● Teaching focus
Guide students to feel the beautiful environment of the Peach Blossom Garden, simple human feelings, a peaceful and stable life with plenty of food and clothing, and democratic and equal interpersonal relationships.
● Teaching difficulties
Understand the purpose of Tao Yuanming's fiction of this confusing paradise, and correctly evaluate the ideal realm depicted in the article.
● Teaching methods
1. Read aloud. The language in this paper is concise, vivid, popular and fluent, and teachers can guide students to read and recite. First of all, read clearly, that is, read the sentences clearly and have a reasonable rhythm; Secondly, read fluently, speak fluently and rhyme forcefully. There are many antithetical sentences and four sentences in this paper, and we should also pay attention to reading out the sense of symmetry. On the basis of repeated reading, read and recite.
2. Read by taste. On the basis of perceiving the content of the text as a whole, guide students to taste it step by step. Through imagination, description, analysis, reasoning and other activities, students are encouraged to appreciate beauty, explore the scope, pay attention to cultivating students' imagination and expression ability, and train students' analytical generalization ability and appreciation ability.
An English writer once said, "A person who loves life can find beautiful factors even in the most painful times." Students often have the experience that when something goes wrong and they are upset and depressed, they will think of happy things. Tao Yuanming, a famous poet living in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had a rough life, but pinned his hopes on a beautiful vision. The Peach Blossom Garden expresses his pursuit and desire for the ideal of life.
Second, briefly introduce the author, works and writing background.
：
(1) The antithesis sentence and the four sentences should be read with a sense of symmetry, such as "Suddenly meeting/Peach Blossom Forest, holding the shore/hundred steps, no trees/miscellaneous trees in the middle, fragrant grass/delicious, falling in love/colorful."
(2) intonation and rhythm should read priorities and feelings. For example, "A asks what is going on in the world today, B doesn't know whether there are Han people, and C doesn't care about Wei and Jin Dynasties." In short, words with bullets should be stressed and the tone should be slightly slower; Sentence A is slightly lighter to read, while sentences B and C have ups and downs to read; There is a long pause after sentence A, and sentences B and C are closely connected. Reading in this way can better read the meaning of emotion.
Fourth, on the basis of familiar reading, let students translate.
Teachers should emphasize and supplement appropriately according to the students' situation and conduct tests. The topic is six sentences in the courseware, which can be supplemented appropriately.
After that, students can repeat the text.
The teacher reminded the students:
(1) You can repeat it completely in your own words and insert some words to make the whole story coherent.
(2) According to the content of the text, use imagination to add some details reasonably to make the story more complete.
Choose two students to retell the text, and the other students will comment.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Students read the text together.
Six, class summary, homework assignment
1 recite the text
2. What impression did Peach Blossom Garden leave on you?
Second lesson
[teaching points]
Step by step taste and imagine the strangeness of Taoyuan's ideal world; In-depth discussion on the reasons for Tao Yuanming's fiction of this ideal society, and students' comments on his ideal; Summarize the full text.
[Teaching Steps]
First, students read the text together.
Ask the students: What kind of world do you think Peach Blossom Garden is through reading the text?
Second, read the text step by step.
1. Understand the clues of the text by practicing "Taoyuan".
2. Explore the strangeness of Taoyuan world:
Question: What kind of place do you think the Peach Blossom Garden in the text is through the study of the text? Where did you see it in the text?
Can be understood as the following three points:
Imagine the beauty of Taoyuan.
(1) Read the sentences describing the beauty of the external and internal environment of the Peach Blossom Garden by name.
(2) Question: The scenery of Taohuayuan is really beautiful. What kind of picture comes to your mind? Please choose a scenic spot and describe it with the phrase "Look at the beauty here".
The students rushed to answer and described their beautiful reverie in beautiful language.
Qing: The peach grove here is beautiful. Look, it is two or three miles long, and there are no other trees in the middle. At first glance, it looks like a pink rosy cloud. The flowers and plants on the ground are bright and beautiful, shining in the sun, like eyes and stars. The petals on the tree fall like butterflies. ...
You see, the land here is beautiful, as flat as a rock and as boundless as a big blanket. ...
The houses here are very beautiful. You see, they are neatly arranged, and the smoke from the kitchen is curling up. ...
The fields here are beautiful. You see, the fields are fertile and the crops are thriving. The water in the pool is clear, and the fish are carefree. ...
You see, the mulberry trees and bamboos here are lush and shining in the sun. ...
The buildings here are beautiful. You see, they are intertwined and divide the field into neat squares, like a huge chessboard. ...
Teacher's summary: Listening to everyone's description, it seems that there is a beautiful picture in front of you. Taoyuan is very beautiful. Its beauty lies in its elegant environment, beautiful scenery, rich resources, tranquility and peace.
2. Understand the "happiness" of Taoyuan.
Question: Peach Blossom Garden is beautiful and full of joy. Who can feel the joy of the Peach Blossom Garden in the article?
Students are very clear: men, women and children, fishermen.
Question: What do they enjoy respectively? Please talk in your capacity and tone as one of them.
Teachers communicate with students in the form of interviews with reporters, and students feel the joy of life in Taoyuan as characters in the text.
Students clearly: (1) Although men are tired of farming, they are glad that they can live and work in peace and contentment without military service and suffering from war.
(2) Although women are busy picking mulberry, sericulture, weaving and sewing clothes, they are happy to live a peaceful and stable life, free from oppression and exploitation.
(3) Old people (yellow hair) "enjoy themselves" and enjoy a sense of security and ample food and clothing.
(4) Children (bereavement) "enjoy themselves", enjoy peace and happiness, and have no worries.
(5) Fishermen are happy because they are warmly invited and warmly received. Because they are happy in Taoyuan, people are democratic, equal, harmonious and intimate.
Student summary: Peach Blossom Garden enjoys democracy and equality, peace and stability, ample food and clothing, and simple folk customs.
3. Comment on the "strangeness" of Taoyuan.
Q: The beauty and joy of the Peach Blossom Garden are fascinating, and the mystery of the Peach Blossom Garden is even more fascinating. So, where is the "wonder" of Taoyuan? Please use the sentence "odd, that's because" to illustrate your understanding, and try to answer with the original sentence.
Students discuss and communicate.
Students are clear: essence, benevolence and trace gas.
(1) Qi Jing. Tao Lynch, that's because "there are hundreds of steps on the shore, and there are no miscellaneous trees in it. The grass is fragrant and colorful." The cave is strange because it "seems to have light" and has a strange shape. "It was very narrow at first, so you can pass people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. "
(2) People are very strange. People are strange because "men and women are familiar with clothes", "surprised to see fishermen" and "I wonder if there were any Han people in Wei and Jin Dynasties".
(3) tracking singularity. The reason why it is amazing is that the fisherman "got his boat when he came out, so he helped the road and was determined to win everywhere", while the Taishou actually "found his ambition, but he couldn't get the road", and the celebrity's visit turned out to be "unsuccessful, and eventually found his illness" and "nobody cared about it later".
Other understandings are also possible.
3. The whole class read the text together and wandered in this beautiful, happy and confused Taoyuan scenic spot.
Third, in-depth discussion of the text, understand the purpose of writing
Did such an ideal society exist at that time? Then why did the author write it? How should we evaluate an ideal society like Taohuayuan?
Fourth, class summary.
In order to pursue light and ideals, our ancestors persevered and went on wave after wave. Peach Blossom Garden is not Tao Yuanming's passive escape, but the support of his brilliant ideal. A poem in Mao Zedong's Lushan Mountain: "Ling Tao doesn't know where to go? You can farm in the peach blossom garden. " Tao Yuanming's pursuit of an ideal society has been fully affirmed. In the face of the great changes in China in the Millennium, when the people of China really stand up, I want to ask: Are there any miracles on earth that cannot be created? Now all parts of the motherland are not Taoyuan, but better than Taoyuan. If Tao Gong knows what's going on underground, I don't know why he's happy.
Today in the 2 1 century, students will be able to aim high and forge ahead bravely towards their own ideals. (Students recite the text together and end their study of the text)
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
● Activities and surveys
First, the design of writing activities
1. Find out the sentences that describe the scenery of Taolin in the text. Please describe the peach grove that the fisherman saw in a paragraph. About 200 words. Try to write the combination of static and dynamic environment and the colors of different levels of scenery.
2. "The fishermen are sorry for what they said and heard." Judging from the villagers' reaction, can we describe the fishermen's dialogue in language? Please combine the historical background with the central meaning of the article.
(hint: the disaster suffered in the catastrophe of the regime change war)
Second, the idea of organizing a debate.
Some people say that Peach Blossom Garden is Tao Yuanming's ideal sustenance, while others say that Peach Blossom Garden is Tao Yuanming's passive escape. How did you know?
Debate:
Peach Blossom Garden —— Tao Yuanming's Ideal (Positive)
Peach Blossom Garden —— Tao Yuanming's Passive Escape (Opposing Party)
Divide the class into two groups, and each group chooses a debater to participate in the competition. If the arguments are sufficient, well-founded and convincing, priority will be given to encouraging the winners.
Appendix to lesson preparation materials
1. About Peach Blossom Garden
Tao Yuanming pinned his social ideal on the Peach Blossom Garden. Wang Anshi, a reformer and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Peach Blossom Garden Tour": "Although there are fathers and sons, there are no princes and ministers." He marveled at the democracy and equality of Taoyuan, and his poems revealed his admiration for Xanadu.
Coincidentally, in 15 16, Moore in Britain also invented a utopia island: here, the property is public, everyone participates in labor, lives a rich life and lives and works in peace and contentment. A hundred years later, the Italian Componilla also conceived a beautiful sun city: no private property, no exploitation and oppression, men's farming and women's weaving, no matter what they do, are respected, and everyone lives a happy life.
2. Study on Peach Blossom Garden
There is a small mouth in the mountain. If there is light, Meichikou hides fertile land.
Fishermen are lucky enough to have a few guests to stay for a few days and enjoy the fragrance of Taoyuan.
Since the publication of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, there have been a lot of annotations and explanations in past dynasties. People are very concerned about where the Peach Blossom Garden is.
People who say that Lushan Kangwang Valley is eloquent. Kangwang Valley, commonly known as Lushan Dragon. Take a bus from Xing Zi County to Shankou, then walk a few kilometers north along Nanshan Highway leading to Lushan Mountain, abandon the car and walk to a place called Guankou, and you can enter Lushan Mountain. This is a 7-kilometer-long top secret valley. "In the whole valley, the peaks are facing each other, cotton stretches, Hanyang Peak is the highest in the east, and Ma Peak in Changling is in the west. It is surrounded by forests, streams and springs flow downstream, and bamboo forests are delicate and flowery. Houses are surrounded by mountains and rivers, covered with green shade, buildings crisscross, paddy fields and dry land, and men and women cultivate, showing a scene of a paradise "(introduction to Lushan tourism). The "gourd mouth" into the valley is extremely narrow. As soon as you step into the mouth of the valley, the sounds of streams and Woods will come to your face, but you can see towering green mountains, towering old trees, streams that turn with the mountains, and paths that enter along the streams. The mountain is heavy, and the water is heavy. After twists and turns, a blue sky appears overhead. You can walk two or three miles along the stream and the path. The mountain gradually slowed down and a village appeared in front of us. The countryside is lush, "the house looks like", and the sound of chickens and dogs is endless. If you enter the deep mountains in spring, the peach blossoms on the shore burn incense, and the clouds are mixed, like silk and flowers, just like entering the legendary fairyland.
Lushan Mountain is a deep and narrow valley, known as Kangwang Valley in history, and it is determined to win. The Map of Nankang Army in Song Dynasty shows that when Qin destroyed Chu, his son Kang Wang took refuge in the valley, and Qin chased Wang Jian urgently. Fortunately, it rained heavily, and Kang Wang was able to escape. Since then, he has lived in seclusion in the valley, "never to return." Kangwanggu was named after this. According to "Xing Zi County Records", there is still a village named "Konka in the Mid-Levels" at the end of the valley, and some people live in Konka. In the valley of Kang Wang, not only the beautiful scenery is exactly the same as that described in the Peach Blossom Garden, but also the story of Kang Wang, the king of Chu, taking refuge coincides with what Ling Tao said: "The ancestors avoided the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led their wives to this desperate situation" and "He was isolated from outsiders". Tao Yuanming has lived in the southern foot of Lushan Mountain for a long time, and he must be very familiar with the scenery in the valley and the story of Kang Wang's refuge. Therefore, he should take Kangwanggu as the prototype of his life, conceive the situation of Taoyuan, make artistic creation and entrust his political ideal.
People who hold Lianyungang in Jiangsu swear. The west foot of Suzhou City, Yuntai Mountain Range, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, is also known as the Peach Blossom Garden under Tao Lingbi. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the sea on one side. There is no way to communicate with the outside world except crossing the Tiger Mouth Ridge. Among them, Kawahara is frank and beautiful, bamboo poles sway along the mountain, and the bend at the foot of the mountain leads to Gaogong Island, which is strikingly similar to the description in Peach Blossom Spring. Looking at the historical facts, Tao Yuanming did come to this place.
In recent years, Taoyuandong in Hunan is also called Peach Blossom Garden. Taoyuan Cave is located in the water flow at 15km southwest of Taoyuan County. It overlooks the Yuanjiang River, backed by green hills, shaded by pine and bamboo, and has beautiful scenery. During the Tang Dynasty, there were temples here. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Yuanmingyuan was rebuilt, and Taohuaguan, Shui Yuan Pavilion and Cable Car Island were built along the mountain under the name of Tao Yuanming.
Some scholars believe that Peach Blossom Spring is not an author's fiction or a fantasy re-creation, but a portrayal of Miao society living in Wuling area. The basis is that Liu, a scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote in "A Tale of Different Gardens": "At the beginning of Yuanjia, he shot deer and drove them into caves to accommodate people. When he entered the cave, he saw a ladder beside him. Because I climbed the ladder, I was suddenly enlightened and the mulberry fruit became more and more obvious. " The Miao people in Wuling county have a long history of worshipping peach blossoms, and there is a custom of "inviting guests home and setting wine to kill chickens for food".
In fact, all the above statements reflect the fact that people have a feeling of admiration for their hometown and historical celebrities. According to statistics, there are more than ten places in China that are suspected to be the prototype of Peach Blossom Garden.
Shi Wen supermarket
Fisherman lies.
Jintaiyuan, a native of Wuling, takes fishing as his profession. ...
One day, he stumbled into a village surrounded by mountains, and the village suddenly jumped. Men, women and children came to see him and regarded him as a stranger.
He has never seen such a strange village. All man-made things are different from the outside. Residents are like the characters painted in the play, but they seem to be true or not.
He said that in the eyes of residents, he is also a different kind, and residents are obviously surprised and curious.
Fortunately, languages can communicate with each other. After talking, we knew that neither side was malicious, so an old man came forward to invite fishermen to his home.
The old man looked at the fisherman's lower body all the way. The old man said that their ancestors settled in this isolated place in order to escape the tyranny of Qin Shihuang. The old man sat on the table, looked at the fisherman's legs over and over again, hesitated several times, and made the fisherman suddenly embarrassed.
Finally, the old man couldn't help it. He pointed to the fisherman's leg: "Brother, what is this ... what are you wearing?"
"It's pants!" The fisherman is puzzled.
The old man looked at his trousers repeatedly and muttered. He asked the women in the village to sew quickly, and the whole village wore pants.
The fisherman wants to know how many people are in the village. The old man became sentimental. The population is already large, and typhoid fever was prevalent the year before last. ...
Typhoid fever is fatal, and Zhang Fangzi was handed down from the Han Dynasty. ...
Han dynasty? You mean the Han Dynasty? Is it not the Qin dynasty but the Han dynasty now?
Not the Qin Dynasty, nor the Han Dynasty, but the Jin Dynasty.
Alas, the first emperor's plan of "eternal life in one department" is also a dream of spring. Why did he burn books to bury Confucianism in the first place? However, when the regime changes, the people will suffer a disaster. Thanks to their ancestors, they all escaped. The outside world is terrible, and now they don't like the outside world even more. They have repeatedly urged fishermen not to tell where they live.
But how can the fisherman keep his mouth shut? The fisherman went home and told his adventures along the way. The whole Wuling has spread, even Liu Ziji of Nanyang has heard about it, and the county satrap has also been reported.
The satrap said, "Is this the land of kings? It's outrageous that so many people are hiding from food! " ! What if one day they want to rebel?
Liu Ziji went to see the satrap: "I sent someone to that place to open a shop specializing in pants. My people can be the eyes and ears of the satrap. "
A scholar from camel went to see Liu Ziji: "Do you want me to set up a stall in front of your shop and tell a story? Talk about the kingdom of the Han Dynasty and advertise your shop by the way. "
With the support of the satrap, these people organized an expedition, guided by fishermen, to find the earth. They "walked along the edge of the stream" ... suddenly they met the peach blossom forest ... The water ran out, so they got a mountain ... "
But the tunnel into the mountain can no longer be found.
The fisherman was sweating with anxiety. Then, Liu Ziji and others were exhausted. After consulting each other, they decided that everyone had been taken in by the fisherman. The fisherman's so-called adventure is nothing but bragging and lying.
The fisherman is also puzzled: am I lost, still dreaming, or daydreaming because of the heavy tax?
As a result of this incident, the fisherman got 50 big boards at the Taishou and was accused of spreading rumors and causing trouble.
(Excerpted from Wang Dingjun's "Catch a Butterfly with a Thousand Hands")
This article is a joke about Peach Blossom Garden. The fisherman's integrity has been lost. He broke his promise and was punished as a result. This article tells us that honesty cannot be abandoned.