The plum blossoms on the roadside are full, standing tall and beautiful; The season is open and there is a strong fragrance.

Chang 'e is accompanied by moonlight, looking indifferent; Blue jade girl is colder than frost.

Empty hands full of plum blossoms, but I don't know where to send them; And plum blossom's sad parting happened to meet me, heartbroken.

Who caused the flowers to bloom early, but didn't wait for the spring flowers to become the fragrant flowers of the old China New Year?

Tang Wenzong three years (838), Li Shangyin 26 years old. Wang Maoyuan, the envoy of Jingyuan (now Jingchuan County, Gansu Province), hired him as his aide, cherished his talent and married his daughter. Linghu Chu, to which Shang Yin belongs, belongs to Niu School, originally to Li School. Shang Yin doesn't pretend to be a member of any party, nor does he intend to seek wealth by marriage. The Niudang believed that Shang Yin entered the king's tent shortly after Linghu Chu's death and married the king's daughter, which was a betrayal of benevolence and righteousness. This year, Shang Yin took the official department's "Interpretation of Brown" exam, and was admitted in the first instance, but his name was erased by a "Chinese book elder" during the review. The following year, he was elected to the "Brown Interpretation" exam of the official department and awarded to the secretary of the provincial school. The headmaster's rank is not high, but his position is clear. Perhaps because of the fear and exclusion of the Niu Party, he was quickly transferred to Hongnongwei, from an honest official to a vulgar official. According to Zhang Caitian's "Yuxi Chronicle", this poem was written by Shang Yin when he took a leave of absence to go to Jingxi to meet his bride. The plum blossom image described in the poem is neither timely nor beautiful, which reflects his unfortunate situation of repeated setbacks in the imperial examination and official career. The "Fufeng" in the poem title, the county name, is located in Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, where the poet went to Jingyuan.

When the first couplet of the poem was written, the whole article was picked up. Turn, turn. "Pavilion" is beautiful and straight. "Out of date" is inappropriate. Plum blossoms are usually seen after waxing, and 1 1 month is open, which is inconsistent with normal solar terms, so it is cloudy. "Meet (easy), rich in aroma. In the cold weather of late autumn and early winter, the frustrated poet trudged alone in the barren hills of the northwest plateau, feeling very lonely. On this day, he came to the boundary of Fufeng, and suddenly saw clusters of white plum blossoms blooming on both sides of the post road. They are slim and graceful, emitting a refreshing fragrance, and the poet can't help but be surprised and happy. However, when he stopped to appreciate the beautiful fragrance of plum blossoms, he suddenly felt deep inside. He thought of his life experience from this immature plum blossom. When I was young, my talent came out early and was appreciated by famous ministers such as Ling Huchu, Cui Rong and Wang Maoyuan. Unexpectedly, he was later involved in the whirlpool of party struggle for no reason, and was rejected for many exams. He is guilty and wants to go back to heaven and earth, but he can't enter the court. Isn't his miserable life like this premature plum blossom in front of him? Therefore, the poet can't help but feel deep sympathy and pity for Zao Mei, and spit out these two poems from the heart. The poet not only admired the beauty of plum blossom, but also regretted that it bloomed too early. Ten words express the poet's complex feelings and show his lyrical intention. The overlapping of "Tingting" and "He Miaomiao" describes the beauty and fragrance of plum blossom respectively, which makes the poem full of music and rhythm at the beginning and creates a colorful, fragrant, beautiful and lonely realm. " Turning the Road and Inappropriate awakened the poetic titles Fufeng Street and November respectively. That is, we have seen the refinement of the poet's language.

The two couplets in the middle are closely related to the poetry of plum blossoms. Zhuan Xu writes about the coolness of the plum blossom environment. "Su E", Chang 'e. Because Chang 'e stole medicine and went to the moon, the moonlight was white, so it was called "Su E". Girl in Green, the goddess of frost and snow. Su E can only help her with the cold moonlight, while the young girl keeps frosting her. In the middle of November of the lunar calendar, it is the full moon in first frost. Therefore, this couplet was written on the frost moon, which also tied a specific time. Frost moon can certainly set off the elegant charm and aloof character of plum blossom. But here, mainly by rendering the cold environment in which plum blossoms live, the poet's own unfortunate situation is entrusted. Ji Yun's evaluation of these two sentences is: "People who love are empty and useless, while those who are jealous are actually harmful." (Review of Sui Lv Kui) quite to the point. In his view, the plum blossom reflected by Leng Yue in Su E is empty, which is not good for her; It is true that the girl in green is jealous of plum blossoms and it is harmful to her to keep frosting her. Obviously, "Su E" is a metaphor for those who love the poet's talent, including Wang Maoyuan. Their care and help did not save the poet from setbacks. "The girl in green" is a metaphor for someone who is jealous of him. Their attack on him hurt him, made him frustrated in the imperial examination, sent him to Jingzhou, and even became a mediocre official in a small county! This couplet, with one positive and one negative, one virtual and one real, expresses the feelings of resentment, resentment and sadness with the contrast in Bixing. "Su" and "Qing" are both pale colors literally, which aggravates the cold emotional atmosphere. "Wei Yu" and "Burao" flexibly cooperate with function words and verbs, and can also express feelings. It's hard to give away early plum blossoms in the necklaces. In ancient times, there was a custom of folding plums and giving them away. The last sentence implicitly uses the allusion in Jingzhou Ji: "Lu Kai and he are good friends. They sent a plum blossom branch from Jiangnan to Chang 'an and Ye, and gave a poem to Fan saying,' Fold the flower as a messenger and give it to the people in the faucet. Jiangnan has nothing, how can we talk about giving a spring? ""Plum blossom is a spring flower, and it is not suitable for giving away now, so it is called "empty-handed". Although jujube sister is in the palm of her hand, it is not yet late winter or early spring. If she can't give her the distant people she misses, she will feel hurt and heartbroken. The "injury" here is a pun, which means leaving friends and plum blossoms. If we say that the first two poets only implicitly and vaguely integrated sadness into the image; Then, the couplet poet couldn't stop writing his own sadness and tears, and his heart was almost broken. From the writing point of view, this couplet is also the application of the contrast between reality and reality. The last sentence says that although there are plenty of plum blossoms, it is better to send them far away and empty. The next sentence says that Zaomei is in hand, but it really hurts. In this way, the significance of the two sessions in China is even more closely related. It can be seen that the poet is meticulous in conception and meticulous in pen and ink.

At the end of the total collection. "Early show", early opening. "Nianfang" refers to the flowers that bloom at the right time of the year. Plum blossoms are not in spring, so we can't wait until the Spring Festival. Although it is early and glamorous, what is the reason? At the end of the couplet, the poet pointed out the main idea of the whole article and lamented that he had become famous as early as when he met with mistakes. This is quite similar to the popularity of "the pomegranate flowers are not as good as spring, and the early autumn is more worrying" in Peony Lost in the Rain.

Ji Yun commented on this poem, "It is quite meaningful and wonderful." (ditto) It is pointed out that poetry has sustenance, rich life experiences and profound meanings, which are different from those empty works that praise things. Mr. Zhou believes that most of Li Shangyin's poems about things are expressed by things or by things. But there are two ways to write: one is that the whole article is integrated with me, and every sentence is written by myself; The implication is very implicit, such as Liu Heye Chrysanthemum. There are few such poems. The other is that things are intertwined with me, that is, a few words in the poem are about things, and a few words are about themselves, which are staggered. There are a large number of such poems, such as the famous cicada, the crow, and two peony poems in After the Rain. (See the preface to Selected Works of Li Shangyin) This article belongs to the second category. The first, second and fourth verses in the poem are all about Mei. Merry has something, but it is still Yongmei. Sanlian writes about himself, but it is closely combined with Zaomei to express emotions. Ode to things, don't leave, don't insist. In other words, we can neither describe the object purely objectively, nor express our feelings without the object. You can't stick to the image, nor can you be divorced from the state of things. Li Shangyin's poems have reached this artistic realm. Only the first couplet in the poem depicts the beauty and fragrance of Zaomei, and the couplet has set off the harsh environment suffered by Zaomei with the help of the frost moon, showing the damage suffered by Zaomei; Neck couplets focus on chanting, and tail couplets sing things with lyrical pen. The whole article is bad-mouthed, and none of it is a poor description of the image. Mr. Liu and Mr. Yu Shucheng pointed out that Li Shangyin's poetry mainly adopts the artistic expression technique of "subjective and objective blending, with mental image as the main body", which is different from Li Bai's "setting off objective things, with the main body in a dominant position, and expressing emotions directly", and Du Fu's "expressing emotions by scenery or narrative, and reflecting subjective feelings as much as possible through faithful description of scenery or events" (. It is this basic artistic expression method of "melting things with the image of the heart" that determines that Li Shangyin's poems about things mostly use the method of feeling things and writing shapes with the spirit, but they have received the artistic effect of concise and accurate language and vivid space.