Tracing the origin of ethnic feuds
/kloc-in the 0/2nd century, many tribes on the Mongolian grassland were mostly controlled by the Liao Dynasty established by the Khitans. From 1 125, the state of Jin wiped out Liao and went south in a big way, and the Mongolian grassland in the north became active. Among them, Hebler, the chief of Borjikin tribe, took the opportunity to stand on his own feet and expanded his territory through war and merger, which greatly increased his power. 1 127 years, the tribes of all ethnic groups nearby elected him as a Mongolian minister, known in history as "He's Bile Khan", and he was the fourth ancestor of Genghis Khan. At the same time, Tatar is also a powerful tribe, famous for its belligerence and good warfare. Hehe, Khan's brother-in-law is seriously ill, so please invite a Tatar wizard to treat him. The disease was not cured and he died suddenly. The people of Hehe Khan's brother-in-law killed the wizard from Tatar angrily. Since then, the two tribes have forged a grudge, and there have been frequent exchanges of fire and looting of property.
"In the past, when the Jin people were strong, although the Tatars were small, they were sticky and difficult to control." -Zheng Sonan
Jin Taizong once publicly expressed his reluctance to enter the DPRK, aiming at cracking down on this emerging force. But he was drunk and rude, which made Emperor Taizong very unhappy. Jin Taizong, who was already uneasy about the rise of Mongolian tribes, decided to show his cards in an attempt to make Mongolian tribes attached to Jin. However, he is ambitious and unwilling to hold on to it. He not only killed the envoys of the state of Jin, but also raised the banner against Jin. First, Hu was sent to crusade, but after the death of Emperor Taizong of Jin, Xizong ascended the throne, which made him unstable internally. He took the opportunity to attack Jin, pulling out 27 regiments, including Xiping and Hebei, and sending the famous Jin Guo to Mongolia. After playing for two years, there was no result, so I made peace with He at 1 148 and cut 27 regiments.
Although it is difficult for the Jin State to control the Mongols, it still maintains a high degree of vigilance. They adopted the policy of ethnic differentiation, took advantage of the contradiction between Tatars and Mongolian ancients, and encouraged the internal friction of Mongolian grassland. In order to ease the contradiction between the two countries, Anbahai Khan, the successor of the Mongols, personally took his daughter to Tatar to get married, but was brutally treated by the Tatars. They caught a Baha 'i Khan and sent him to the State of Jin, where he was crucified on a donkey.
The Mongolian Khan was passed on to Huttula, and then to Genghis Khan's father, who was also poisoned at the Tatar banquet, which directly led to the demise of the Mongols. Therefore, the Jin family and the Tatar family begged Yan's hatred, which intensified under the instigation of the Jin people, laying the groundwork for the subsequent round of chopping.
The course of Mongolian army's wheel chop
In the first year of Jin Zhangzong's Cheng 'an (1 196), Yan, the prime minister of the State of Jin, sent troops to crusade against the Tatars and did not want to pay tribute. At this time, Genghis Khan saw the opportunity of revenge, and he and Wang Han jointly planned to attack the Tatar Department. Tata's son lost the battle with Jin Jun and fled back to Leza River. Genghis Khan and Wang Han have been waiting here for a long time. The allied forces waiting for him easily defeated the remaining forces of Tatar, and its leader, Xueguletu in Migugu town, was beheaded by Genghis Khan, and the remaining forces, slaves, civilians, cattle and sheep were all annexed by Genghis Khan.
At this time, the tribes on the Mongolian grassland still had a vassal relationship with the State of Jin. Genghis Khan made meritorious service in the eyes of the State of Jin, so he was named "Zauti Huli", which greatly improved his political status in various ministries of Mongolia. Later, Genghis Khan defeated his powerful rival Zamuhe at 120 1 and became a powerful force on the grassland. A year later, they began to attack the Tatars of Cha 'an, Alek Hita Tal, Dutatati and Aru Hatata. This is a large-scale battle on the Mongolian grassland. The main battlefield is located in Dalanemulgus, where the Haraha River enters the sea. As a result of the war, the Mongolian army was damaged by more than half and all the Tatar ministries were wiped out. After the war, Genghis Khan ordered the killing of all the people in the Tata department who were above the jurisdiction of the car, and the remaining women, children and the elderly were taken to be slaves. This is the famous round chop.
Historical analysis of wheel chop
12 ~13rd century Mongolian tribes were still in slave society. According to the development law of slave society, the war between slave owners is dominated by possession of wealth, not destructive and destructive war forms. Population resources are of great strategic value to backward Mongolian tribes, so it is of no strategic significance for the Mongolian army to carry out round-chopping on Tatars. Especially among nomadic people, the population is sparse, and the labor production value of slaves is self-evident. Genghis Khan's move was not rational.
Judging from the result of the war, after the Tata son was chopped by the wheel, it was equal to the destruction of the tribe. Up to now, only Wang Khan of Kelie Division and Sun Khan of Naiman Division are left on Mongolian grassland to compete with Mongolian Division. The losses of the Mongolian army in this battle are debilitating. Genghis Khan did not choose to supplement his troops from the Tatar Department, but pursued a massacre policy, which was also unreasonable in strategy. If we have to find a rationality, I think it should be a deterrent, that is, to send a signal to potential enemies that death is the only way out for Genghis Khan's enemies.
The rationality of the massacre of the conquered party in history is also the support of prisoners of war. If there is not enough food for prisoners of war, the possibility of mutiny will increase However, as far as the war of nomadic people is concerned, the main situation of their war is field work, rather than attacking the city and plundering the land by agricultural civilization. Burning grain and grass may end a war. The battle between Genghis Khan and Tatar ended in a large-scale loss of troops, but the cattle, sheep and horses obtained were both property and food, and even the horses injured or killed in the war could be used as food, so there would be no problem of supporting prisoners of war.
The most reasonable explanation for Genghis Khan's wheel-chopping policy towards Tatars is the feud between the two tribes. Genghis Khan was a great strategist, but he was also a cruel butcher. The slaughter similar to the round chop not only appeared in the process of the unification of Mongolian grassland, but also his western expedition army was even more tragic in the slaughter of Huala Mozi. He can be lenient, unconditional surrender can be lenient, he can also be cruel, and the final result of becoming an enemy is death.