Plan 1 Pay attention to common sense. What should I pay attention to in hand-drawn floor plan?

Compared with the plan drawn by computer, the principle of plane drawing should be followed.

When painting, we should first grasp the theme of the painting, and then pay attention to the proportion of the painting. The line thickness can be distinguished by different linear expressions, or by different colors. Where the node sample diagram needs to be highlighted, it should be marked and explained in detail.

When drawing such a picture, just like writing a composition, you can draw an outline first, and then refine the inner content. Plane and elevation are inseparable.

Need to explain the place must be marked on the plane, and then draw the corresponding elevation details. If time is tight and you need to explain the place in detail in words, you can simply explain it, and it is enough to patrol these words when explaining the plan to customers! This is my original design experience, I hope it will help you.

2. What aspects should primary school students pay attention to when looking at the floor plan?

The one upstairs is so sick. He is a primary school graduate. Do you want to murder him?

Pupils should understand the plan. I think we should look at the simplest floor plan first. Parents can guide you like this: If you live in a bungalow, you can simply draw a picture of the houses around your home, pay attention to the direction, and then take your children out for a trip. When you get home, you can ask him to point out your house. So repeatedly. If you live in a building, you can put the apartment structure diagram when you buy a house (that is relatively simple, so if you take it out, you should first find out the direction and mark it on the drawing (similar to whose bedroom this is), so that children can find it themselves. I'm sure he will come to understand.

Of course, for the regular plan, pay attention to the following points: first, compass, second, plane size, third, graphic marking, fourth, straight line marking!

3. What aspects should primary school students pay attention to when looking at the floor plan?

The one upstairs is so sick. He is a primary school graduate. Do you want to murder him? Pupils should understand the plan. I think we should look at the simplest floor plan first. Parents can guide you like this: If you live in a bungalow, you can simply draw a picture of the houses around your home, pay attention to the direction, and then take your children out for a trip. When you get home, you can ask him to point out your house. So repeatedly. If you live in a building, you can put the apartment structure diagram when you buy a house (that is relatively simple, so if you take it out, you should first find out the direction and mark it on the drawing (similar to whose bedroom this is), so that children can find it themselves. I'm sure he will come to understand.

Of course, for the conventional plan, we should pay attention to the following points: first, it refers to the north arrow, second, the plane size, third, the graphic annotation, and fourth, the linear annotation.

4. Look at the basic knowledge and key points of drawings on the construction site.

First, after being familiar with the functional diagram of the proposed project, first understand what the function of this project is, is it a factory building or an office building? Is it a mall or a dormitory? After understanding the function, think of some basic sizes and decorations. For example, the floor of the bathroom is generally made of ceramic tiles, and the floor elevation of the bathroom and balcony buildings is generally a few centimeters lower; The scale of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the needs of equipment installation.

Finally, read the architectural description and be familiar with the project decoration. Second, be familiar with and review the size of the project plan. Generally speaking, the construction plan of a building project has three aspects. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the axis dimension and the third dimension is the total dimension.

Check whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the edge axis is the center line of the wall. The drawing habit in Guangdong Province is that the side axis is the outer line of the external wall. Look at the size of the project plan, first understand the construction plan, then understand the construction plan of this floor, and finally understand the construction drawings of water, electricity and air conditioning installation, equipment technology and secondary decoration, and check whether they are consistent.

After being familiar with the size of the apartment, check whether it meets the use requirements, such as checking whether the apartment is convenient to use and whether the lighting and ventilation are good. When reading the dimensions of the next floor plan, check whether there is any inconsistency with the upper floor plan.

Three, familiar with and review the engineering elevation size. The construction drawings of general construction projects include elevation, section and stair section, all of which have the information of the elevation size of the project; The elevation of this floor is generally marked on the building plan and construction plan; In the beam table, there is generally beam surface elevation; Basic details and other details are generally marked with elevation. Through these construction drawings, we can master the elevation dimensions of the project.

Generally, the facade has three dimensions, the first is the detailed dimensions such as the height of windowsill, doors and windows, the second is the height dimension, and the facade is marked, and the third is the total height. The inspection method is the same as the size of each lane on the inspection plane, that is, whether the sum of the first lane sizes is equal to the second lane size and whether the sum of the second lane sizes is equal to the third lane size.

Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation view is consistent with that in the building plan, and then check whether the elevation of the building is consistent with that of the building. The elevation of each floor in the construction drawing should not be exactly the same as that of the corresponding floor in the construction drawing, because the floor elevation in the construction drawing is the elevation after the project is completed, and the floor elevation in the construction drawing is only the elevation of the structural surface, excluding the height of the decoration surface. The construction drawing elevation of the same floor should be several centimeters higher than the construction drawing.

Special attention should be paid to this point, because in some construction drawings, the construction icon is marked high on the corresponding construction drawing paper. If you don't pay attention, you will make mistakes in the construction. Familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the elevation of the top of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the bottom of the upper beam; Check whether the horizontal dimension and elevation of the stair tread are wrong, and check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2. 1 m, and whether there is a meeting phenomenon; If there is a terrace on the middle floor, check whether the elevation of the terrace is lower than the indoor level; Check whether the floor of the bathroom and bathroom building is a few centimeters lower, if not, check whether there are measures to prevent overflow; Finally, combined with the installation of water, electricity and air conditioning, equipment technology and secondary decoration construction drawings, check whether the building height meets the functional requirements.

4. Check the error-prone places in the construction drawing. After you are familiar with the size of the construction project, check the mistakes in the construction drawing. The main inspection contents are as follows: 1. Check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward. 2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.

3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table. 4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.

5. Beams, slabs and columns are similar in the same span, but there are great differences in reinforcement. If there are any, they need to be re-inspected. 6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.

7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment. 8. Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced beams meets the requirements of construction acceptance specifications. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in this project, because the workers bend the steel bars when processing them, the diameter of the steel bars should be the original steel bar diameter plus the rib thickness of about 21mm.

9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door of the construction drawing. 10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different.

As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.

1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, details, content and construction description in the beam-column table. 12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) examines whether the original construction drawing has been improved, and puts forward suggestions for improvement from three aspects: it is beneficial to engineering construction, it is beneficial to ensuring building quality and it is beneficial to engineering aesthetics. 1. Suggestions for improving the construction drawing are put forward from the perspective of engineering construction. ① The adjacent span of continuous frame beam on the structural plane will be very large. When the negative moment reinforcement of the intermediate bearing is anchored separately, the reinforcement at the beam-column joint will be too dense and the concrete will not be compacted easily. It can be suggested to designers that negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible.

(2) When the negative reinforcement of the bearing is full-length, it will cause the beam surface reinforcement with small span and small beam width to be too dense to pour concrete. It can be suggested that under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, the Liang Kuan of each span should be kept consistent as far as possible, and only the height of the beam should be adjusted, so as to facilitate gluten connection and concrete pouring. (3) When the structural modeling is complex, it is difficult to complete the structural construction of a certain part at one time, how to keep the concrete construction joints is proposed to the designer.

(4) After the elevation of the floor is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the floor, and this beam is connected to the room, whether the reinforced bar of the beam is bent or anchored separately at the lowered place, please design and deal with it. 2. Put forward opinions on modifying the construction drawing from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of the construction project.

(1) When the ceiling plastering and wall plastering are designed as 1: 1:6 mixed mortar, it can be suggested to change the ceiling plastering to 1: 1:4 mixed mortar to increase the cohesive force. ② 。

5. What are the precautions for making the construction site plan?

1, familiar with all kinds of engineering design data.

When making the general construction plan, first of all, you must carefully read the design data related to this project (especially construction site plan), read the topographic map of the problem where this project is located, know all the supporting facilities around this project, and even need to know the project planning of the area where this project is located.

2, inspect the actual construction site

After you are familiar with the information, do a field trip, which is not necessarily the latest. Therefore, the accuracy and rationality of the construction site plan can only be guaranteed by personal on-the-spot investigation, understanding the surrounding environment and traffic environment of the project, and understanding the temporary hydropower import and export and the location of the fence gate.

3, combined with the construction plan, construction progress

The construction site plan is a part of the construction organization design as well as the construction plan and schedule, so when making the construction site plan, it must be combined with the construction plan and schedule, and the construction site should be arranged reasonably according to the contents of the construction plan and schedule.

4. Reasonable arrangement of material processing plants and material storage areas.

Engineering construction will consume a lot of materials, such as steel, cement, stone and sand. Therefore, when arranging the plan of the construction site, arrange the material placement area and processing area reasonably according to the actual situation. For example, cement, gravel and sand should be put together and placed near the mixer to facilitate workers to make mortar or concrete.

5, reasonable arrangement of tower crane position

As mechanical lifting equipment, tower crane plays a very important role in engineering construction, especially in the construction of main structure. Generally, the location of tower crane should be reflected in the construction plan, so at this time, we should fully consider where the tower crane should be placed and let the tower crane cover the whole floor as much as possible, which will reduce the secondary handling of workers as much as possible and improve work efficiency.

6, reasonable arrangement of construction elevator position

In actual construction, in addition to tower cranes, derrick (material hoist) is generally used in multi-storey buildings, construction elevator (dual-purpose elevator for people and goods) is generally used in high-rise buildings, and painting is generally used in the masonry or decoration stage of secondary structure walls.

Therefore, when arranging the floor plan of the construction site, we should also arrange the location of the construction elevator reasonably, generally in the middle of the house, close to the mixer, so as to facilitate workers to transport materials up and down.

7. Reasonable arrangement of temporary construction roads

Temporary construction roads should also be reflected in the site plan, and now generally standardized sites will harden roads. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the direction of the construction road in the plan, shorten the transportation distance of materials in the field as far as possible according to the actual situation, maximize the use of workers' working hours and reduce the secondary transportation distance.

8. Work area and living area should be separated.

In the floor plan, the location of the living area should be determined. It should be noted that the work area and living area must be separated, because the construction site is a bit dangerous, and there will be dangers if they are not separated, such as external factors such as falling objects.

6. What should I pay attention to in the room design scheme?

Of course, painting should have a foundation. Otherwise, your space will feel bad, specifically, stereoscopic perspective, ergonomics, home improvement budget, geomantic omen, materials science, and related software, such as cad, 3dS max, ls or vray, ps, etc. , details are as follows.

1. The complete design includes the following contents:

1. Design overview; 2. General plan (large apartments and villas should have sub-regional or bedroom plans); 3. The elevation and section of each part; 4. Node details; 5. Fixed furniture production drawing; 6. Electrical plan; 7. Electrical system diagram; 8. Water supply and drainage scheme (involving transformation); 9. Top view; 10. Building facade (villa); 1 1. List of decoration materials.

2. The art of binding and design

Graphic design includes bottom graphic design and top graphic design. The floor plan should have the positioning dimensions of walls and columns and the exact proportion. No matter how the drawing is scaled, its absolute area remains the same. With the indoor plan, designers can carry out indoor plan design according to different room layouts. Designers usually ask customers for advice before designing.

Bedrooms generally have wardrobe, bed, dressing table, bedside table and other furniture; The living room is decorated with sofas, combined TV cabinets and low cabinets, and there may be some potted plants; Low cabinets and hanging cabinets are indispensable in the kitchen; Household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines will also be placed; In the bathroom, there are three big pieces: toilet, bathtub and washbasin. The writing desk and bookcase in the study are essential. If you are a computer enthusiast, you will get an extra computer desk.

Home furniture can be purchased by yourself or designed by a designer. If the shape of the room is not very good, customizing the furniture according to the design will achieve better results.

The plan has three parts. The first part shows the indoor structure and size, including building size, clearance size, location and size of doors and windows; The second part indicates the specific shape and size of structural decoration, including the position of decorative structure, the relationship between decorative structure and building structure, the specific shape and size of decorative surface, and the material specifications and technological requirements that should be indicated on the drawings; The third part shows the placement position of indoor furniture, equipment and facilities and the size relationship of their decoration layout, and shows the specifications and requirements of furniture.

3. Design renderings

Design renderings mainly focus on graphic design, showing the results of decoration in a perspective way. Through the display of renderings, the owner of home decoration can make clear the expression form of the room after the decoration activities. It is an important basis for home improvement owners to finally decide on decoration. Therefore, it is an important document in decoration design. There are two kinds of decorative renderings: black and color. Because color renderings can truly and intuitively represent the colors of various decorative surfaces, they also play an important role in material selection and construction. However, it should be pointed out that the effect diagram shows the decoration effect, which is difficult to achieve completely due to the limitation of materials and technology in actual engineering construction. Therefore, it is reasonable and normal that there is a certain gap between the actual decoration effect and the renderings.

4. Design and construction drawings

Construction drawing is the basis of decoration, which specifically guides the construction of each type of work and process. In the construction drawing, the structural requirements, material composition and construction technology requirements are explained to the construction personnel in the form of drawings, so as to organize and complete the project accurately and smoothly.

Construction drawings include elevation, section and node drawings.

Building facade is the orthographic projection of indoor wall and decoration, which indicates the indoor elevation, the size of ceiling decoration and ladder-like relationship, the style and material of wall decoration, the size of position, the height of wall and door, window and partition, and the connection mode of wall and roof and floor.

The sectional view is to cut the decorative surface to express the way of structural composition, the form of materials and the relationship between the main supporting members. Detailed dimensions, technological practices and construction requirements are marked on the profile.

Node diagram is the intersection of two or more decorative surfaces, which is cut vertically or horizontally to show the docking and fixing methods between decorative surfaces. The joint drawing should show the structure of the decorative surface joint in detail, with detailed dimensions and the construction method of sealing.

Note: (I also refer to others')