Qi Huangong (716-64310/0/7 October), the head of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned from 685 BC to 643 BC, and was the first 15 monarch of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. His surname is Jiang. He is the twelfth generation grandson of Lu Shang, the youngest son of Qi Gong, and his mother is a patriot. After Qi Huangong's eldest son and nephew, Gongsun Ignorance, died in civil strife, Lu and Gongsun Lu successfully competed for the throne, that is, the throne quilt. Duke Huan appointed Guan Zhong as Prime Minister, carried out reforms, and implemented the system of military and political integration, and the state of Qi gradually became strong. 68 1 years ago, Duke Huan summoned two governors, Song and Chen, in Zhen (now Juancheng, Shandong), and was the first ruler in history. At that time, China was attacked by tribes such as Rong Di in the vassal state of the Central Plains, so Qi Huangong attacked Shanrong in the north and Chu in the south under the banner of "respecting the king and resisting foreign countries" and became the first overlord of the Central Plains, and was rewarded by the Zhou Emperor. However, he was fatuous in his later years. After Guan Zhong's death, he hired villains such as Yiya and Vertical Carving, and eventually starved to death in civil strife. He selected and appointed talents, reformed the Qi government, made the country rich and strong, and became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.

life experience

Speaking of civil strife, being enthroned is thrilling.

From Taigong Lu Shang, twelve spread to Qi Zhuanggong. Qi Huangong

In the meantime, Miracle became evil, and Aigong was cooked; Make a fuss, the inner wall is arrogant. Civil strife breaks out one after another, foreign invasion is mixed, the people are in trouble, the country is not at peace, and the village is standing by. Zhuang Gong reigned for 64 years, Xi Gong reigned for 33 years, and father and son were in power for nearly a hundred years. The political situation is relatively stable, the vitality is gradually restored, and the national strength is increasing. Conquering foreign countries, the main alliance princes, known as Zhuangnuo minibus in history. However, it was a flash in the pan, and the good times did not last long. Xianggong succeeded to the throne, and all previous efforts were in vain. There is a public ambition to unify the world, but there is no talent to rule the country and level the world. With the help of Zhuang Nuo Wei Yu, he took part in the war. Ji, Fazheng, Ruibu, Pinglan. Continuous wars not only make neighboring countries unsustainable, but also consume themselves. The state of Qi presents a sad scene: all the adult men have gone to fight as soldiers, leaving only the disabled old people, weak children and lonely women at home. Gu Mi's once fertile land is now covered with thick green bristlegrass. Xianggong is dissolute and shameless. He had a long affair with his sister Wen Jiang (Mrs. Lu Huangong) and murdered Lu Huangong, which led to the deterioration of the relationship between Qilu and China. Xiang Gong's laws and regulations are impermanent, and officials and servants are at a loss. As can be seen from the above, during the period of "xianggong", the Chaogang was out of order and the political situation was chaotic, so it was necessary to stabilize the order through indiscriminate killing: "xianggong" unjustly killed many women, bullied the ministers several times, and the brothers were afraid of disaster, so the second brother corrected Lu ... and the second brother Xiaobai ran to Ju (Historical Records of Qi Taigong Family). As a result, he became a real loner. On this good opportunity, Sun, who has been complaining for a long time, combined with ignorance and said that he was in charge of his father's rebellion and killed Xianggong to stand on his own feet. This happened in 686 BC. The following spring, ignorance was killed by Dr. Lin Yong of Quqiu. A serial coup led to the absence of a monarch in Qi. In Qi Xianggong, the national government is in chaos. Guan Zhong had a premonition that there would be chaos in Qi. Bao is a teacher. He escaped to Juzhou under the protection of his friend Guan Zhong. In the 12th year of "xianggong" (686 BC), Gongsun killed Qi Xianggong in ignorance and made himself king. The following year, Yonglin people killed ignorance. At that time, Qi was in chaos and there was no monarch. Gong Zijiu and Xiao Bai, who learned about this through eyeliner, came back overnight. Lu sent troops to send his younger brother Gong Zijiu back to China, and sent Guan Zhong to block the road from Ju 'an to Qi. Guan Zhong shot an arrow with a small white belt hook. Pretending to fall to the ground and die, Guan Zhong sent someone back to Lu to report the good news. Lu then slowly sent Gong Zijiu home, and it took six days to arrive. At this time, Xiao Bai has returned to Qi, and Gao Xi named him the monarch. It's for Huan Gong. At that time, Huan Gong was shot to death with a hook, pretending to be dead and confusing Guan Zhong. Hiding in a caravan, he returned to Qi State day and night, and became a monarch with the support of Qi aristocratic state and Gaos thought. Duke Huan sent troops to meet Lu, and when he fought (now Huantai), the army of Lu was defeated. Bao wrote a letter to Lu Hou, which said, "Gong Zijiu is his younger brother, and he couldn't bear to kill him. Ask Lu to kill him himself. Gong Zijiu's teacher and Guan Zhong were enemies, so he asked Lu to send them and chop them up. If you don't obey, you will send troops to crusade against Lu. " The people of Lu were afraid, so they killed Gong Zijiu, summoned him to commit suicide, and put Guan Zhong in prison. When Huan Gong tried to kill Guan Zhong, Bao advised him, "I was lucky to follow the monarch, and now he has become a monarch. If the monarch only wants to govern Qi, it is enough to have uncles and high teeth. If the monarch wants to gain the hegemony of the world, then he must be in charge of the world. Where Guan Zhong goes, which country is strong and cannot lose him. " Duke Huan took his advice, pretended to kill an enemy and took Guan Zhong to Qi. Huan Gong and Guan Zhong talked about the skill of overlord, and were overjoyed. They accepted him as a doctor and entrusted him with political affairs.

Worship each other and carry out reform.

Qi Huangong worshiped Guan Zhong as a colleague, united the monarch and the minister, made great efforts to reform and reform, and respected the monarch and the outside world for survival. During this period, a group of outstanding talents with their own strengths and dedication were hired. Among them, the most representative is "Five Heroes of Huan Guan". As early as in Qi Huangong, he didn't remember revenge with one arrow. When he wanted to worship Guan Zhong, Guan Zhong suggested: "Building a building must not rely on only one piece of wood; The sea can never be merged by a few trickles. If you want to achieve great things, you must first appoint five outstanding people-on Qi Huangong's actions

I am not as good as Peng Ji in standardization, etiquette, and flexibility of words. Please appoint him to be in charge of foreign affairs for a big company. I might as well fill the sea to build a city, store grain and increase the population. Please appoint me as the secretary in charge of agricultural production. On the vast Yuan Ye, the chariots are not chaotic, the soldiers are not retreating, and the drums command the soldiers to die. I might as well be the father of the prince. Please appoint him as Fu and commander-in-chief of the three armed forces. I'm not as good as Bing Xu Wu. He can judge cases reasonably and fairly, not killing innocent people and falsely accusing them. Please appoint him as a senior manager in charge of justice and criminal law. I dare to make faces, avoid death and make money. I am not as good as Dong Guoya. Please appoint him as a great remonstrator to supervise remonstrance. These five people are enough for Qiang Bing, a rich country. If you want to achieve the career of overlord, you need me here. "Huan Gong listened to Guan Zhong's suggestion, set up five people to do their jobs, and worshipped Guan Zhong as a relative, forming a powerful leading group. Later facts proved that this collective leadership made wise decisions and won the support of the people. 1. The way to divide countries into different fields politically is that every country is a country, and other places are wild. There are 2 1 townships in China, including 6 industrial and commercial townships and 5 scholar townships. Every five houses have a track, and the track has a length. Every 10 track is one mile, and it is one mile. Every four miles is a company with a company commander. Every ten companies are a township, and towns have lovers. Set up three ministers, three households as workers, three townships as businesses, three dangers as ze, and three balances as mountains to strengthen management. For the wild, take 30 households as a city and set up city divisions. Ten cities and one pawn, the pawn is handsome. Ten soldiers in one township, the township is handsome. Three townships and one county, the county is handsome. There are doctors in ten counties and one genus. There are five state-owned genera, and five doctors are set up to govern respectively. And divide the functions and powers of officials at all levels, which belong to the doctoral supervisor, the county magistrate is responsible for dividing the field boundaries, and the township head is responsible for general political affairs, requiring them to be conscientious and not neglect political affairs, otherwise they will be punished. In the first month of each year, doctors of five genera should report their work to Huan Gong, and Huan Gong will reward and punish them according to their achievements. 2. Militarily, the system of military and political integration and the integration of defense and civilian technologies system are implemented. Shi Xiang residents are required to perform military service. One person in each family is a foot soldier, each road is Wu, and Wu is led by the head of the road. Fifty people in every mile are a small Rong, led by Reese. Each company has 200 people in Guanzhong.

As a pawn, the pawn is led by the company commander. There are two thousand people in each township, and the brigade is led by a good man. Five townships with ten thousand troops, fifteen townships with three armies, Huan Gong, Guo Zi and Gao Zi each led an army. Training in the off-season and going out in wartime. This not only improves the combat effectiveness of soldiers, but also does not have to pay the maintenance costs of soldiers. In addition, in order to solve the problem of insufficient weapons, it is stipulated that crimes can be redeemed by weapons. Guilty crimes can be atoned with armor and halberds, misdemeanors can be atoned with shields and halberds, misdemeanors can be atoned with metals, copper can be used to cast weapons, and iron can be used to cast farm tools. If the lawsuit is successful, you will have to pay a bunch of arrows. Since then, Qi's weapons have gradually become sufficient. Third, economically, through tax reduction, the fertility level of the population will be improved. Thereby increasing the total population of Qi. Impose heavy taxes on businesses, especially salt merchants, to make up for the difference in taxes. And implement a "quasi-equality" policy to prevent the rich from robbing the poor of food and further limit the gap between the rich and the poor. It also indirectly recognizes farmers' right to buy and sell grain freely and the legitimacy of free private farmland, and also ensures the production profits of farmers in private farmland. This kind of economic policy is also the centralization of the monarch at the economic level. And set up "women prostitutes" in all parts of the state of Qi, with war criminals or criminal widows as their duties and collecting taxes. This practice made many Qin and Jin people come to Qi, which greatly enriched the national treasury.

The expedition to the east and the discussion to the west began to dominate.

After the reform, Qi's national strength has been greatly enhanced and it has embarked on the road of hegemony. First, repair with neighboring countries, return the Tang and money occupied by Lu before, so that Lu can be used as a barrier to the south; Returning the four cities of Taiwan, Yuan, Gu and Qili, which were occupied by Weiguo before, made Weiguo a barrier to the west; The return of Chai Fu and Barking Dog, which were previously occupied by Yan State, made Yan State a barrier to the north. In the spring of the fifth year of Huan Gong (68 1 year), the governors of Song, Chen, Cai and Zhu joined forces in Zhenguan, which was the first ruler in history. After the Song Dynasty broke the covenant, in the name of the Zhou Emperor, he led several governors to cut the Song Dynasty and forced the Song Dynasty to make peace. In addition, it also destroyed small countries such as Yong and Sui. In the 14th year of Huan Gong (672 BC), after Tian Jian was completed, Chen Li's son fled to Qi. Huan Gong wanted to make him Qing, but he refused to accept it, so Huan Gong made him Gong Zheng. In the 29th year of Huan Gong (657 BC), Huan Gong and Cai Ji swam in the water, and Cai Ji rocked the boat. Huan Gong was afraid and stopped Cai Ji. Cai Ji didn't listen and kept shaking. Qi Huangong disembarked, flew into a rage and sent Chua Ji back. Cai Guo was not happy either, so she married Chua Ji to someone else. Huan Gong was furious, and dispatch troops made a crusade. In the spring of the 30 th year of Huan Gong (656 BC), Lu, Song, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Xu, Cao and other governors rose up to attack Cai, and Cai's subjects rebelled one after another. In another war against Chu, King Chu rose to meet him and asked, "Why did you come to China?" Guan Zhong replied, "Once upon a time, Duke Kang was summoned and said to our great grandfather,' You should crusade against the princes and help the Zhou family.' Give us your ancestors to the sea in the east, the Yellow River in the west, Muling in the south and Wudi in the north. The state of Chu did not pay tribute to Bao Mao, so that the king of Zhou had no wine to drink during the sacrifice. King Zhao of Zhou didn't come back. That's why I asked you. "The king of Chu said," There was no tribute, but it was really my fault. Wang Zhaonan didn't come back. Ask Hanshui. "Qi played the flood. In the summer, the king of Chu sent troops to resist, and the Qi army returned to Zhaoling. When Qu finished, he said to Huan Gong, "You can be reasonable. If not, then Chu will take Fangcheng Mountain as the wall and the Yangtze River and Hanshui River as the moat to hit you. Can you still win? So he made up with Qu Yan and withdrew.

Kuishan teamed up to dominate the princes.

In the summer of the thirty-fifth year of Huan Gong (65 1 BC), Huan Gong was a vassal of Kwai Qiu. King Xiang of Zhou sent Kong, the butcher, to perform military service, bows and arrows, and roads (the car of the princes' royal robes). Don't bow down and be obedient. Whether Huan Gong wanted to worship or not, Guan Zhong said, "No", so Huan Gong bowed down and accepted it. In autumn, he joined forces with the governors, Kwai Qiu, and Zhou sent them to attend in the air. Huan Gong became more and more proud and many princes betrayed him. Zaikong said to Jin Hou, "Qi Huangong is so proud." This year, Jin Xiangong died, and there was civil strife in the state of Jin. Qin Mugong made Gongzi Yiwu king of Jin, and Huan Gong sent troops to pacify the chaos. At this time, the Zhou Dynasty declined, and only the four countries of Qi, Jin, Chu and Qin were powerful. The state of Jin was in civil strife, the state of Qin was remote, the king of Chu claimed to be barbarians, and Qi Huangong became the overlord of the Central Plains. Duke Huan said, "I went south to Zhaoling and saw Woong San. The Northern Expedition of Shanrong, Bi Li and Solitary Bamboo. Cut off the summer in the west and go deep into quicksand. Climb the Taihang Mountain and return to Bell Mountain. Do not disobey me. He joined forces with the princes three times and decided the position of Prince Xiang six times. I said that the three kings were great before, but now I am different from them? I want to meditate in Mount Tai. " Guan Zhong advised Huan Gong not to listen. Guan Zhong also said that in order to get strange monsters in the distance to worship Zen, Huan Gong did not consider this matter.

I love castration, and I was stupid in my old age.

In the forty-first year of Huan Gong (645 BC), Guan Zhong was seriously ill. Duke Huan asked him, "Who is Qi Huangong among the ministers?"

Can I replace you? Guan Zhong said: "I know that no one can compare with the monarch." Duke Huan said, "How about elegance?" Guan Zhong replied: "Killing children to please the monarch is not human nature and is unacceptable." Huan Gong said, "What about the prescription?" Guan Zhong replied: "It is inhuman to abandon your relatives to please the monarch, and it is also difficult to get close to you." Duke Huan said, "How about vertical carving?" Guan Zhong replied: "It is unnatural and hard to be dear to castrate yourself to please the monarch." After Guan Zhong's death, Qi Huangong didn't listen to Guan Zhong and reused three people, all of whom were authoritarian. In the forty-second year of Huan Gong (644 BC), Rong attacked Zhou, and Zhou was in a hurry. He ordered governors from all over the world to send troops to save Zhou. In the forty-third year of Huan Gong (643 BC), he was seriously ill, and five childe (Gongzi Wukui, Gongzi Zhao, Gongzi Pan, Gongzi Merchants) competed for positions among their followers. 107, Qi Huangong died of illness. The five sons attacked each other and the state of Qi was in chaos. Huan Gong's body lay in bed for sixty-seven days, and all the bodies climbed out of the window. 1February 14, the newly established Qi Jun took control of Huan Gong without loss. Qi Huangong Xiaobai Mausoleum is very luxurious, with many funerary objects. After his mausoleum was excavated, he found the bones of martyrs lying in the underground palace. Xiaobai died in a palace coup and was starved to death in his bedroom by three traitors, namely, Vertical Carving, Yiya and Fangzi. After several days of death, the maggots on the carrion were not found until they climbed out of the room. It can be seen that killing people and burying them alive at that time was one of the indispensable funeral ceremonies.