First, Fuqing regional characteristics
First, mountains and seas are rich in resources. Fuqing is mountainous in the northwest and faces the sea in the southeast. The mountainous area is 6.5438+0.02 million mu, rich in loquat, longan and litchi. 920,000 mu of shallow sea beaches are stocked with seafood treasures such as clams, oysters, fish and shrimp. But also a large number of mineral resources reserves. Fuqing coastline is 348 kilometers long, accounting for 13% of the whole province. The port has excellent construction conditions, and can build more than 500,000-300,000-ton excellent deep-water berths 100. At present, Jiangyin Port Area has built a 5,000-ton overseas Chinese container terminal, a 30,000-ton Justin general terminal, a 50,000-ton berth/kloc-0 container terminal, and other professional terminals and thermal power projects under construction, which are national first-class open ports.
Second, the regional location is special. National Highway and Fuquan Expressway run through the north and south, connecting Fuqing with the most economically active areas in the province, such as Fuzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. East of Taiwan Province Strait, the nearest place is only 84 nautical miles from hsinchu city, Taiwan Province Province, which is an important window for cooperation and exchange between Fujian and Taiwan Province and foreign countries.
Third, there are many talents who love their hometown. Fuqing people have the spiritual characteristics of loving to fight and dare to win, and attaching importance to feelings and righteousness. There are more than 780,000 overseas Chinese and new immigrants in Southeast Asia, Europe, America, Australia and Africa 1 12 countries and regions, and nearly 654.38+10,000 Rong's children are active in the main battlefields of economic construction all over the country. When overseas folks get rich, they never forget to benefit their hometown, or donate money to build public welfare, or invest and set up factories in their hometown, or actively help attract investment, which has made outstanding contributions to Fuqing's economic development and social progress. Fourth, there are many cultural attractions. There are many places of interest in the territory, including Shizhu Mountain, a national 4A-level tourist attraction, wanfu temple, the site of South Shaolin Temple, Lingshi National Forest Park, and Maitreya Buddha statue in Yan Rui, a national key cultural relic. Fuqing is the ancestral home of Lin Zexu, the national hero who opened his eyes first in the world. A large number of outstanding historical figures, such as Xia Zheng and Ye, have won the reputation of "literary state" for Yurong ancient town.
Second, the development status of Fuqing
Over the past 20 years of reform and opening-up, especially since the founding of the city 10, with the progress of the country, millions of Fuqing people have taken the lead in opening up, taken advantage of policy-driven, carried forward the geographical advantages of overseas Chinese and Taiwan, bravely stood on the road of reform and opening-up, enriched the people and strengthened the city, and strode forward, thus building a solid cornerstone for Fuqing's economic take-off in the new century. In 2004, Fuqing's economy and society continued to maintain a strong development momentum. The main economic indicators have continued the upward trend in recent years and reached the best level since the new century. Fuqing's various undertakings have reached a new and higher development platform, and the city presents a good atmosphere of being clean and honest, making the people rich and the country strong. First, the economic aggregate has risen sharply. The "234" target of economic development put forward by the Municipal Party Committee in early 2004 was fully exceeded, in which the total fiscal revenue reached 2.038 billion yuan, the regional GDP reached 30.328 billion yuan, and the industrial output value above designated size reached 47.097 billion yuan, up by 23%, 65.438+05.56% and 45.06% respectively. The growth rate of main economic indicators is among the best in all counties and cities in Fuzhou. It is particularly worth mentioning that the national economy achieved "three historic leaps" last year:
First, it took only three years for the regional GDP to exceed 20 billion from 20 billion/kloc-0 to 30 billion in 2004. Second, the total fiscal revenue basically doubled on the basis of 20 1 1027 billion yuan, and it took only three years to become one of the second three counties and cities in the province with fiscal revenue exceeding 2 billion yuan and national tax revenue exceeding1100 million yuan; Third, last year, the city's per capita GDP was close to 25,000 yuan, equivalent to 3,000 US dollars, which means that Fuqing took the lead in achieving the economic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way proposed by the central government 16 years ahead of schedule. To achieve these breakthroughs, the role of industrial economy is the most obvious, and the leading position of industry is more prominent. Last year, the city achieved an industrial output value of 62.43 billion yuan, an increase of 32.28%, and the added value of the secondary industry with industry as the main body accounted for 58.96% of the regional GDP.
Second, the "three major demands" grew strongly. Investment, consumption and export, as the "three major demands" to stimulate economic growth, are all growing rapidly. The fixed assets investment of the whole society grew strongly, with a total investment of 6.694 billion yuan, an increase of 53.4%; The effect of "family project" is gradually emerging. Overseas, domestic and Fuqing's "three Fuqing teams" have become the backbone of Fuqing's economic development. Last year, the actual use of domestic capital was 265,438+49 million yuan, up by 5.253%, and the actual use of foreign capital was 203 million US dollars. Foreign trade exports grew rapidly, with a total export value of $34 1.5 billion, an increase of 64.95%. The business market is booming day by day. With the introduction of large chain business enterprises such as Gome and Tuofu Building Materials Supermarket, the modernization level of business circulation in Fuqing has been further improved, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods has reached 7.228 billion yuan, an increase of 10%.
Third, industrial parks have been rapidly promoted. The "national" brand advantage of Qiao Rong Development Zone is further highlighted. The declaration and construction of the development and exhibition industrial park in the southern district has been steadily advanced, and the construction of the export processing zone has started. Industrial clusters represented by electronic information and automobile glass have begun to take shape, with the industrial output value above designated size reaching 36.6 billion yuan, accounting for 77.7% of the industrial output value above designated size in the city; The output of TPV and strapdown monitors exceeds 20 million units, ranking first in the world; Fuyao Automobile Glass achieved a breakthrough of "China Famous Brand Product" in our city, the first float glass production line was successfully put into trial production, and Fuyao Company was selected as the sixth CSI? The top 50 listed companies with the most development potential in China ranked seventh. In Justin Investment Zone, the bundling of town and street investment and the development of "enclave" industry have achieved remarkable results, and many economic indicators have achieved double growth. The first phase of 6,543,800 square meters standard factory building has been fully completed, and the investment has been basically completed. Infrastructure construction in Jiangyin Industrial Cluster is in full swing, and key projects such as No.2 and No.3 berths, preliminary iron and steel projects and the first phase of Guodian have been officially started. Emerging industries represented by Fukang and Fuxing Medicine are taking shape, and various projects are accelerating. Jiangyin Port has passed the national acceptance for opening to the outside world, and opened three new international routes, namely, America West, Europe Mediterranean and Japan. Together with the West Africa route opened in 2003, four international routes have been opened. New progress has been made in the construction of industrial clusters in key towns, and industrial clusters and their effects have become more obvious, which has become an effective carrier to promote urban economic development.
Fourth, the development pattern is more coordinated. The three industries developed simultaneously, and the agriculture and rural economy rose steadily, achieving a total agricultural output value of 6.094 billion yuan. The income of urban and rural residents continued to grow, and people's lives were further improved. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 10964 yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers was 5963 yuan, increasing by 9.4% and 10.28% respectively. The balance of local and foreign currency savings of residents reached 23.3 billion yuan. Fully implement the strategy of revitalizing the city through science and education. Last year, the online rate of college entrance examination and the excellent rate of senior high school entrance examination reached the best level in recent years, taking the lead in realizing the goal of basically popularizing high school education in the province one year ahead of schedule; Yatong Company established the first national postdoctoral research center in Fuqing, and the output value of high-tech enterprises (including Strapdown) accounted for 52.7% of the total industrial output value. The urban landscape has been further improved, and the construction of municipal infrastructure has been continuously strengthened. We started the construction of urban trunk roads such as Qingsheng Avenue, Ye Fu Avenue and Zhonghuan Road, completed the widening and reconstruction of Justin Road, and built places for mass leisure activities such as Longshan Park. Urban traffic conditions have been further improved, and the "unblocked project" has reached the national second-class city standard. It has successively won the honorary titles of advanced counties and cities in national science and technology progress, strong city in national food industry and provincial health city.
Living custom
Section 1 Clothing
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Fuqing men and women wore thick cloth with double-breasted and large-breasted sleeves, which were knee-length; Pants that reach the feet and have wide cuffs. Rich people wear robes, mandarin jackets and beaded hats. Clothing changes dramatically in winter and summer, and it only decreases in spring and autumn. Fabric weavers are fine, and the colors are blue, cyan, red, green, yellow and white. The colors of clothes and trousers are intertwined, and the contrast colors are obvious, mostly blue clothes and blue trousers. Generally, unmarried women wear pants without skirts, while married women wear red skirts. Up to now, the elderly women whose husbands are still alive can still be seen wearing red skirts in Longgao Peninsula. If a woman is a widow after marriage, she will never wear red clothes or red skirts for life. In the first three years, she had to wear a white dress in Tsing Yi, and in the last three years, she had to cover her feet in order to change to a green dress in Tsing Yi. There are many sandstorms along the coast. When women go out to farm or beg for the sea, they often wrap their heads and necks with towels. Men wear wide pants, which is conducive to working in the sea. Girls wear single braids or double braids, with one or two flowers inserted at the end of the braids or red velvet ropes. Married women have long hair bun and are decorated with gold and silver jewelry.
During the Republic of China, Zhongshan suit became popular among towns and intellectuals, and many women wore cotton gowns. Among students, men wear suits and women wear cheongsam.
* * * In the early days of the People's Republic of China, we advocated the Soviet way of life, with short hair for women and one-sided hair for men. In rural areas, elderly farmers often wear plain clothes with cloth buttons folded and casual pants without trouser pockets, and the colors are mainly blue and blue; Middle-aged and elderly women wear clothes with large rows of buttons and casual pants. With the improvement of farmers' living standards, since the late 1950s, Chinese tunic suit, youth suit and military casual dress have become popular throughout the county.
During the "Cultural Revolution", grass green, yellow and gray military uniforms swept across the county seat.
After 1978, especially in the 1980s, the fashion was constantly updated. Fuqing, as the hometown of overseas Chinese, is especially influenced by foreign fashions. The main fashions popular in Fuqing in spring, summer and winter are spring and autumn clothes and summer and winter clothes. The collar of women's spring and autumn coats is mostly small stand-up collar or round suit collar, with straight waist and shoulder pads reaching thighs and knees, and trousers are straight pants. Skirts are very popular in summer. In the late 1980s, some young girls wore dresses and sweater vests. Men's spring and autumn coats are mostly straight collars, wide shoulders, buttons or zippers, and pants are straight pants.
In summer fashion, women like to wear dresses. After 1985, there is a big contrast, that is, black, gray and white are matched with each other. There are also suits, vest skirt, suspenders, denim skirts and triangle skirts. Besides, all kinds of suit shorts, denim shorts, Bermuda pants, towel shirts and Xing Zi shirts are also very popular. Men's fashion clothes are still stand-up shirts with suits and shorts.
In winter fashion, women like windbreakers, tweed coats, bat shirts and ski shirts in different colors. In addition, there are many kinds of bar knitwear. Sweater coat is a new trend. Men usually wear suits, hunting clothes, riding clothes, travel shirts, ski shirts or sweatpants, and tweed coats. Farmers often wear Chinese tunic suits and military casual clothes.
Fashion is easily accepted by young men and women, but clothes in rural areas, especially in remote and poor areas, have not changed much. By the 1980s, some of them still kept their clothes from the 1950s.
Section 2 Diet
Fuqing people have three meals a day, which are usually thin in the morning and evening and dry at noon. In some areas, three meals are thin. The staple food is rice and sweet potato (potato chips), and the non-staple food is mainly meat, seafood and vegetables. Condiments are sauce, monosodium glutamate and a small amount of sugar and wine.
Eating both meat and vegetables is inherited from today. Most Fuqing people like to eat pigs, sheep, beef, fish, shrimp and so on. Except monks and Buddhists who are forbidden to eat meat. After 1984, wealthy families pay more attention to nutrition. Some family foods have gradually changed from coarse grains to flour and rice with fish, meat, poultry, eggs and milk as the main ingredients.
Flavor snacks are rich and colorful, mainly flat meat, fish balls, taro, oyster cakes and so on. Fuqing cake is crisp and delicious, crisp and pleasant, and has a long reputation. Other snacks evolved from Fuqing cake are cooked meat, cooked clams, cooked clams or seaweed sandwiched between light cakes, which tastes better. Flat meat made of swallow skin or flour and stuffed with lean meat is very popular. Fuqing fish balls, with refined fish as skin and lean meat as stuffing, are elastic, crispy and delicious. After 1978, the fish balls in Longtian area were also exported to Hong Kong and other places, earning foreign exchange for the country. Meat powder, fish powder, oyster powder and oyster powder mixed with sweet potato powder are also favorite snacks of Fuqing people.
Since 1980s, the specifications of weddings, funerals, New Year's festivals or other banquets have become more and more high-end. Too much greasy food and rough cooking were eliminated and replaced by "high, refined, clear and sharp" lean meat, pork liver, pork belly and shark's fin, sea cucumber, Nostoc flagelliforme, oysters, shrimp, mushrooms, octopus and other delicious dishes. Paired dishes (that is, combined dishes) and image dishes have appeared, and four kinds of fruits (pears, apples, bananas and oranges) and four kinds of vegetables (melon seeds, sweets, olives and candied fruits) have appeared. Refined phoenix cold cuts, whole chicken with eight treasures and shredded mandarin duck fish came into being with great pride. Banquets are usually 10 plates, and most of them are 16 plates. There are two kinds of snacks (famous cakes) in the middle, and finally there are two kinds of sweet soup (peanut soup, pineapple soup and loquat soup). There must be cucumber fish and Taiping eggs in the dish, which means peace and longevity, more than a year.
In terms of drinks, Fuqing people generally drink hot tea and boiled water, and tea lovers are almost all over the county. Some people also run teahouses to attract tea customers. When the guests come, the host can't live without tea. However, Fuqing people's habit of drinking tea is to gulp, and they are not good at tasting tea. After 1985, all kinds of cola, coffee and juice flooded the market and became rich drinks. Bai Mei is produced in Dong Zhang and Yidu mountainous areas, and processed into sour plum, which is also a good wine in midsummer.
Wine, some people in Fuqing can't live without wine for three meals, and some women can't live without wine for confinement. At sacrificial ceremonies or banquets, the consumption of wine is even more amazing. Most people drink rice wine and sweet potato wine. After 1985, many people also like to drink beer, fruit wine, white wine or imported wine.
Section 3 Residence
Fuqing farmhouses are mostly old-style four-bedroom houses. Generally, there is a hall in the middle, rooms on both sides, earrings on both sides and a small courtyard in front of the hall. Most of them are adobe wood structures. Houses are surrounded by compacted earth walls (coated with shell powder inside and outside) or red brick walls, mostly bluestone, and the roofs are all tiles. Most houses have two floors. Longtian and alpine areas are three-dimensional and beautiful because of the strong sea breeze and stony wooden structure.
Rich people have six big fans, the design of which is basically the same as that of four rooms. There are two rooms on each side of the hall, and the space is relatively open. Some have six rooms and three seats tied together, three rooms connected together, and some have as many as fifteen rooms. The "Fifteen Falls" in the county seat is the remains of this group of buildings. They usually cover two or three thousand square meters, or even tens of thousands of square meters. There are archways and stone lions in front of the house, but most of them are gone now.
Influenced by Putian's architectural style, Xincuo and Yuxi, which border Putian, have built more palace-style houses with magnificent momentum.
Dong Zhang and Yidu mountain areas use local materials, and the internal roof truss, rafters and walls are almost all made of wood.
* * * After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially in the 1980s, four or six ancient buildings were gradually eliminated and replaced by modern houses with windows on all sides and balconies in front. The number of floors varies from one to five or six. In the late 1980s, a large number of reinforced concrete buildings appeared in urban and rural buildings. There are also suites in dormitories of institutions, enterprises and institutions.
Section 4 Walking
In ancient times, Fuqing people mainly walked on foot. Fuqing juren, who went to Beijing to take the exam in the past dynasties, could not do without taking the shoulder. Only wealthy officials can ride horses, sit in chairs or sedan chairs. In areas near mountains and rivers, shoulder poles, bamboo sedan chairs and ferries are important means of transportation. In plain areas, wealthy families sit in cool or big sedan chairs, with two or four people carrying poles. The government transmits information over a long distance, and military intelligence depends on "flying horse". There are stops in the middle, called post stations, also known as post stations and official posts. Guan Yi Lane in the county seat is the former site of the post office.
During the Republic of China, the scooter appeared, and rickshaws, bicycles, bicycle backs and four-wheeled vehicles (commonly known as "rat tails") were used one after another to carry people and goods. Vehicles using animal power and wind power are also common in Fuqing. Horses and donkeys are used to pull carts on flat roads, and sampans, covered boats and wooden sailboats are used at sea for both passengers and goods.
* * * After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), motor vehicles gradually replaced the ancient folk means of transportation. Especially after 1978, the transportation system has been reformed and individuals, collectives and state-owned enterprises have developed together. Large tractors, walking tractors, and large and medium-sized trucks run day and night on various roads in the county, and all kinds of passenger cars are constantly flowing.
When people go out, they can buy tickets and ride at any time. You can take a luxury bus to Hong Kong and Macao. Many institutions, enterprises and institutions have their own jeeps or cars. In the 1980s, almost every family owned private cars, mainly bicycles. Domestic and imported motorcycles have also become popular.
trade usage
Section 1 Agriculture
In Qing Dynasty, women in Fuqing bound their feet, so they could only do housework or weaving, and all farm work was undertaken by men, so there was a saying that men plowed and women weaved. During the Republic of China, the number of women who bound their feet decreased year by year, and the number of women who went to the fields to help men increased year by year. In order to make a living, women from poor families also support men, but the number is small. * * * After the founding of the Republic, men and women are equal. Women, like men, get equal pay for equal work and become one of the main laborers in farm work.
Paddy field transplanting in Fuqing, whether in field or small field, starts from the middle. The person who goes to the field first must be a skilled transplanting veteran among several people. After a few rows, other people will go to other places to follow. Some rice transplanters can go straight into their backs without pulling wires, which shows superb farming techniques. When weeding, kneel between the seedlings and pull the roots forward with your hands. In late rice, before dewing, water holes (ditches) should be dug beside the ridges of rice fields to drain the water in the fields. Transplanting and harvesting, because I am tired, I have a hearty meal every night. At the end of the early and late rice harvest, we should also prepare several bowls of good dishes to celebrate the harvest.
Section 2 Building houses
To build a house, Fuqing people mostly choose auspicious days to break ground and lay the foundation stone. Villagers and neighbors take the initiative to help workers, commonly known as ritual workers. When the house is completed, relatives and friends will prepare candles, eggs or cloth to congratulate them. On the beam, the host set off firecrackers to celebrate. Red cloth and baskets (now changed to red lights) are hung on the beam, and red cloth sachets are tied on the beam head and the gate for good luck. In the evening (after some works are completed), a banquet, commonly known as Shangliang wine and finished wine, is held to entertain folk masons, neighbors and guests who donate their work to show their gratitude. In rural areas, once the house is built, although it is not decorated, the owner has to let people move in, saying that it is inhabited and not occupied by ghosts and gods, so that the family can flourish. When you move to a new house, friends and relatives will send eggs, noodles or other gifts to celebrate.
Section 3 Navigation
Fishermen in Fuqing coastal areas should prepare rich food and wine on the second and sixteenth day of each month, face the sea, and make confessions in front of the beach or the Temple of the Sea and the Temple of the Dragon King, thanking Poseidon and the Dragon King for their kindness in the past, and praying for Poseidon and the Dragon King to bless their future navigation safety. According to legend, when fishing boats are in distress, turtles can float on the sea to save fishermen from distress, so turtles are regarded as totems. Whenever fishermen catch a turtle by accident, they will always carve their names and release time on the turtle shell, and then put the turtle back into the sea, hoping that it can be rescued when it is in danger. When sailing, once floating objects are found on the sea, they will try their best to salvage the bodies ashore and bury them according to the custom. Fishermen also regard the ship as a sacred thing, and do not allow women to board the ship, or even cross the cable of the ship, thinking that this will be conducive to navigation safety.
Etiquette custom
Section 1 Marriage
In the old society, marriage between men and women was the fate of parents and the words of matchmakers. Child bride and early marriage are still common in rural areas.
195 1 the marriage law was promulgated, and the autonomy of marriage was implemented, and parents and others were not allowed to interfere in the arrangement. However, the marriage of young folk men and women is still proposed by the matchmaker first. According to the marriage custom, it is a good omen that the two families are safe within three days of the matchmaker's proposal. If it is "marriage", the woman's house will check the man's property, and the man will go to the woman's house for a blind date. After the two sides agree, the man has to pay the "first half of the bride price" (half of the bride price) to the woman's family, which is considered marriage. In rural engagement, both men and women are accompanied by young men and women in the neighborhood (or relatives) to take engagement photos in the town, and the man buys daily necessities for the woman as a sign of engagement.
Before marriage, the man will repair the house and make furniture. One or two days before the wedding, both men and women changed peach blossom symbols and posted red couplets, and the man's house was completely decorated. Guests from both sides are packed. Most female guests take clothes as a gift (that is, adding boxes), while male guests take money as a gift.
In 1950s, most marriages in Fuqing were simple, and superstitious wedding ceremonies were almost eliminated. There is a new fashion. Women don't want men's dowry, and men don't want women's dowry. In the late 1960s, old habits began to rise, and many people behaved in a vulgar way. Women ask men for money, sewing machines, bicycles, watches, radios and other gifts, which is called "three turns and one ring". In the 1980s, the requirements were even higher. The man wanted to pay a high salary, and the town rented a car for the wedding. The woman is equipped with TV, electric fan, washing machine, dual-purpose tape recorder, wardrobe, chest of drawers, sofa, etc.
Folk marriage has the following unique customs:
First, stop the sedan chair.
The groom went to the woman's house to meet the bride. Fuqing invited new people. On the way back, people can block the way with chairs, and the bride and groom must not be angry. In the old society, the bride sat in a sedan chair, accompanied by a band, and the groom distributed melon seeds, candy and so on to those who stopped the sedan chair. Now I don't ride in a sedan chair, and the band has changed the tape recorder. Those who get in the way either ask the bride and groom to sing or ask them to distribute cigarettes and candy to those who get in the way. No matter in the past or now, only those who stand in the way can get through. The more people get in the way, the more famous the bride's talent and looks are, and the more glorious the groom is.
Second, avoid rushing into things.
The groom welcomes his new mother to his door, and the man sets off firecrackers to welcome the couple. At this time, the bride is assisted by the elderly women and the bride in the man's relatives or neighbors, and other women in the man's family temporarily withdraw until the bride enters the hall. This custom is called avoiding urgency.
Third, close the new room.
Before the bride arrives at the man's house, the groom's house chooses a clever boy to wait at the door. When the wedding reception team arrives, the boy will come forward and take over the new toilet in the dowry. It's called a toilet. Boys should also enter the new house, close the door with the boys and girls inside in advance, and ask the groom to hand in cigarettes and candy before opening the door. At this time, the bride and groom pay homage to their ancestors, parents and aunts. After the wedding, the bride and groom introduced the new house and patted the door. In the past, the bride sang "clap the door song", but now it is mostly the groom who bargains with the people who close the door. The longer the bargaining time, the more patient the bride and groom will be, which means the longer the couple will love each other in the future. Finally, the groom agreed to the children's request, and the children opened the door to let them in. There are many gifts in the bride's new toilet, which is a reward for the boy who patted the toilet.
Fourth, noisy rooms.
That night, both families prepared a sumptuous banquet to entertain their guests. Among the guests, the groom's uncle is the most distinguished, the guests must be respectful, and the chief should be seated at the banquet. It was night, and most places were very noisy. Most noisy rooms are attended by relatives and friends. The content of the noisy room is to embarrass the bride and groom and tease a couple.
Five, go back to the door
In the past, on the third day after the bride got married, the bride's family would send someone to invite the newlyweds back to their parents' home. Fuqing has this custom all over the country. It used to be called mothering, also called "please return to the door", commonly known as "please go first". In the late 1950s, I was invited back to my parents' home not on the third day after marriage, but the next day. On this day, the woman sent her family to invite the bride and groom back to their parents' home. The woman hosted a banquet at home to entertain her son-in-law and daughter. Put the egg noodles on the table in advance and let the son-in-law cut the cooked eggs with a spoon before the banquet can be held. Family dinners are mostly held in the afternoon or evening, accompanied by female relatives. During the dinner, parents introduced their sons-in-law one by one and told them their titles. As usual, please go back to the door and the groom will go home. The bride will keep her family for a month. Now change to return the next day or the same day.
Section 2 Fertility
A woman gives birth to a month, and Fuqing is called a month. During this period, outsiders are generally not allowed to enter the delivery room, commonly known as not breaking in. In fact, I am afraid that outsiders will bring in germs and cause postpartum diseases.
On postpartum 14, Fuqing folks have the custom of giving good news, that is, the maternal family gave red eggs and a bowl of noodles to relatives and friends (now changed to wedding candy). Relatives and friends will send gifts such as chicken, meat, eggs and noodles to their mothers before the full moon, commonly known as sending the moon. At the full moon, the bride's family will send gifts to her new grandson, such as children's clothes, children's hats and cradles. Other relatives and friends should also give gifts to their children to congratulate them. According to the old rules, Tian Ding will hold a banquet to entertain relatives and friends who come to congratulate, and call the full moon wine. After the banquet, the red eggs will be returned to relatives and friends to show that everyone is happy together.
The custom of giving good news, sending the moon, holding full moon wine and paying dividends on eggs is limited to boys in the feudal society where boys are preferred to girls. * * * After the founding of the People's Republic of China, although some remote places still follow the old habits, most towns have the practice of having children.
Section 3 Celebrating Birthdays
Fuqing has the custom that daughters celebrate their parents' birthdays. Every year, the married daughters of people over 50 years old will send their parents eggs, noodles, trotters and clothes for their birthdays. There is also the custom of men doing nine and women over ten, and every tenth birthday is even more lively. Birthday celebrations are mainly organized by children. Before the birthday, all married daughters should make birthday cakes and distribute them to relatives and friends. Some married daughters have to share a few. After receiving the birthday cake, relatives and friends prepare gifts such as red envelopes, candles, guns and noodles to celebrate their birthdays. Some also send life screens, life axes and other things. The son-in-law and granddaughter must send birthday peaches as a token of longevity. The host family should hang red lights and put up birthday couplets. In the old days, there was a banquet, and the old people who celebrated their birthdays sat in the hall to accept congratulations from their descendants and relatives.
Section 4 Funeral
Fuqing folks call the funeral a white marriage (as opposed to marriage). There are many unique customs at the funeral, from birthday celebration to burial, burial and floating mountains, which have been passed down to this day.
First of all, happy birthday.
Most of Fuqing's rural areas are buried in the soil, so making coffins is a big deal. Old people have the right to prefabricate coffins on their birthdays, which are called □ Happy Birthday (some □ birthday boards). On my birthday, my married daughter wanted to buy eggs and congratulate her face to face.
Second, walk out of the hall.
On his deathbed, an old man will move from the bedroom to the ancestral hall, commonly known as leaving the hall. Relatives should be accompanied and guarded. Relatives in a foreign land should also come back as soon as possible to see them for the last time and listen to their last words. If the old man dies outside, he can't move to the ancestral hall before he dies, and he can't leave the hall generally. People who died before their birthdays are not qualified to go to the ancestral temple, so they can only build a shed outside the house to put the bodies.
Third, the funeral.
When the deceased dies, relatives should comb his hair, change clothes, wear shoes and hats for him. The clothes worn by the deceased are called shroud, which are usually sewn by the married daughter. Folk customs wear a single pair instead of a pair, and avoid wearing wool. The old custom of covering your face with white paper and your eyes with copper coins has been gradually abolished. When buried, the eldest son holds his head, and his daughter, daughter-in-law and grandson hold his waist, knees and feet. After the funeral, the children and grandchildren cried around the coffin, and then the man first, the woman later, each holding a candle, circled the coffin three times to the left and then three times to the right, commonly known as the ring coffin. Finally, relatives see the dead again and then cover the coffin. Ring coffin is a form of farewell to the remains, which is still in use today. After the funeral, the straw mats and used things that the deceased slept in should be burned by the roadside.
Fourth, the funeral.
Funeral is an important activity in Fuqing, usually held at noon. The funeral was presided over by a more prestigious person. Before the funeral, family members and relatives cried and offered sacrifices in front of the mourning hall. According to the custom, the children and grandchildren put on Dai Xiao clothes, bowed in front of the coffin in turn, and relatives and friends bowed three times before going out. In some places, there are also tributes from famous people among relatives and friends. Relatives, friends, etc. After the funeral, the coffin is sacrificed in front of the door or on the road, which is called road sacrifice. The funeral procession is generally led by a white flag, followed by wreaths, couplets and sedan chairs (with built-in photos) sent by relatives and friends; Then there are bands, relatives and people. The children carried coffins and followed the funeral procession, followed by other relatives of the deceased. After the funeral of relatives and friends arrives at the intersection, they can disperse after accepting gifts to thank the children of the deceased. The children and relatives of the deceased must be sent to Fenshan. When crossing ditches, tunnels and bridges on the road, the children of the deceased will cry to express their grief and remind the coffin bearers to pay attention to roadblocks.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) funeral
Relatives of children will send coffins to the grave hill and put them in the dug grave. Then the eldest son led the way, leading other descendants and relatives to turn left three times around the tomb, turn right three times, and sprinkle some soil on the coffin while turning. This ceremony, also called ring coffin, is intended to express the children's mourning for the dead and then bury them.
Sixth, Huilong
After the burial, the spirit flag was changed into a red flag, the mourning clothes were changed into auspicious clothes, and the tools for burying the dead were all affixed with a piece of red paper and lined up to go back, commonly known as Huilong. After returning to the mourning hall, they will sacrifice to the spirits, and the elders will lead the whole family to bow down or bow to the portrait of the deceased. Hold a banquet in the evening to thank relatives and friends who attended the mourning and funeral. This kind of banquet is called downhill meal.
Seven, Fushan
On the second day after burial, the mourner went to the cemetery to burn paper to pay homage and plow the soil, which was called Fushan. The funeral ended here.
It was New Year's Eve, and blue paper was posted at the entrance of the funeral home, and the word Shouzhi was written. No celebration was held.
All the bereavement should be in Dai Xiao. A son and daughter-in-law must mourn for three years. On the anniversary of her daughter's mourning, she put on auspicious clothes. A husband's wife also has three years of filial piety, and a wife's husband can take off one year of filial piety. A son can't shave his head until a hundred days later, commonly known as staying for a hundred days.
Fuqing also has the custom of collecting bones, that is, after the deceased was buried for several years, the survivors dug up the bones of their ancestors and re-buried them in another place because of land use such as infrastructure, water conservancy, or re-election of places with good feng shui.
Now we advocate simple burial and funeral reform. Some superstitious old customs were gradually abolished and gradually changed to memorial services to mourn the dead, and cremation began to replace burial.
Section 5 Housing Division
Most families broke up at a certain stage in order to get rich or to deal with the relationship between good sister-in-law and her mother-in-law. The separation is presided over by father and mother, and uncles or prestigious elders in the clan are invited to make a ruling. The eldest grandson was regarded as the last child and was also given a share of the property. In the 1980s, after the promulgation of the inheritance law, more and more towns were separated according to the inheritance law, and the eldest grandson did not enjoy the treatment of the last child. After separation, relatives send noodles, eggs and other gifts; The daughter-in-law gave her daughter-in-law a set of kitchen utensils, commonly known as a birthday party.
The custom of old age
Section 1 Spring Festival
First of all, New Year greetings.
On the first day of the first month, also known as the New Year, people set off firecrackers just after midnight. Get up early on the first day and get up early all year round. On the first day of breakfast, every family eats noodles and noodles with a pair of peaceful eggs, hoping for a long and safe year. It has become a habit to eat more noodles or eggs at the first bite without soup. So there is a saying that it rains when going out because of drinking noodle soup.
After dinner, everyone goes out to pay New Year greetings, and the host or housewife stays at home to receive guests. On New Year's greetings, the guests bowed to their hosts and wished them all the best and a safe family. The host should also bow to congratulate, and then invite guests to enjoy fruits and melon seeds. On this day, everyone who meets an acquaintance on the road, whether friendly or not, should nod, congratulate each other and wish each other peace and wealth.
There are many taboos in the early morning of the first day, mainly including:
(1) Avoid sweeping the floor. Afraid of sweeping the money. Later, it was changed to sweep from the gate, and the garbage was not taken out, and it was taken out after the holiday on the third day.
(2) avoid knives. I'm afraid it will be bad luck to move the knife. This taboo is to prevent you from accidentally hurting your hands and feet on the first day and ruining the festive atmosphere.
(3) Avoid saying unlucky things. avoid