Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais's plays reflect the rise of the status of the "third class" in society at that time with humorous and satirical brushwork, and praise the victory of the people's anti-feudal struggle. Mozart, who wrote the opera "The Wedding of Figaro", was also liberated from the cage of the Archbishop of Salzburg, and his creative passion was unprecedented. Mozart's operas retained the original dramatic purpose. In his works, he condemned the count for trying to restore serfdom and expressed his praise for free thought.

On May 1786 and 1 Sunday, The Wedding of Figaro premiered at the Vienna National Theatre, and Mozart, 30, personally conducted it. 1824 May 10, performed in English lyrics at new york National Park Theatre.

Mozart's four-act comedy opera The Wedding of Figaro describes that Figaro, the servant of the Earl's office, is going to marry Susanna, the maid, and Figaro is happily preparing for the wedding. Who knows Susanna told him that the wedding room given by the count was malicious, intended to take advantage of her, and he also wanted to realize his "first night right" to slave marriage, which he hypocritically renounced. After listening to Figaro, they suddenly understood that they were determined to play a joke on the count. Another old housekeeper, Marcelina, was obsessed with marrying Figaro and threatened a debt. It was the old doctor Bartolo who gave her advice. Ten years ago, it was because Figaro helped the count defeat the man who wanted to marry the noble lady Lin Xiawei that Lin Xiawei became a countess. So doctors have always had a grudge against le figaro. Now, it is time for revenge. In the mansion, there is also a charming young man Kai Loubinaux who spreads love everywhere all day, a music teacher Brazil Liao who takes spreading rumors as his duty all day, plus a confused judge and a drunken gardener. Of course, there is the countess who lives alone. All the characters appeared together, and the contest between nobles and civilians began. Finally, the clever and brave civilians belonging to the third class finally fooled the hypocritical and dissolute count in public.

Working background

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Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais was the most important French playwright in the second half of the18th century. The appearance of Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais's comedy means the transition from classical comedy to bourgeois comedy. 1789, the bourgeois revolution broke out. The bourgeoisie realized the role of drama as a means of propaganda in the revolution and put forward the slogan "drama should educate the people". The revolutionaries also plan to build a people's theatre. 179111October 3 1, the constitutional assembly announced the abolition of the royal drama censorship system and promised freedom of performance. Dozens of theaters have applied for opening this year, among which * * * and China Theatre are famous for their special performances of new plays supporting the revolution. During this period, a large number of tragedies and current affairs dramas were created to cooperate with or directly publicize revolution and revolutionary war. The bourgeois revolution made the actors finally gain citizenship, completely ending the tragic situation of discrimination and bullying in the past; The playwrights association was established to protect the legitimate rights and interests of playwrights. Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais's "The Marriage of Figaro" is the second part of his "Figaro Trilogy" written in 1930s. It premiered at the French Theatre in Paris on April 27th, 1784, when France was on the eve of the Great Revolution. This comedy has played a great role in exposing and satirizing feudal nobles. Although the comedy was very popular all over Europe, Austrian Emperor Joseph II banned it from being staged in Vienna.

Lorenzo da Ponte, a screenwriter invited by Mozart, was a court poet at that time. Because of repeated efforts, in the second year, in order to alleviate some domestic shocks, the emperor orally approved the adaptation of the opera to be staged. Mozart spent a year composing music. When he wrote this opera, he kept the basic idea of the original. The sharp contrast between the foolish and dissolute aristocratic master and the clever servant who won the victory is the basis of the whole plot development and music description.

1786, The Wedding of Figaro premiered at the Austrian National Theatre in Vienna. Due to the sensitive theme of the play, the domestic nobles were greatly indignant during the performance. Although the emperor personally appreciated this work, he was forced to ask Mozart to delete it many times. German version staged in Berlin 1790.

The Marriage of Figaro is the most famous of Mozart's many operas, the pinnacle of Mozart's operas and the most familiar one for China fans. This opera, written in 1786, is an introduction to Mozart's opera.

The Marriage of Figaro is still one of the most frequently performed operas in major opera houses. It is still a classic that many viewers will never forget, just like natural singing and complicated relationship between men and women, just like wrestling, endless tricks and dialogue with disordered roles. The dazzling speed of progress brings out the situation of you coming and going between men and women, the confusion caused by various agreements and commitments, and the interesting stories of who sings love songs to whom and who is not. With the technological progress of the modern stage, every time I watch this drama, I have a brand-new experience.

First publication

Publishing House: Altalia Publishing House.

Publisher: Hoffmeister Hoffmeister.

About the premiere

In the first rehearsal of this opera in 1786, the famous baritone singer Banucci played the leading role of Figaro. Banucci's singing skills are extremely loud, especially when singing the most popular aria "Men Should Be Soldiers" in this opera, Banucci's beautiful timbre was brought into full play and achieved touching results. Mozart, who was standing by conducting the band, couldn't help whispering to Benucci, "Benucci, what a good singer!" As soon as this aria was over, all the people standing on the stage and all the members of the band couldn't help cheering for Mozart: "Great, great! Music master! Long live the great Mozart! " According to the memoirs of a singer at that time, the situation of the first official performance of the play was very enthusiastic, and almost every beautiful and moving aria in the play was required to be sung again, so that the performance time exceeded twice the original time.

Related interesting things

At the beginning of writing "The Wedding of Figaro", the court musician who was jealous of Mozart reported to the Austrian emperor that Mozart was writing an opera about Figaro. At that time, this theme was forbidden by the emperor. Mozart danced to introduce the idea of this masterpiece to the emperor. He said, your majesty, this is a story about love, and it is a very interesting love story. The Austrian emperor yawned while rehearsing "The Wedding of Figaro", and then watched the opera for four hours in high spirits. Mozart on the orchestra pit podium certainly didn't notice the details of the emperor yawning. He was absorbed in the opera and sweated until the end of the performance, exhausted.

Antonioni told Mozart afterwards that if the emperor yawned three times in four hours, your opera would be finished and there would be no more performances.

With karajan.

At that time, a small troupe called malm wanted to recruit a conductor to rehearse The Wedding of Figaro. /kloc-karajan, 0/9 years old. Although it is a small band with only 265,438+0 people, there is one condition for him to be hired, that is, the person in this position must hold a German Nazi party card. Facing fate and Mozart's call, karajan joined the Nazi Party branch and got the party card with the number of 34309 14. He kept this party card until 1944, which means that he became a Nazi in 1 1 year. Thanks to the party card, karajan was soon appointed as the music director of Axla Syaber, thus becoming the youngest German conductor at that time.

Plot outline

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Venue: El Almaviva Castle near Seville, Spain, in the mid-17th century.

Form: 4 acts and 28 songs, hi opera.

Act I: The attic of the Earl's residence is in the room.

We saw a big room that was a little messy, with several boxes in the middle, and the tables and chairs were not properly placed. It turns out that this is Susanna, the confidant maid of the hairdresser Figaro and the Countess Luo. They are busy preparing for their wedding. Figaro is arranging furniture, while Susanna wants to put the wedding basket in front of the mirror.

They quietly avoided the earl's attention, and they planned the future. Susanna is really up to no good, because his master, Count Alma, told Figaro to be especially careful about the count's actions. She said, "Why did the master use this room not far from his bedroom as their new house? It is very doubtful. "

At this time, Susanna left because of the call of the Countess Lin Xiawei, and Figaro stayed alone on the stage. He waved his fist at the imaginary Long Live Alma and sang, "Well, Long Live Alma! If you really want to take advantage, (Earl Almaviva tried to restore the "first night right" of nobles to serfs) I am not easy to mess with, and I will do everything possible to deal with you ... "Figaro left the room after singing.

Dr. Basolo and his old housekeeper, Marcelina, took to the stage. Mahelina had an old contract in her hand and read it to Dr. Bassolo: "I borrowed your money. If I can't repay it, I will marry you. " This is written by Figaro. It turns out that the old woman likes Figaro very much. She was very worried when she heard that he was going to get married soon. She invited Dr. Bassolo to help, hoping to find a reason to stop the wedding that night.

The doctor is willing to take this opportunity to help the old housekeeper. The doctor sang an aria full of revenge and went out. Susanna came back, and when she saw Maxilina in the room, she was full of anger. So Mahirina and Susanna started a war of words. This is a very humorous duet. As a result, Mahirina couldn't beat Susanna, and she came out in Susanna's smug laughter.

At this time, the servant Kirubino came over in dismay. He is a fickle young man who likes any woman (the role is played by a soprano). He sang a passionate aria to Susanna: "Ah! Passion possessed me. It turned out that he was caught by his master when he had a tryst with the gardener's daughter Babarina last night. Master flew into a rage and said that he would drive him away, which made the cherub not sleep well all night. He wants to ask Susan to intercede with the hostess and ask Master not to fire him. Looking at this little guy's sad face, Susan thought it was funny and teased him. Suddenly came the voice of the master outside the door. Rubino was frightened. Susan curled him up in a big armchair and then covered him with a blanket.

The count didn't know there was anyone in the house. After running into Susanna's room, he completely exposed his lascivious nature. He drooled over Susanna, told her to hide on the right, and at the same time stopped him from sitting in the chair with the little angel hidden. Then came Basilio's voice, and the count panicked. He hid behind the big armchair, where the little angel hid.

Basilio is a dirty dog who speaks ill of others behind their backs. When he came in, thinking that there was no one in the room, he assured Susanna that the countess and her servant rubino seemed to be having an affair recently. Hearing this, the count who was hiding behind the chair jumped out and asked Basilio to tell the truth quickly. So they sang a trio: "The count cursed Cupino and said that he saw him flirting with Babarina last night. When Susanna heard about it, she gently lifted the sheets. This is a bad thing. Chebino was exposed. The count was mad, while rubino trembled with fear. After a period of chaos, Chedjou Pino was fired. Suddenly the door opened and Figaro led a large group of people into the room. Everyone has flowers in their hands. They praised the count loudly because he announced the abolition of the "first night right" enjoyed by the master when the slave got married. The count knew this was Figaro's plan. I reluctantly accepted everyone's praise: "This is what I should do. Come to Figaro's wedding tonight. "

After the crowd sang a joyful chorus, they left. The count threw all his anger at poor Cupino: "Go to the army at once!" " With that, he left angrily.

The little angel looked sad and didn't know what to do. Figaro not only did not sympathize with him, but also sang gloatingly: "You don't have to be a lover anymore, and you don't have to talk about love every day. Don't comb your hair and spray perfume, and don't be full of love affairs. You should forget serenades and love letters, and throw away Red Velvet hats and flower scarves. A man should be a soldier, raising his head and standing up, with a saber on his waist and a musket on his shoulder. You will be a brave soldier in the future ... "Chedjou Pino has no interest in what Figaro said, but he is still making a miserable face and feeling depressed.

Act II: In the countess's room.

When the curtain rose, Lin Xiawei lamented that she had been abandoned by her husband. She prayed sadly, "Dear God, please have pity on me"! Susanna walked into the arena, followed by Figaro. The three of them discussed their own plans and tried to punish the count together, which would not only make the count change his mind, but also protect his happiness. The plan is divided into three steps: first, forge a secret report, warn the count that his wife is going to date her lover, teach him to pay more attention to people's actions and make him jealous. On the other hand, the little angel dressed as a young girl, and body double dressed as Count Susanna had a tryst in the garden at night. Finally, the countess went to the garden to "catch a rape", which made the count feel ashamed. Chedjou Bino, the footman, is singing one of the most outstanding arias in the play. "Do you know what love is?" Do you know what love is? Which one of you understands my feelings? I want to tell you everything. I don't know this wonderful feeling, but I feel my heart churning. Sometimes I am happy, sometimes I am sad, and love burns in my chest like fire ... "This lovely song touched the countess and Susanna. They told Chedjou Pino about Figaro's plan and asked him to do me a favor before he left. Chebino certainly won't object, because then he can attend Susanna's wedding and get close to the gardener's daughter Babarina. At this time, Susanna brought a beautiful dress and put it on the little angel. The three of them acted according to the plan.

Soon, the count came to the lady's door, knocked on the door and asked to go in. Lin Xiawei let the little angel hide in the bedroom next door, and Susanna also hid behind the curtain. Lin Xiawei opened the door, and it was her husband Alma Viva. He was shaking with anger with a snitch letter in his hand. He asked his wife, "Why did it take so long to open the door? Is there a person hiding here? " The lady deliberately replied, "No." The count didn't believe it. He pushed open the bedroom door, but he couldn't open it. It turned out that Cupino locked it from the inside. The frustrated count said he would find a tool to break down the door.

During the absence of the Earl and Lady, Pinocchio rubino ran out of the bedroom. Susanna told him to run away. However, all the doors in this room were closed, so they had to open the balcony door. Kay Loubinaux entered the room with her heart beating sideways. Susan ran into the bedroom and locked the door from the inside.

The count came back with his wife, with a big hammer and pliers in his hand, and slapped the door angrily. However, when the door opened, it really surprised him: the person inside was Susan. The countess breathed a sigh of relief. In turn, she accused the count of being too distrustful. Embarrassed, the count quickly apologized to his wife. Antonio, the gardener, hurried over. He reported to his wife that a man had just jumped off her balcony and knocked off a flowerpot. Hearing this, the count became suspicious again. Fortunately, Figaro arrived in time and said that it was him who jumped just now. He wanted to meet his fiancee in her room, but he was embarrassed to be caught by the count, so he ran away. As he spoke, he pretended to be limping and said that he had just sprained his ankle.

At this time, Mahilina, Dr. Bassolo and Basilio, the music teacher, all came. They proudly announced that Figaro had not paid back the money, and now he must fulfill his promise: to marry Mahilina. The witness is Dr. Bassolo.

The news made everyone present look different: Masirina and the doctor gloated, Basilio and the count gloated, poor Susan, the compassionate countess, Figaro was at a loss-singing a ridiculous septet.

The scene in the third act is in the living room of the earl's house.

The count paced up and down the hall. He thinks everything is strange.

When Susanna came, he said to Susanna, "Don't think about marrying Figaro again. It is an irreversible fact that he must marry Marcelina. Susanna was very sad, and the count took the opportunity to seduce her, saying that he loved her very much and invited her to meet in the garden at night. This suggestion is just what Susanna wants. Susanna agreed, and the count left the living room very happily.

As soon as Figaro appeared, Susanna quickly told him that she had completely mastered the master, so the lawsuit was sure to win. Say that finish, Susanna left. I didn't expect these words to be heard by the count. He sang a solemn allegro aria: "I lost my happiness, but the footman got it." How did this happen ... ".

Figaro, Ma Serena, doctor Bassolo and judge guzman walked into the living room together. After they sat down, the tense trial began. Judge guzman asked Marce Lina: Do you want money or important people? Mahirina said she wanted someone, and she wanted Figaro to marry her. This matter seems to be non-negotiable, but somehow, people have found an unexpected result: it turns out that Mahirina is Figaro's mother and Bassolo is his father, and the three of them embrace each other warmly. Celebrate family reunion. The count and the judge were dumbfounded. Susanna, who came one step late, said happily after hearing the news: I am not afraid of what the master will do! After the interesting sextet, the count and the judge left.

The count and gardener Antonio came on stage again. Antonio complained that the annoying little angel had not joined the army. He found his hat in his daughter Babarina's room. Said he was wandering around here disguised as a woman. The more the count listened, the angrier he became. He said he must catch him. These two people finally also.

Lin Xiawei and Susanna took to the stage. They stood out of sight of the count and discussed how to make a new plan tonight. Lin Xiawei was very sad: it was really embarrassing to have to play tricks on her husband with the maid. But what can be done? She would rather do this in order to get her husband back to her. After the letter was written, Lin Xiawei took a hairpin from her hair, asked Susan to pin it on the note, and asked her to write down the words "If you agree to the date, please return the hairpin to me". When they heard someone coming, they hid the letter in Susanna's arms.

A group of village girls came here, led by the gardener's daughter and the little angel's lover Babarina. They came to present flowers to the lady. They sang in unison and presented flowers to the countess. The lady accepted a bunch of flowers from the cherub and said to Susanna, "Who is this man? Why does it look familiar? Just then, the angry count came with Antonio. They saw at a glance that this strange-looking girl was none other than Kirubono disguised as a woman. And caught the little angel, Babarina begged the count to give her the little angel as her husband. The count promised nothing. Chedjou Pino ran away in a panic, Babarina and the girls left, and everyone was going to prepare for Figaro's wedding.

Susan took the opportunity to put the appointment notice in the count's hand. He was overjoyed and left the living room. Figaro stepped onto the stage, and the people attending the wedding came in, and the ceremony was about to begin. Susanna handed the love letter to the count just now. The count stung his finger with a sealed pin, so he pulled it out and threw it on the ground. He didn't mind announcing the banquet, and everyone sang a song in praise of the count.

Act IV: Gardens in the Castle

Babarina was ordered by the count to look for a pin that had just been dropped by the count with a lamp. She sang, "What a unlucky pin! I can't find it ... ". It turned out that the count saw the words on the note and realized that there was another hairpin. He ordered Babarina to find it, otherwise, she wouldn't want to marry Chebino. At this time, Figaro and his mother, Maxilina, took to the stage. They saw Babarina and asked her what she was doing. Babarina said honestly that the count asked him to find the hairpin Susan gave him.

Hearing this, Figaro was full of doubts: this is not his plan! Potatoes ... He took a hairpin from Mahirina's head and handed it to Babarina, saying it was Susan's hairpin. Take it to the master quickly. After receiving the pin, she first told Susanna and the little angel, and then went to look for a job with her master.

At this point, Figaro was furious and said to his mother, "All women are unfaithful. He must take revenge. Say that finish angrily left. But Mahlina doesn't believe that Susanna is a woman in easy virtue (she has learned about Susanna's great efforts to maintain a happy marriage), so she decided to tell Susanna at once. In case she gets hurt. After singing an interesting aria, she also left in a hurry. It's getting dark. Babarina walked quietly into the garden with a basket in her hand. She came to deliver food to the little angel hiding in the garden.

Figaro brought Basilio and Bartolo on. He asked them to help him hide in the corner of the garden first. He asked them to help him. They hid in the corner of the garden first. Hearing Figaro's whistle, everyone rushed out of their hiding places and caught the damn count and the damn Susan. Basilio sang: "Wake up, people all over the world!" ! Women are a disaster, don't let them cheat ... "After singing. Figaro was in great pain. He sighed, "people all over the world, open your's eyes! Women are demons, don't be cheated by them again! "He also hides in the garden at night.

The countess waited for Susanna and agreed to exchange clothes here in order to dress up as Susanna. And sang a sad aria: "Where to find that wonderful time?" Happiness and love are stirring in my heart. Where is the vows of eternal love? Where are the sweet words? Happy days full of joy disappear in an instant ... "Susanna went to the stage to exchange clothes with the countess. Finding Figaro hiding to spy on them, she deliberately sang a song to make him anxious: "The wonderful moment has come, leaning in the arms of her lover, how happy she is!" "Now the mood is no longer depressed, and no one can interfere with my happiness. Ah, look at the charming scenery around. Everything here is full of love. The night is quiet, and the happy moment is coming. Come on, honey! Through the green forest, come on, come on, I'll give you a rose ring and my heart! After singing, Susanna also hid and disappeared. Only the countess stood in the light in Susanna's clothes.

Figaro was furious about this. Chichi rubino is here. He mistook the Countess Lin Xiawei for Babarina, and happily went up to kiss her. When he found that he had made a mistake, it was too late. The count came to the garden and saw the little angel flirting with Susan. He had the unfortunate man kidnapped.

Now, the count finally got his chance. He was filled with joy and said some sweet words to Susanna. Because the garden was dark, no one else could be seen. At the other end of the garden, Figaro could not help but appear at this time. At first, he thought it was the countess in front of him Later, after listening to her voice, he recognized Susanna's makeup, so he made a mistake and was angry with Susanna. So, he also came to "Miss" for sweet talk. Susanna is jealous of fire and shows her true colors. Figaro smiled smugly. The count appeared again, and Susanna quickly resumed her lady's posture, pulling Figaro into the pavilion on the right. When the count saw this scene, he was surprised and angry. He shouted for help and quickly came to catch him. Figaro blew a whistle, and the doctor Bassolo, the music teacher Basilio and the gardener Antonio all ran out. They also lit up the garden with torches in their hands. When the count saw all the people coming, he angrily opened the small door of the pavilion on the right and called the adulterer and prostitute out. Unexpectedly, Chedjou Pino, Babarina, Mahirina, Susanna and Figaro came out from the inside, but there was no wife. Just as the count was in a daze, the countess came out of the pavilion on the left. The count has just lost all his prestige. What if he is talking about love with his wife? He was embarrassed to confess to her again. Finally, the lights came back, and the count approved the barber Figaro's wedding. It ended in a joyful chorus.