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According to the rules of "Zhou Li", a scholar's wedding has six ceremonies: winning the lottery, asking the name, Najib, accepting the levy, inviting the day and welcoming the relatives, which are called the six ceremonies. Six rites have been passed down for thousands of years, and weddings in Qing dynasty also carried out their ideas, which were divided into three stages: marriage discussion, engagement and marriage. Talking about marriage is to choose the object, which is equivalent to asking the name in the lottery; Engagement is the engagement between men and women, which can be divided into small and big. Small is equivalent to Najib, and large is equivalent to expropriation. Marriage is a wedding, equivalent to welcoming guests.

First of all, briefly introduce the process of folk wedding in Qing Dynasty. Focus on the customs of the flag bearer in the capital.

1. Marriage proposal: Zhou Lizhong pays attention to the woman's name, and uses the woman's name to indicate whether the marriage is auspicious, so there is a ceremony to ask the name. In the Qing Dynasty, birthdays were very important. On the premise of mutual recognition of family background, plain appearance and other basic conditions, the two sides wrote three generations of ancestral home, status and fame through the door post and Geng post, and Geng post wrote the date of birth of their children. After accounting, the eight characters did not attack each other and the marriage negotiation was successful.

2. Engagement: After successful marriage negotiation, enter the engagement stage. First of all, this is a small wedding. Well-off wives, that is, middle-aged and elderly women with husbands, children and in-laws, will be sent to their wives' homes. Small ceremony Han people pay more attention to precepts, and flag-bearers pay more attention to their wishes. On the day of release, the girl sat cross-legged on the kang, and Mrs. Quanfu personally gave the ring or wishful thinking to the girl, and the marriage was officially settled. Even in the Republic of China, the "Six Laws" still stipulated that the engagement was established as long as it was finalized. After that, it is a big event, usually within 100 days of the proposed wedding date. The main content is that the man will send the bride price to the woman's house, agree on the wedding date and inform relatives and friends. What is essential in the gift is the goose, and it is also a generation of geese.

3. Marriage: The day before the wedding, the woman will send the girl's dowry to the man's house. The dowry will be cancelled. Rich people always give the dowry of "the whole hall", that is, 64 liters; At least "half a class", that is, 32 lifts. Dowry ranges from fields and fields to spittoons and chamber pot to tattered shoes and coats. As for the wedding reception, the flag bearer attaches great importance to the ancient ceremony. "Marriage lasts for a period of time." The bride must be married at night and welcomed into the house before midnight. If the bride and groom have to quit after marriage, wait until the next night to share a room. Because the ancients believed that the yang was gradually formed after childhood, which was not conducive to the balance of yin and yang. If so, the bride must stay on the kang all day, because according to the custom, the bride can't go to the fields before sharing the same room. Therefore, before getting on the sedan chair, the flag-bearer girl basically doesn't eat or drink, but eats a few eggs at most to satisfy her hunger, just in case she misses the auspicious day and doesn't cause personal problems. The wedding is held in a sedan chair. The flag bearer is usually a red wool sedan chair to welcome the bride, while the groom and four or eight masters ride horses to see her off. The sedan chair can be carried by eight people, which is not limited by the fact that officials can only carry it by four people at ordinary times. The husband's wife, Mrs. Quan Fu, must first go to the woman's house by bus and send her off as a bride with her wife. Before getting on the sedan chair, the bride should put on the broken cotton-padded jacket given by her husband's family. The worse the better. If her husband's family doesn't have it, she will borrow it from a close relative. Of course, you will wear a cotton-padded jacket inside and a bright new coat outside. Wear blue cloth shoes on your feet and cover the Qing people with blue and black as the positive color. When you get married, you will be led by horn lights, and the band will hold a ceremony, which is absolutely different from playing in the country. After the bride enters the door, there is no custom of welcoming guests, let alone toasting. The guest congratulated the groom's father, not himself. As for worshipping the heaven and the earth, sitting on the account and drinking, eating children and grandchildren, etc. Both the wife who saw the bride off and the wife who picked her up ran away in the wedding room, and the bride met her in-laws the next day. Old-fashioned people even adhere to the ancient ceremony of "marrying a woman and seeing her aunt for three days".

Huang Zi wedding

1. refers to marriage: there is no process of discussing marriage in the royal wedding, but the emperor refers to marriage instead. When a prince grows to 15 years old, he usually gets married. The wedding was designated by the emperor in the selected ceremony, and Qin Wei, Minister of the Interior, chose an auspicious day for the wedding, and made a list of officials and married women who helped the wedding. At that time, the father of the selected woman, accompanied by Minister Li Zan, came to the east steps of Gan Qing Gate wearing an embroidered robe, and the woman's father knelt down to the north. Li Zan, the minister, stood facing the west and read the imperial edict: "It is a blessing to have an imperial edict and a woman with a gentleman." Fujin's father accepted the order, bowed three times and knocked nine times before quitting. A few days ago, the prince, wearing an embroidered robe, went to Fujin's house to visit his parents accompanied by the minister of the interior office, the minister who lost his land, the guard and the bodyguard. At the gate, Fujin's father greeted him at the door in a python suit. The prince got up in the hall to pray, and Fujin's father answered three prayers. Goodbye Fujin's mother with the same courtesy. When saying goodbye, Fujin's father sent him out of the gate.

2. Initial definition: that is, folk ceremony. The auspicious day of the ecliptic was chosen by Qin, and the content was that the emperor gave gifts to Fujin and held a wedding banquet at Fujin's house. There are two kinds of gifts, one is a token for Fujin himself, which will be brought back to the prince's residence when he is welcomed; One is to give money to Fujin's parents and family, which is a real bride price. Instrument coins include jewelry, clothes, daily silverware, etc. , including a gold collar embedded with Dongzhu coral, gold pins with three pearls, three pairs of gold earrings embedded with two pearls, two pairs of gold bracelets, one hundred gold and silver buttons, one Dongzhu gold collar, dozens of mink, otter skin and fox skin, used to make various coats and quilts, one hundred silks and satins and three hundred Jin of cotton. Among the gifts, Fujin's father got twelve taels of gold, seven hundred taels of silver, a fox fur, a mink hat, a gold belt, a towel, a wallet ear spoon tube and other accessories, and an pommel horse. Give Fujin's mother three pairs of pearl gold earrings, a fox fur, six otter skins and a carved pommel horse. Under the leadership of the minister of the interior and other deacons, it was crowded with colorful booths. Fujin's father greeted him outside the door in royal robes. Instrument coins were displayed in the main hall, coins were displayed on the steps, and horses were displayed in the middle road in front of the steps. After receiving the gift, Fujin's father led the children to see the palace in the east of the middle order, and Fujin's mother led their wives to the west for six sous, kneeling three times and worshiping three times in the middle order. As usual, the Ministry of Internal Affairs prepared 50 tables of banquets, 36 sheep, 50 tables of cakes and 50 bottles of yellow wine for a banquet at Fujin's house, and invited a band. On the same day, all the off-duty princes, ministers, guards, second-class officials and their wives gathered at Fujin's house to attend the banquet, and the officials of Crack Temple sent gifts and Qin officials sent time. Fujin's father led a male relative in a hat to have a banquet in the outer hall, and got up at ten o'clock noon and took a seat in the hall. Fujin's relatives compromised. The officials of this flag sat east and west, and the rest of the guests sat west and east. The banquet consists of tea, fruit, wine, wine and other programs, with musicians playing music in the middle. At the end of the banquet, the officials looked at the palace, bowed three times and bowed nine times. Fujin's mother and the woman of life held a banquet in the inner hall, and so did the procedure. This is a wedding reception.

3. Get married. The day before the wedding, Fujin's family sent the dowry to the emperor's womb, including the instrument coins given by the early emperor. Fujin people who sent the dowry were given a banquet by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On the wedding day, the embroidered robe of the prince goes to the empress dowager, the emperor and the queen for three times. If the biological mother is a concubine, she has to go to the biological mother for two times and six times. Luan Yiwei prepared an eight-sedan chair surrounded by red silk. Born in the same year, the general manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs led 20 officials, and one guard led 40 guards, who were responsible for marrying new people. Eight maids-in-waiting, including the wife of the chief minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who was in charge of the year and birthday, were selected in advance as attendants and went to Fujin House and Imperial Palace to pay homage. The commander of the infantry is responsible for clearing the road from Gongmen to Fujin's house.

When the auspicious moment came, the prison supervisor presented a colorful sedan chair in the nave. Fujin's dress came out, and he got into the sedan chair with the maid officer. Eight prison guards raised their hands, led by lanterns 16 and torches 20, followed by female officials, and rode out of the gate. At the forefront of the ceremony, the general manager and guards of the Ministry of Internal Affairs led the officers and guards before and after. Outside the emperor's womb, the rituals stopped and removed, and everyone dismounted and stepped in. The female officer accompanied the sedan chair to the prince's residence to serve Fujin and lead Fujin into the palace. Then a wedding ceremony will be held, and the married woman waiting here will be responsible.

On that day, in the prince's mansion, a curtain was set up and a banquet of 60 seats and 45 sheep was placed to entertain Fujin's parents and relatives. Attendants and etiquette procedures are the same as the engagement party held by Fujin family.

On the morning of their wedding, the prince and his wife wore royal robes and bowed to the empress dowager, the emperor and the queen in turn. The prince kneels three times and nine times, Fujin six times and three times, concubines also bow to their biological mother, the prince two times and six times, and Fujin four times and two times.

On the ninth day after marriage, the prince returned home with Fujin, and Fujin's family hosted a banquet. Stay at Fujin's house for no longer than noon.