Ancient Chinese architecture was a wood structure system, so pavilions were mostly wood structures. Wooden gazebo, glazed tile roof wood frame and Dai tile roof wood structure are the most common. The former is unique to the royal architecture and the religious architecture of the altar temple, which is magnificent and colorful. The latter is dominated by China's classical pavilions, or simple and solemn, or elegant and elegant, all over the country, which is the representative form of China's classical pavilions. In addition, wooden pavilions are also made of stone roofs, iron roofs and lime roofs, but they are generally rare and belong to a special shape.

empty the bowels

It is also common to build pavilions with stones in China. At present, the earliest pavilion is the Stone Pavilion. The early stone pavilions mostly imitated the practices of wood structures, such as bucket arches, moon beams, bright and sparrows, and corner beams. , all carved from stone. For example, the Luban Pavilion, which was built on Huangmeipo Mountain in Hubei Province in the early Tang Dynasty, was all built with stone-like wooden bucket arch beams. The same is true of the two stone pavilions in front of Xiushan Peak in Hushan, which were built in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty respectively. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the stone pavilion gradually got rid of the imitation wood structure, and the characteristics of the stone were outstanding, and the construction method was simplified accordingly. Simple and heavy shape, flat and short eaves and simple details. Some stone pavilions are even as simple as jacking up a stone pavilion cover with only four stone pillars. This stone pavilion is simple and presents a solid and rough style. However, some stone pavilions, in order to pursue colorful, exquisite and gorgeous effects, still use stone imitation wood carving arches to hang down, and the roof uses slate to rest the mountain, square and hexagonal.

Some stone pavilions in the south are also made into double eaves, even reaching four floors. They are beautifully carved and have the characteristics of being light but not heavy in the south of the Yangtze River.

Brick pavilion

Monument pavilions often have thick brick walls, as used in Ming and Qing tombs. But they are still wooden pavilions, and brick walls are only used to protect beams, columns and monuments to create a solemn atmosphere, rather than the load-bearing role of the structure. Pavilions that really use bricks as structural materials are all built by arch and overlapping technology. The Yuping Pavilion on Beihai Castle in Chuxian County, Anhui Province and the Yi Pavilion on Langya Mountain are both brick pavilions. Compared with wooden pavilions and wooden houses, it is unique in shape and quite distinctive.

Maocaoting

Mao Ting is the originator of all kinds of pavilions, which originated from real life. The rest shed and water car shed on the roadside hill are the prototype of Mao Ting.

This kind of pavilion is mostly made of logs and slightly processed into beams and columns, or covered with thatch or bark, giving people a natural taste. Because it retains the natural color and has the meaning of Shan Ye nymphs, it is highly appreciated by lofty and elegant people. Liu Zongyuan once commented on Mao Tingting in "Liu Zhongcheng Ma Tui Shan Ji": "There are no thin rafters, rafters, walls, white clouds and blue mountains, which shows its frugality." Wang Changling once wrote a poem "You are resting under the thatched grass in the shade of your flowers, and there are phoenixes and cranes on your western hills" to praise its elegant and beautiful shape. Thus, not only in the land of Shan Ye, but also in the luxurious palaces and forbidden gardens of the palace, there is also Mao Ting's quaint and quiet interest in pursuing "carving nature".

Zhu Ting

Bamboo was used as a pavilion in the Tang Dynasty. The poet Du Guhe once wrote "Looking for a Bamboo Pavilion in Lu Langzhong": "Cutting bamboo for a pavilion, its height, stands out from the forest." Later, the pavilion on the bridge was also made of bamboo. It is contained in Yangzhou Painting Boat Record; "Meiling deep spring, namely Changchun ridge, is protecting the lake. The ridge is in the water, the wooden frame is a jade slab bridge, and the square pavilion is built on it. Columns, columns, eaves and tiles are all inlaid with bamboo, so they are also called bamboo bridges. " It can be seen that bamboo pavilions are widely used.

Because bamboo is not durable and lasts for a short time, few bamboo pavilions remain. Nowadays, bamboo pavilions are mostly built by binding and nailing. However, some structural members such as bamboo pavilions, beams and columns are still made of wood, wrapped with bamboo pieces to imitate the shape of bamboo, and their drinking stools, rafters and tiles are all made of bamboo, which is both strong and easy to repair.

Bamboo is not only a very good building material, but also tall and straight, beautiful, elegant and soft. It is green as pine, proud of snow and frost as plum, simple and elegant, and has always been praised by people. Bai Juyi once wrote Bamboo Cultivation. He said: "Bamboo is like a saint, solid, straight, empty and loyal", "Virtue is real, body is straight, body is virtual, loyalty is ambition", which makes a gentleman think about "good construction, impartiality, virtual application and reputation. Take the moral integrity of bamboo as a model of self-cultivation. Su Dongpo loves bamboo even more. He said: "Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo. Without meat, people are thin, without bamboo, people are vulgar. "Therefore, in the garden, in addition to planting bamboo beside the pavilion, the pavilion is built with bamboo to pursue the elegant taste of beauty and purity, which has won the favor of the world.

Tongting

According to The Scholars, a bronze pavilion was built on the rockery of Zhanyuan in Wang Fu, Zhongshan, Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, where a fire could be made to keep warm. There are not many existing copper pavilions, such as Mount Taishan Golden Que, Baoyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace, Jindian in Ming Fengshan, Kunming, and Wutai Mountain Copper Pavilion. Strictly speaking, they are not pavilions, but pavilion-style buildings, but they are customarily called "bronze pavilions".

The copper pavilion is also built in imitation of a wooden structure. Take Baoyunge as an example. It is 7.5 meters high and weighs 4 1.4 thousand Jin. It is surrounded by a diamond-shaped fan. Columns, beams, buckets, arches, rafters, tiles, roofs, Kowloon plaques, couplets, etc. They are all exactly the same. Because of its crab yellow color, exquisite shape and complicated technology, it is a rare treasure in the world.

Cuojiao pavilion

Four pavilions with sharp corners on the eaves. Yuan Guan Hanqing's "Butterfly Dream" is the second fold: "Look at that rotten flower, look at that warm spring. There is a corner pavilion among the flowers, and there is a spider web on the pavilion. " Yuan Anonymous's "Striving for Grace" is the second fold: "I jumped over this wall. It turned out to be a garden, and a candle was lit in a corner pavilion in the distance. "