poetry-"Sao style", melted myths and legends with beautiful language and infinite imagination, and wrote many magnificent and colorful glorious poems. Li Sao (2400 words), his representative work, is a long political lyric poem forged by life, spirit and talent, which, together with the 300 northern poems in The Book of Songs, are called the two major traditions of China ancient literature. There are other famous works, such as Nine Chapters, Nine Songs and Tian Wen. Qu Yuan's character, behavior, thoughts and works have great influence on later generations. Lu Xun called him an "outstanding figure" and "influenced even more than 300 articles in later generations".

2. Du Fu (7 12—770): Beautiful word, who tried to call himself Shaoling Ye Lao, was born in the transitional period between the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the middle Tang Dynasty. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he moved to Gongxian (now Henan). The grandson of the poet Du Shen Yan. At the beginning, he was not the top scholar, so he wandered around. Later, he lived in Chang 'an and became a small official. During the "An Shi Rebellion", he received an audience with the emperor and was assisted by Zuo Fu. After abandoning the official and heading west, he went to Guanlong, visited and lived in the same valley, and finally moved to Chengdu to build a thatched cottage. He was an aide to the Du Gongbu era. In his later years, he took his family out of Shu, moved to Hubei and Hunan, and died on his way to Chenzhou. However, his ambition of "being a gentleman first, then being simple in folk customs" has not been satisfied. Du Fu is a great realistic patriotic poet. China's ancient literature flourished with poetry, which flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Li (Bai) Du (Fu) Bai (Juyi) achieved the greatest success, and Du Fu was the first master and main representative of China's classical poetry. His works are known as "the history of poetry" because they truly, profoundly, extensively and vividly reflect the social reality of the prosperity and decline of the Tang Dynasty. He inherited and carried forward the excellent realistic literary tradition of The Book of Songs. Good at using various forms of poetry, skilled and comprehensive (especially good at ancient style and metrical poetry); The style is changeable, the language is refined, gloomy, profound and heavy, and it has a high expression ability. Representative works include Three Officials, Three Farewells, From Beijing to Fengxian, Singing 500 Words, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Spring Hope, Second Road, etc.

3. Su Shi (1037 ——101year): Zi Zhan, claiming to be a Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan (now Sichuan) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a minister of rites. Because of his "know-how", he was demoted to Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou, Huangzhou, Huizhou, Qiongzhou, Changzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and Danzhou for countless times, which was perhaps one of the most frequently demoted officials and literati in ancient China. He is knowledgeable, talented, honest and frank, and lags behind in winning prizes and making speeches. Although he is politically conservative, he often calls for reform. Su Shi, together with his fathers Su Xun and Su Zhe, enjoys a literary title, which is called "Three Sus" in the world, and Su Shi is the highest. Su Shi is an outstanding writer and artist in the history of China. His talents and achievements in various fields of literature and art are comprehensive and exquisite, which is rare in the world. In prose, he and Han Yu tied for the top of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", which is one of the two peaks in the history of ancient prose in China. The Song Dynasty was comparable to Ouyang Xiu's, and his masterpieces included Fu on the Red Wall and Collection of Shi Zhongshan, which were flowing, beautiful and smooth, fresh and concise. In terms of Ci, he is the greatest poet in the history of China ancient literature, the founder and representative of the "uninhibited school", as well as Xin Qiji. Representative works include When is the Bright Moon, Nian Nu Jiao Don't Return to the River, etc., which broke through the old tradition since the Five Dynasties, improved the artistic conception, expanded the theme, and had a bold and bold style and great influence. In terms of poetry, he is very skilled in all aspects, especially the seven-character verse, which is simple and beautiful and has his own family. He is as famous as Huang Tingjian in the literary world of the Song Dynasty. He has also made great achievements in calligraphy and painting. He is good at regular script, can draw bamboo and stone, and has theory outside his creation. He and Mi Fei and others are called "Song Sijia". /p-1146349882708.html4. Cao Xueqin (? -1763): Zhan Ming, Chinese, Manchu (actually Han nationality, later ancestors became slaves of Manchu), a native of Gyeonggi in Qing Dynasty, originally from Feng Run, Hebei Province. His ancestors entered the customs with the Qing soldiers and were favored by the court and became prominent nobles; Since the great-grandfather, three generations have inherited Jiangning (now Nanjing) weaving; Grandfather Cao Yin was a favorite of Kangxi and a "celebrity" at that time. His poems and calligraphy are very famous, and the famous "All Tang Poems" was published by him, which was greatly influenced by his family background. In the early years of Yongzheng, his father was convicted of something and his family property was lost; The next year, the whole family moved back to Beijing, and since then, they have experienced great changes and are deeply touched. Later, I lived in the western suburbs of Beijing and "ate porridge with my family". I was poor and sick, and I was less than 50 years old. His masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions was written in his miserable old age. It is "read for ten years, add and delete five times" and "every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary". Cao Xueqin is the greatest novelist in ancient China and one of the few top novelists in the history of world literature. A Dream of Red Mansions is the greatest novel in ancient China and one of the few top novels in the history of world literature. It is an outstanding summary of China's ancient literature and a classic of written Chinese. A Dream of Red Mansions, as a masterpiece of China's ancient realistic literature and a magnificent historical scroll and encyclopedia of China's feudal last days, vividly and truly depicts the sharp social contradictions at that time, criticizes the decadent ideas such as traditional feudal ethics, and praises the rebellious behavior of traitors and slaves with the background of the author's long and complicated and tortuous process from prosperity to decline and the fictional love and marriage tragedy of Jia Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main clue. Shaped a large number of artistic images with typical personality and vivid three-dimensional; Large-scale, rigorous structure, complex plot, clear organization, extensive content, beautiful language, and a good combination of ideology and artistry. At that time, it was said that "it is useless to talk about A Dream of Red Mansions and read poetry books vertically". Now there is a special Dream of Red Mansions. He is also good at poetry and stone painting, but his works are rarely circulated.