Ladies and gentlemen, we are now in Tiananmen Square, the largest city center square in the world, with an area of 440,000 square meters. The geographical position of Beijing in the world is based on the latitude and longitude of the square (east longitude: 1 16 23' 17 ",north latitude: 39"). It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching the historical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtianmen Square, and there was a T-shaped square. Of course, there are none now. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was changed to the present Tiananmen Square. After the Revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place for mass movements, and the famous May 4th Movement and the December 29th Student Movement all took place here. The most famous event here, as I'm sure you know, was in founding ceremony at 1949. 10. 1. At that time, 300,000 people gathered here to celebrate the founding of New China. After liberation, the T-Square was demolished and large buildings such as the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the History Museum and the Revolution Museum were built. In 76, after the death of the Chairman, the Chairman's Memorial Hall was established in the original site of Zhonghua Gate, thus forming the architectural pattern of today's square. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the National Day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovations to make it more beautiful, spectacular and tidy. You must be longing for the Tiananmen Square I described. It doesn't matter. I will introduce them to you one by one in the next tour.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtianmen, which was just a wooden archway, meaning "to inherit the apocalypse and return to the destiny". However, it was burned in the Ming Dynasty. Later, nine pagodas were built, nine wide and five deep, which truly reflected the emperor's respect for the Ninth Five-Year Plan. But in the late Ming dynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the tower was rebuilt and renamed as the square, the other three imperial gates were renamed with the word "An", and the three main halls of the Forbidden City were renamed with the word "He", which reflected the good wish of internal and external peace. This is the tower we see now, which consists of three parts: the city base, the city platform and the tower. The pedestal is a white marble pedestal, which is the highest pedestal in ancient China, with a height of 1.59 m. Urban platform height14.6m. The tower is located on the top of the mountain with double eaves, which is the highest level of the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After 70 years of reconstruction, it has risen by one meter.
This tower with a very high building grade also plays an important role. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever a national ceremony was held, a ceremony of "golden phoenix issued an imperial edict" was held on the tower. After the imperial edict was announced, a woodcarving golden phoenix was placed on the yellow thread machine and went down the wall with the imperial edict in his mouth. The officials of the Ministry of Rites caught it with a cloud tray, then put it in the Longting, praised it to the Ministry of Rites, and then promulgated it to the world. ) and whenever the emperor goes out to worship, this is the only way. The most important moment of the new China was born here. Chairman solemnly announced the establishment of the new China at Tiananmen Gate and personally denounced the first five-star red flag of the new China. The portrait of the chairman hanging on the tower should be replaced every year before the National Day.
The road we are taking now is the Capital Airport Expressway, which was completed in 1992 and opened to traffic in 1993. The total length of Capital Airport Expressway is 18km, the subgrade width is 34.5m, it has six lanes in both directions, emergency parking zones with a width of 3m on both sides of the road are fully enclosed and interconnected, and the design speed is120km/h. The starting point is Sanyuan Bridge, and it takes 10 minute to get from Sanyuan Bridge to Capital International Airport. For the structural layer of expressway pavement, foreign asphalt modification technology is introduced, and plastic or rubber is mixed into ordinary asphalt to change the high-temperature and low-temperature stability of asphalt, so that it will not soften at high temperature of 60℃ and embrittle at low temperature of MINUS 30℃, and it can also enhance wear resistance, reduce noise and greatly prolong service life. The use of modified asphalt is the first time in domestic expressway construction. Capital Airport Expressway 1 km, 1 100 million yuan. Known as the first road in the country. When you come to China and Beijing, no matter how old and ordinary you are, you have to fly to Beijing from this expressway.
Usually we talk about Beijing. Where is Beijing? When you officially arrive at the Third Ring Road, you will be called to Beijing. Sanyuan Bridge, the starting point of our airport expressway, is connected with the Third Ring Road. What is ternary? According to the imperial examination system, Xie Yuan, Huiyuan, and Champion were the first places in the provincial examination, general examination and palace examination, which were collectively called "Sanyuan". In succession, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the first place in the general examination and the first place in the senior high school entrance examination in the palace examination named Lianzhong Sanyuan. Take the Qing Dynasty as an example. In the old society, the whole process of imperial examination began at the grass-roots level of government, state and county, which was called children's examination. Those who take the exam are called Tong Sheng, those who pass the exam are called scholar, and the first one is called desk. The official higher-level national examination is called provincial examination, which is held in the provincial capital. The candidates are scholars from all over the country. After the exam, it is called Juren, and the first name is "Xie Yuan"; The next level is the exam, which is held in the department of rites. The one who took the exam was Juren. After the exam, he was called Gong Sheng, and the first place was Hui Yuan. Palace examination was held in the palace, presided over by the emperor himself, and the candidate was Gong Sheng, who was called Jinshi after taking the exam. The first place in palace examination was awarded as the "Top Scholar". The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of 1000 years, and 17 people can win three yuan.
"Ten years of cold window, nobody cares, and became famous in one fell swoop"; "There is Yan Ruyu in the book, and there is a golden house in the book ..." These famous sayings inspired many students to work hard, hang their beams and stab their stocks, drill stereotyped writing, and go forward bravely. So which student has the best exam results? Actually, it's not. The emperor chooses which one is pleasing to the eye. You are handsome. You are the champion. Therefore, it is not enough to study well, not only to study well but also to grow well. Where are we now? After the financial turmoil, the employment pressure has become more severe. We college students all say that it is better to study well than to marry well, and to marry well is better than to live well. Why did the ancient champion have to be knowledgeable and handsome? Why? Because the emperor wants to do an article for the whole world to see, after winning the first prize, he usually parades the streets with big red flowers. The emperor wants the whole world to know that studying hard will make a difference and he will have high honor. But what if an ugly classmate wins the first prize? The emperor will feel humiliated. It's not your fault that you are ugly. Scaring people is your fault. So is it awesome to be the number one scholar? In fact, because of personal factors or the constraints of the environment at that time, he could not reach out and make a difference in life. Especially in ancient times, there were many systems specially used to limit the number one scholar, because the number one scholar was smart and handsome, and he was a highly dangerous figure for the emperor, who would rob me of my throne and pick up girls. The most abnormal thing is that in the Five Dynasties, it was stipulated in the Southern Han Dynasty that the person who won the first prize must be castrated first, that is, castrated. No matter how handsome you are, there is nothing you can do. There are many interesting stories about the champion Lang, which can be told when we go to the Forbidden City.
Dear tourists, I feel very honored to be your tour guide today. I hope to bring happiness to everyone on this perfect day.
Tourists, now we come to the promenade. Look how beautiful it is! Red painted railings and green painted columns are endless. This corridor is more than 700 meters long and divided into 273 rooms. There are colorful paintings on the sill of each room, depicting people, flowers and scenery. No two of thousands of paintings are the same. You don't believe it, but it's true. How much wisdom can you show by building this beautiful corridor?
After the promenade, if you want to visit the island in the center of Kunming Lake, you must cross a stone bridge. This stone bridge has seventeen spans, called seventeen span bridge; There are hundreds of stone pillars on the railing of the bridge, all of which are carved with little lions in different postures, and no two of them are the same.
Dear tourists, the journey to the Summer Palace is over. Goodbye.
The river in front of Tiananmen Square is called Jinshui River. Then why is it called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest of Beijing, it belongs to gold in the west and water in the north among the five elements of Yin and Yang, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the seven white marble bridges on the river are Jinshui Bridge. The two bridges next to it are called Gong Sheng Bridge, which correspond to the ancestral hall and the social altar respectively, that is, the Working People's Cultural Palace and Zhongshan Park. In the middle is the Royal Bridge, which is dedicated to the emperor and queen. The two bridges next to them are the royal bridges where the royal princes walk, and the two bridges next to them are grade bridges, and only officials above grade three can pass.
In front of Jinshui Bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right. The lion on the left and the lioness on the right. How do we distinguish males from females? Because the lion is stepping on hydrangea, and the lioness is a young lion. Now in order to protect the cultural relics, the pair of lions have been protected by fences. Before and after Tiananmen Square, there are a pair of China watches. In fact, the original name of China Watch was Fei Mu, which was established by the emperor to show that he could adopt and accept opinions, and gradually evolved into today's China Watch. The animal at the top of it is called Hou, Wang Junchu on the North China table, which means to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's feelings, and Wang Jungui on the south end, which means that the emperor should not miss the world outside the palace and return to the palace to handle government affairs in time.
Now, please turn around. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In Ming and Qing dynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south imperial road in the middle. There are thousand steps corridors on both sides of the Imperial Road, and there are 1 10 rooms on both sides. On the south side of Chang 'an Avenue, there are 34 rooms along the red wall, so there are 228 rooms in the Qianbu Corridor. At the southernmost tip of Imperial Road, it was Daming Gate in Ming Dynasty and changed to Daqingmen in Qing Dynasty. The doors on the east and west sides are Chang 'an Left Gate and Chang 'an Right Gate, also called Longmen and Humen respectively. Because after the expedition, the yellow list was announced at the left gate of Chang 'an, and the Jinshi exam had to enter the imperial city from here, so it was called Longmen. The reason for Humen is that after the first frost every year, the court will examine the prisoners, and the prisoners who have been examined are taken out of the right gate of Chang' an, which is equivalent to falling into the tiger's mouth, so it is called Humen. And these are all related to the five elements.
In ancient China, there was a saying of "Wen Wu Dong Xi", so the east and west sides of former Brown were the locations of five hospitals and six departments. On the east side of the square, the area around the current History Museum is basically the central civilian organs, while on the west side, the Great Hall of the People, there are five military commanders and special agent Jin Yiwei. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the imperial city, the north and south gates, namely the East Gongsheng Gate and the West Gongsheng Gate, were built outside the Humen Gate of Longmen.
Message from Beijing tour guide 5 Ladies and gentlemen,
Our activity this afternoon is to visit Hutong and Siheyuan. Hutongs and quadrangles are the organisms of Beijing in history, the cells that constitute society, the places where old Beijingers rest and struggle, and the powerful testimony of Beijing's historical evolution. To really understand the life of Beijingers, we have to drill hutongs and string quadrangles.
In order to add interest to your tour, I will introduce you some knowledge about Hutong and Siheyuan by car.
Ladies and gentlemen, don't underestimate the hutongs and quadrangles in Beijing, let alone regard them as places where people live and stay. If you listen to me, you will find that Beijing's hutongs and quadrangles contain such rich cultural connotations of China! Let me introduce some knowledge about hutong first.
Compared with the busy streets, Beijing's hutongs are indeed a bit inconspicuous, but according to expert research, people studied hutongs in the Ming Dynasty, and it has a research history of 500 to 600 years. The writing of hutong in Ming dynasty is different from that of today, which is to put the word "hutong" in the middle of the word "line" respectively. For example, the word "Tun" in "Tun [Collection] of Wuchengfang Lane in Beijing" published in the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1560) is a typical early document proof. The Ming people were very proud of this writing, saying that Hu and Tong meant "great harmony among Hu people", which on the surface had the connotation of "great unity among ethnic minorities", but both of them were sandwiched between "lines", suggesting that the Mongols (rulers of the Yuan Dynasty) would leave sooner or later.
Many experts in the past dynasties have studied the word Hutong from many angles, some from the perspective of phonology, some from the perspective of morphological development, and some from the perspective of dialects ... Finally, the concentrated results show that the word Hutong was originally Mongolian. According to the Annals of Toponymy in Beijing published in the 1940s, in Mongolia, a tribe slightly larger than a village is called Hutong, and some experts say that Hutong is a transliteration of Mongolian "Houte". Haote is a town, including hutong.
The textual research of Mr. Zhang, former vice president of Inner Mongolia University, is more convincing. He believes that Hutong is a transliteration of Mongolian "hottog", which means water well. Some people translate it as "living more" or "interaction". Now there are still places named after this sound in Inner Mongolia, such as Saiyin Hudong (good well), Wuke Hudong (dead well) and Haye Hudong (double well). Beijing has always been centered on wells and scattered residents.
As the word Hutong comes from Mongolian, it may have appeared in the Yuan Dynasty when the Mongols ruled Beijing. Sure enough, people found the word "Hutong" in Yuan Zaju. Wang Shifu, a great dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty, sang and danced in the beautiful spring room, with the lyrics of "I just took a golden alley", and other dramas in the Yuan Dynasty also made similar discoveries, such as "Farewell to my mother, I went to an alley" (Three Movements), "My family lives in a brick tower alley" ("Boiling the Sea on Salmon Island").
As the word Hutong only appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, but Beijing is an ancient city with a history of more than 3,000 years, people may ask, before the Yuan Dynasty, what were the streets and lanes in Beijing called? The answer is simple. At that time, the Beijing area was based on the old system handed down from ancient times, called street, lane, lane and lane. This can be confirmed by the place names in Xuanwu District. Because the history of Xuanwu District is earlier than that of the inner city. In other words, Xuanwu District (Guji City) came into being first, and then the inner city (Yuandadu) came into being. Therefore, there are relatively few places called Hutong in Xuanwu District, while there are many places called Fang, Xiang, Li and Jie, such as Nanheng Street, Baizhifang, Huakangli and Qingquan Lane.
Dear ladies and gentlemen, children,
Hello everyone!
I'm Sheng Zexi, today's tour guide. You can call me Xiao Sheng. Today we are going to visit the Temple of Heaven, which is one of the world-famous cultural heritages. Today, I am very happy to enjoy its beautiful scenery and architecture with you. I wish you a happy life. Have fun! .
The Temple of Heaven is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to heaven. It was built in Yongle 18 (1420) in Ming Dynasty, and was built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty after continuous expansion. Since its completion, it has been a dedicated altar for the emperor to worship heaven, which lasted for 490 years until 19 1 1 the feudal monarchy of the Xinhai Revolution ended, and it also completed its mission. 19 18 was turned into a park, and people came and went from then on. 1957 was included in the first batch of historical buildings and cultural relics protection units in Beijing. 196 1 was listed in the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.
Tiantan Park has an area of 2.05 million square meters, and there are four groups of ancient buildings, namely, prayer altar, dome altar, fasting palace and Shenle.
There are more than 600 ancient buildings in 92 buildings. It is the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex in the world. There are more than 3,500 ancient cypress pagodas in Gu Song in the Temple of Heaven, all of which are over several hundred years old. The Temple of Heaven is not only the altar of ancient emperors in China, but also the crystallization of China's long-standing culture of offering sacrifices to heaven. Its magnificent architecture, verdant ancient trees and rich collection of cultural relics not only record the hopes and hopes of ancient China ancestors, but also record the wisdom, fatuity and decay of feudal emperors.
Dear tourists and friends, our tour today is coming to an end. I am very happy to spend this wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guide today, please criticize and correct me. Thank you!
Hello, welcome to the Great Wall of World Heritage. I'm Zhong Xinyu. You can call me Jason Chung. The Great Wall is a world heritage. It is extremely long, like a long dragon hovering on the mountainside. The Great Wall was built by ancient working people. As long as I think that many people have died there, my heart is extremely heavy.
Without weightlifting machines and other useful tools and machines, only relying on countless hands and shoulders, how many people's blood condensed into the Great Wall of Wan Li despite the cold and heat. So please protect our Wan Li Great Wall. Children, please follow us closely, so as not to get lost, and don't scribble on the white wall tiles. This is a disrespect for the ancient working people.
There are so many scenic spots on the Great Wall that I can't finish talking and see them enough. At this moment, please enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Great Wall! Please don't throw away all the rubbish such as peels and scraps of paper while playing, or our beautiful Great Wall will become a garbage factory. If you throw the peel around, others will slip when you step on it. For the safety of tourists, please don't go to dangerous places to play and take pictures. The beautiful scenery of the Great Wall is waiting for you, so go and visit it! Meet there at three o'clock in the afternoon. Have fun!
According to official statistics, the average life expectancy of Beijingers has reached 80 years, compared with 60 years before the reform and opening up. Why? Living standards have improved, China society is developing, and so is Beijing. In the past, only emperors could eat it, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. Now ordinary people can also buy the silk worn by the former emperor. The jade brought by the former emperor was good for health. We can also buy it now. Tongrentang, a medicinal material with a history of more than 300 years, used to be exclusively used by the royal family. In particular, Empress Dowager Cixi took Tongrentang's Wuji Baifeng Pills all the year round. Now we can also buy it, as well as cloisonne ornamental products specially designed for the royal family. To put it simply, the royal family eats, dresses and plays well. For the sake of health, we can all do it, except for the emperor's harem of 3 thousand, so many women we can't do it. When we travel to Beijing, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts to our relatives and friends, it will be very embarrassing, which can support the development of tourism in Beijing and improve our taste in life. When it comes to taste, men are divided into six grades. A first-class man has a home outside his home, a second-class man has flowers outside his home, a third-class man finds a home among flowers, a fourth-class man comes home from work, a fifth-class man comes home from work, his wife is not at home, and a sixth-class man comes home from work to accompany him. Women can be divided into four categories: first-class beauties crossing the sea, second-class beauties in Shenzhen and Zhuhai, third-class beauties in Beijing and Shanghai, and fourth-class beauties at home.
So what do we usually call beautiful women in Beijing? Older people are called sisters, older people are called aunts, and younger people are called girls. Men are generally called brothers, and old people are called grandfathers. Children are collectively called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, old Beijing, call girls chickens, not girls. Beauty is not beauty, but honey. Call him, call him. I don't mind calling you. I'll call you from inside. Call women bitches, not women. Call men men men, not men. Calling a friend is not a friend, but porcelain. Don't call him lover, call him gyro. Call it a little girl, not a little girl.
This is the name of Beijing, and Tianjin is more special. For example, some people call you sister, and some people don't. Anyway, no matter how old you are, even if you are only a teenager, there may be people in their fifties and sixties who call you sister instead of your sister. Some people call big brother, but they are not brothers or brothers. Even elderly grandmothers call boys in their twenties big brother, but not brothers. Some people call it uncle (Bai), but no one calls it uncle. That is to say, no matter where your father ranks at home, you should call him other brothers and uncles, and his father's younger brother is not called uncle. In short, it is basically shouting, this is the name of Tianjin, which is called the back garden of Beijing, and Beijingers will also drive there for their holidays. Tianjin is more than 0/00 kilometers away from Beijing/Kloc-,and it takes more than two hours to get to Tianjin by expressway. If we have time, we can visit another city by the way, and the fare is very low.
Hello, everyone, I'm a tour guide from Beijing International Tour Company. My name is Guan. On this day, I will travel to the Summer Palace with everyone. We have come to the famous seaside avenue at the moment. This corridor is more than 700 meters long. Divided into 273 rooms, there is a beautiful picture on the threshold of these 273 rooms, and none of them are the same.
After the long corridor, we came to the foot of Wanshou Mountain. Let's look at the mountainside. There is an octagonal roof with glazed tiles, which is the Foguang Pavilion. There is a palace around the Buddha Pavilion, which is the Paiyun Hall.
At this time, everyone followed me to the top of Wanshou Mountain. Looking ahead, a lake over there is Kunming Lake. There is a bridge on the upper reaches of Kunming Lake. There are seventeen holes on the bridge, also called seventeen-hole bridge. Over there is the Moon Wave Building, and someone wrote a couplet for him: a path of bamboo blocks the clouds, and half a curtain reflects the moon.
Well, our tour is over today. I wish you a happy mood.
Hello, everyone: I am your tour guide. You can call me Xiao Wang. Thank you in advance for visiting Beijing.
Do you know the meaning of the symbol "Bird's Nest"? Let me tell you something! Many people who have seen the design model of the "Bird's Nest" describe it this way: it is a warm bird's nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 65,438+10,000 people and woven with branches of steel mesh! The "nest" used to nurture and take care of life places human hopes for the future. Let me talk about the resource conservation of the "Bird's Nest". It is not easy to design and build the "Bird's Nest", and it is even more difficult to make the "Bird's Nest" full of vigor and vitality in the future. According to reports, the concept of thrifty hosting the Olympic Games and sustainable development has been running through the design of the "Bird's Nest" at the beginning and in the process of deepening the design. On the premise of meeting the Olympic functions, the balance between permanent facilities and temporary facilities should be fully considered. According to the requirements, the Bird's Nest has 654.38+million seats, of which 80,000 are permanent and the other 20,000 are temporarily added during the Olympic Games. I'll give you some time now. If you want to take pictures, you can take more pictures and leave more souvenirs. Ok, you can move freely!
Next, I will take you to the Water Cube, the National Swimming Center, which is located in the Beijing Olympic Park and started construction on February 24th, 2003. It is the main swimming pool built by Beijing for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, and it is also one of the landmark buildings of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
It and the National Stadium (commonly known as the Bird's Nest) are located on both sides of the northern end of Beijing's central axis, which together form a relatively complete image of Beijing's historical and cultural city.
During the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Aquatics Center will undertake swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo and other competitions, and can accommodate17,000 spectators, including 6,000 permanent spectators. During the Olympic Games,1/0,000 temporary seats will be added (to be removed after the games). After the Olympic Games, it will be built into an international advanced center integrating swimming, sports, fitness and leisure. Now let's enjoy ourselves!