1. The voice of Chinese opera should break the forbidden zone.

In order to change the present situation of opera singing and actor's voice, we must break the forbidden zone; What is the forbidden zone of China traditional opera singing? of course

The first is articulation, followed by syncopation and rhyme. I say these things are good, but they are not: I am idle.

I think it is right to critically inherit and improve development: no one will oppose reform and development, but listen to the class today.

Well, on the question of singing, Ke Yan said that it is not critical inheritance: opera vocal music, although its family background is thick, but

Generation after generation, gradually lost, to put it bluntly, there are only a few things left, except words, which is true.

This is the characteristic of traditional opera singing in China, and we should be proud of it. But how much have we studied the mystery of Ningzhong?

We can't pronounce "Ben" as "spray" and "play" as "play" only by the strength of the head, abdomen, tail, intercepting base and spout.

"Get together" and ask others to talk hard, lift their breath and use their bellies-if that's it, then there is nothing.

There is room for choice: if we go from the rough to the fine and criticize inheritance, I am afraid it will be gone! I often hear people emphasize the words to almost the same extent.

Enough to exist alone, but rarely talk about sound, because sound is sound, and when it is loud, it will naturally be big. In the old society.

People who say they have no right to speak are grandfathers who have never enjoyed food. Now they say that children have no voice and poor conditions, which is not good material. such as

If the quality of sound is emphasized to the absolute degree determined by nature, then, according to the existence of voice change in traditional Chinese opera colleges,

Judging from the survival rate and data, it is impossible to explain the quality of enrollment.

There are good and bad sounds, and everyone has an unclear reason to push it, that is, turn it off. But the opera has been recruited and practiced.

After work, many people become bowlegged, so it's always a training problem! Because the students didn't "change their legs", and

I believe that when enrolling students, students with such legs will never be recruited, and the parents of these students will not all have circles.

History of leg diseases. Moreover, from the inspection of leg shape, it is more exposed than the sound, and it is often seen that when enrolling students, it is both kicking and taking exams.

Quantity, and pull, even if there is a mistake, it is not too much. Why should we talk about "legs" from "characters"? Mainly I think drama.

Most singers and students have problems with the training of this word, but they never want to find the original work on this issue.

Because. Many people's views on "character" are both vague and extreme, and sacred and inviolable, which is debatable.

There are no rooms left. Singing comrades, you might as well recall the so-called songs that people sang in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

I heard from many singing comrades in Shanghai that I couldn't even find my original position when singing in a play. Central Conservatory of Music

Mr Li Jiayao, the tenor, told me that many comrades sang their voices in the opera. We discussed the problem. Vocabulary book

The body is not terrible, and any singing art, if you don't pay attention to the words, is equivalent to humming practice. The terrible thing is to simplify the word.

It is terrible to equate words with hard biting. It is to isolate words from sound, gas and various artistic treatments and become dull.

, single, and over-emphasis on the harm to other artistic means, the terrible thing is that "the voice must be heard first, and then it will be distinguished."

Its literal meaning ("Qulv" in Wei Liangfu) is reversed. The word "hit the point" has other disadvantages.

I said it before, so I won't go into details here. Let me say a few more words below to explain that this "forbidden zone" is

It must be broken. (Again, when I say "word", it has a specific meaning, but it refers to what I just said.

What I am talking about is the narrow understanding and understanding of words, not to belittle the importance of words in singing as a whole.

Sex, science and art. )

The language of art is different from the language of life. Frankly speaking, it can never be as clear as life wrap (just

Can't be too clear, pay attention to a "too"). But from another perspective, it is clearer than the words wrapped in life.

How to explain this contradiction? It can't be as clear as life, because life means art.

The word is singing. Even the white mouth is the same In life, most people talk face to face, and there is no way or natural way? Afraid of biting

Grit your teeth and the other person will admit it. If the words in opera want to be far-reaching, they must be more exaggerated than life, and only sound is the support.

Column can do it. Therefore, it is necessary to combine sounds, have skills, and not simply say words. Don't say off stage,

Thousands of spectators, that is, teachers are wrapped in class, lecturers are introducing exhibitions, and some scientific methods must be used to distribute them.

Sound. It is clearer than the words wrapped in life, because it is exaggerated and enlarged, and every phoneme should be explained clearly. The above is still a skill.

Technically speaking, if we analyze it from an artistic point of view, we should consciously keep the words not too clear. This formulation makes people

Very surprised. Since it is art, it must be beautiful, even more beautiful than life. Since it is beauty, there are all kinds of beauty, including concrete beauty and abstract beauty. The change and cooperation between them can constitute art.

The overall beauty of surgery gives people a perfect enjoyment of beauty. When you see the distant mountains in the clouds, you won't say,

Is it because you can't see clearly that it is not beautiful? The crab painted by Qi Baishi is a big blank. Can you say that he is "biting the shell (

Word) unclear "! Back to the art of Chinese characters, people don't often describe actors singing well and like pearls.

Pan? If we want to turn all kinds of characters with different sound forms into circles, we must transform them and treat them artistically.

Some words must be handled differently from life. So, if you say he doesn't allow it or is unclear, it's ok.

. It's like saying that calligraphers' handwriting is different in size, the strokes are unclear and crooked, and no one does it.

Get you involved. But if you know how to appreciate art, you never want Qi Baishi to draw shrimps or crabs in color photos.

The picture is the same. Of course, the above is only one type of artistic articulation, just for illustration.

Since it is art, we should allow different treatments such as truth and falsehood. Some people are empty, some people are real, and some people are mixed.

I think Mr. Mei Lanfang's singing style and western Bel Canto singing style belong to the above types. As for the appreciation level and

I have heard about different hobbies since I was a child, and some people have opinions on Miss Mei's pronunciation! We don't insist on reunification. today

So the main purpose of discussing this issue is to train opera singers faster, more and more confidently. be just like

If you wear clothes, you can be as comfortable as you like, but if you make a tight suit for your child and strangle him, it will hinder his development and growth.

This is not good. So we say that if we put aside the survival of sound, then one will bite and the other will shout, then

We wouldn't have to rap here. Mr. Mei said in Forty Years of Stage Life: "Having a good voice does not mean having it.

Everything will be fine, but it depends on your articulation, but some people just want to articulate, grin and correct.

Scrambling will damage the image of the stage and give people the feeling of going too far. "Mr. Yu Zhenfei in his" Zhenfei Qupu "

Said: "... the initials and finals are completely separated, and the head and abdomen are completely separated. It seems that singing two words can only be said."

Read words in reverse (referring to ancient pinyin) instead of singing. Correct processing requires the transition between initials and finals.

It's natural, and there is no trace. "This is not to say that the prefix can't bite too tight, too dead, too far away, otherwise it can't.

Natural muddy, seamless. We are opposed to this pronunciation method, and we are even more opposed to guiding singers in this way, because

You can't be a good actor. And those who overemphasize words will eventually form "each word is in power" and fail miserably.

The general use of intonation and strength can't express feelings well, which will make people feel dull and dull. see

In the Peking Opera "Wen Zhaoguan", the actor who plays the Han Palace, compared with Wu Zixu, bites tightly and sprays heavily, but

Always on the edge. However, some experts believe that Lickitung, or someone who can't pronounce words clearly, is not lacking.

What deserves our deep thought is that it is a famous corner of the country and is warmly welcomed by the audience.

The reason why I have to boldly put forward that I want to break this forbidden zone is because in my decades of training career in opera and vocal music,

In fact, they are all struggling with the phenomenon of gnashing their teeth and pulling their chins, and if the root causes of these mistakes are not removed and corrected,

It is not only a great waste of time for opera actors to be tense and stiff in front of the stage, but also to practice their voices and relax.

Even with great efforts, it is already difficult to be a good actor, and this mistake is not so easy.

Not everyone can change, especially those who think they have learned well and are "advanced" in their mouth.

It's hard to be so natural after the change, and there is always the possibility of recurrence. I've seen it. no

Few people, after you correct him, his voice will be fine, but it will take a few days, or subjective or objective requirements, he

So to pursue that kind of thing again, its loss is not only the delay of time, but also the delay of good singing performance.

The appearance of the member.

Finally, I quote some proverbs from the pear garden to express my views. "Don't like no, really like not art, enlightenment.

Love and reason are both drama and art. "I think whether this truth also exists in the problem of characters deserves our deep consideration.

When you hang your voice, you should sing while walking, just like walking, and always keep a relaxed posture. Relax, not relax, but relax outside and tighten inside. Pay attention to the accurate position of the sound and keep the luck of the cavity stable for a long time. You don't just use your strength on your throat, but your whole body is moving. After two or three hours, I won't feel tired after hanging the sound, and my voice is still very bright. When vocalizing, the upper jaw of the mouth is slightly sucked up, the jaw is relaxed, the mouth is not big, the shoulders are not drooping, and the rib tension is like a spring, which makes the organs of the acoustic cavity cooperate organically to form a powerful head, nose and chest sound. When reading words and lines, his upper jaw is like a ball blue, and every word and cavity is like a basketball, which is thrown to the ball blue accurately. Singing in this way, no matter what style and complexity he sings, he can keep his breath stable and his voice smooth and perfect.

When an actor sings, he should use his breath skillfully, use flexible methods, relax his facial expressions and have a natural and beautiful mouth shape. When singing high notes, you can open your mouth and close it inside and outside (your lips are naturally closed). When singing low notes, the lips are slightly closed, but the teeth do not bite, and the upper jaw still feels like sucking. In short, no matter whether you sing high or low notes, don't let the audience see that the facial muscles are a little tense, and don't let people feel that their mouths are too open, or even feel overwhelmed. The beauty of an actor's singing mouth is closely related to his voice, words and breath. The beautiful mouth shape of singing shows that your pronunciation is correct. Actors should have many flexible singing skills. For example, the luck is slow, the quantity is collected, and there are light and heavy. The inhibition, promotion, stagnation and frustration in the linear cavity can be mastered skillfully and used flexibly. If an actor's singing can make the audience feel the joy, anger, sadness and joy of the characters in the play through the priority and cadence of singing. It is a vivid embodiment of this ideal effect.

The actor has mastered the high, low, fast, slow, light, heavy, slow and frustrated in the line cavity, used it moderately, and the volume has been strengthened and weakened. The low breath in front of the line cavity has been fully absorbed, the small pause has been skillfully used, and with the function words, the low cavity is lightly vomited. At first, it was patchwork. The linear cavity fluctuates smoothly, which shows hesitation in contradictory thinking.

In addition, in order to keep up with the development of the times, some actors have made breakthroughs in the traditional catchy words of Beijing opera. Some words are not catchy, such as the word "Bo", which is not catchy and is sung as "Bo" in Mandarin. Some words keep catchy features for the harmony of the whole aria, but we can't overemphasize them. For example, the word "love" rhymes with "earnest" to ensure the return.

2. How to practice your voice by shouting?

Stage 1: Practice breathing before making a sound. The research data show that under normal circumstances, people breathe 16- 19 times per minute, and each breath lasts about 3 or 4 seconds. When singing, one breath is sometimes extended by more than ten seconds, and the inhalation time is short and the exhalation time is long. Therefore, it is necessary to master the essentials of keeping the breath in the lungs and exhaling slowly.

(1) "Deep Breathing and Slow Breathing Control Extension Exercise".

The key points are: first learn to "store gas", first compress gas to discharge waste gas, then treat the gap between the nose and the tip of the tongue as "sniffing flowers", breathe freely naturally and lightly until it is full, then sink into the abdomen, slowly relax the chest ribs, and make the gas exhale slowly like a long stream of water, and breathe evenly. The longer the control time, the better. Repeat the exercise 4-6 times.

(b) "Deep breathing and slow dialing practice"

We call the first step "sucking and pushing". The breath of "sucking and pushing" is inward, and the breath of "pushing" is outward and downward. We do breathing extension exercises when we push. We recommend three training methods:

A. Counting exercise: "Suck" is the same as before. While "pushing", count the number "123456789 10" softly and quickly, and count it repeatedly until you run out of gas, and see how many times you can count it repeatedly.

B. "Counting dates" exercise: "Suck" is the same as before. At the same time of "pushing", I whispered, "Go out of the east gate and cross the bridge. There is a jujube under the bridge. Hit dates with bamboo poles. A jujube is more green and less red (full of breath). One date, two dates, three dates, four dates, five dates, five dates ... until this breath runs out, see how many dates you can count. Repeat 4-6 times.

C. "Counting the gourd" exercise: "Suction" is the same as before. While "pushing", say softly: "Golden gourd, silver gourd, one breath is no more than 24 gourds (full breath), one gourd, two gourds, three gourds ..." Repeat this breathing for 4-6 times until you are exhausted.

Count the numbers, "jujube" and "gourd" to control the breath, so the more you practice, the more you control it. Never run out of breath. There will be pain in the abdomen at first, and after a period of practice, you will consciously make great progress.

(c) "Deep Breathing, Slow Breathing and Long Tone Practice"

After breath practice, the voice began to join gradually. This exercise is still based on practicing qi, supplemented by vocalization. At the same time, choose a middle and low-pitched area, where boys pronounce "ah" gently (loud "ah" is consistent with practicing qi) and girls pronounce "yi" gently (small voice pronounces "yi" to make it. Hold it in one breath, and the sound outlet is cylindrical and wavy, which can be long or long and can be practiced repeatedly.

"breathing exercises"

This is an exercise with half a voice and half a breath. Put your hands in your waist or cover your abdomen, hold your breath in the abdomen and rush out to your forehead and throat at the same time. The voice is mainly low and elastic, and the abdomen and diaphragm pop out at the same time under tensile force. We introduce three exercises:

A. Hold your breath, quickly "clap, clap" (repeatedly) in your mouth, and make a "bang, bang" staccato at the end of this breath. Repeat 4-6 times.

Stretch your feet in one breath, first slowly, then quickly pronounce "haha" (repetition) (acceleration) hahaha ... "Practice has explosive staccato, and" haha ... "Laughter", "aha" and "cough" are commonly used in singing.

C. Stretch your feet in one breath, and then slowly and quickly pronounce "hey-rough, hey-rough" (repeated and gradually accelerated) and "hey-rough, hey-rough ..." until your strength is exhausted, and practice repeatedly.

After this stage of practice, qi is the foundation of sound, and qi is the handsome breath of sound. The "place where qi can accommodate" has been basically excited and active, while sound has been brewing protection. On this basis, you can begin to prepare for the sound practice.

The second stage: the practice of qi, sound and words.

Opera actors, especially Beijing opera actors, including opera lovers, are prone to make mistakes in singing. They wish they couldn't shout a loud and bright voice soon, and rushing to shout high notes, fierceness and even wildness often backfired. When we study vocal music practice, it is beneficial to practice the breath first, and we need to make clear a gradual law and persevere. In this third stage, we suggest that we should not rush to climb scales and shout high notes, but practice from the combination of qi, sound and words. The relationship between them should be arranged in this order: qi is sound, sound is cavity, cavity is word, word is word, and word is emotion. As can be seen from this order, the position of the word is in the middle, the sound and cavity are in front, and the word and emotion are in the back. If it crashes, the whole game will be lost. The truthfulness of pronunciation determines the roundness of sound, and it is this principle that "words speak for themselves". The relationship between words, sounds and qi in shouting practice should be that "qi" is fully supported, "sound" is accurately recognized, and "words" are truly bitten. The specific methods are as follows: enlarge and slow down the prefix, abdomen and suffix with Chinese pinyin, practice pronunciation with Chinese characters, and then speed up, while practicing the flexibility of mouth, lips, teeth, tongue and throat.

(1) lip sound practice: (first slow down, enlarge and read it again, and gradually speed up reading tongue twisters)

Eight, one hundred and one bid, one soldier and one rush-one slope in the north.

On the north slope, one gun and one soldier ran in a row-

One shot, one soldier, one fear, one mark, one soldier, one touch.

Mark a soldier, a fear, a touch, a gun, a soldier, a gun.

② Dental pronunciation exercise (method as above)

Four to four,

Ten-yes-ten,

Fourteen is fourteen,

Forty-yes-forty,

Don't say fourteen to forty,

Don't put 40, such as 14,

③ Tongue pronunciation practice (the method is the same as above)

Sixty-six-year-old Liu Laoliu, almost sixty,

Six big oil drums,

Sixty-six weeping willows,

Sixty-six monkeys were tied up.

④ Laryngolaryngeal exercises (method as above)

There is a tiger in front of the mountain.

There is a monkey at the foot of the mountain.

Tigers drive monkeys away, monkeys fight tigers,

Tigers can't get rid of monkeys,

Even monkeys can't beat tigers.

⑤ Practice of tongue pronunciation and tooth pronunciation (the method is the same as above).

There came a lame man in the south of the street, with a plate in his right hand and an eggplant in his left. Someone pouted in the street. The nail tripped the lame man, and his right hand dropped the plate and his left hand threw the eggplant.

⑥ Thirteen-channel pronunciation practice

Wind (Middle East) urges (ash heap) summer (Zhou Su) to go (17), a lotus (Sobo), a flower (in full bloom), and a thank you (embarrassed).

Autumn (from seeking), cool (Jiangyang), clouds (people), heights (far away), geese (as mentioned earlier), self (thinking) and coming (Huailai).

Joe (Yaotiao), Yi Jia (Fahua), (Ren Chen), (Yuqiao), Yi Chu (Gusu), (Jiangyang) and Yi Lai (Huailai).

East (Middle East), West (No.17), South (Preface), North (Ashes) and Sitting (Sobo)

With this exercise, you can tell which sound is round and which one is dry, and get it right. The exercises of qi, sound and words are very practical and effective.

The third stage: poetry singing practice.

The purpose of putting poetry singing in the fourth stage is to practice and tap the sound quality of "generous bass, mellow midrange and tough treble", instead of blindly raising and climbing, consolidating the midrange and bass, making their timbre gorgeous and pure, maintaining a pleasant and easy-to-use voice, and exercising the toughness and elasticity of the treble. At this time, chanting and singing are unaccompanied, and singing is more difficult and demanding. In the third stage, you have the spirit, sound and words at the bottom, and you climb up step by step. Your voice is not tired, and your practice is effective and you have a great grasp.

(1) Poetry is usually composed of fixed field poems from all walks of life. Because the role has just come to power, it is necessary to make a first impression on the audience, so that they will not talk and be quiet. Therefore, it is necessary to be high-pitched and calm, and it is a self-analysis of the role's own interests and ambitions. It has a strong sense of rhythm and must be practiced well, suitable for shouting, practicing and practicing. For example, in Mi Fei's poem "Drumming Cao", "The mouth is like a river and the flow is like a stream. All rely on the tip of the tongue to suppress the princes. How can a man be a giant? He should look for a seal with a smile "; Another example is Yue Fei's pastoral poem, "Bright Ming Jia shoots the bullfighting palace, ethereal banners cover the sun, the tiger is towering in the same column as the generals of the Ming government, and the male corrects his horse like a dragon." In the morning when everything wakes up and everything is renewed, you can practice your voice to the fullest.

(2) Singing method: it has the characteristics of white singing, half singing and half singing coordinating with each other. It is more difficult than reciting poems, its emotions are more suitable for expression, its melody is more suitable for stretching, and it is only used for shouting and vocalization. Half-singing is like an introduction. For example, in the first half of "Cosmic Front", Zhao sang "The cuckoo cries branches, and blood and tears are dark and sad." Another example is Yang's "Cao Cao (semi-chanting)", "Alone (chanting) alone in the sky, Miao Rong was built early, (semi-chanting) helped Hanzuo exist in name only, (chanting) Wei moved the times." Sing directly, such as "Qin Qiong sells horses", "The hero of the Han Dynasty is trapped in heaven, I don't know when he will return to his hometown", or "Old, old and childless" in "Qingfengge", "Listening to his mother's whining, he must have lost his love for Joule".

③ Reciting poems in Beijing and Bai (Putonghua): practice reciting words for modern drama performances, such as using the melody of the poem "Poems of Chairman Mao", "You are not a hero if you don't reach the Great Wall". For example, reading some classic quotations of modern drama, such as "Rice seedlings meet the rain after a long drought, never forget" and "Chiba is bitter", are all good materials for shouting and practicing. Traditional large-scale chanting and some penetrating exercises can also exercise breath and sound at this stage.

The fourth stage: arc aviation acoustics practice.

This is a very unique vocal technique in Beijing opera. It's like jumping in dance, jumping up, squatting down and bouncing up, and also like shot put in sports, turning it up, taking it back and throwing it out. Breath and sound are pushed out to form a parabola, pulled back and thrown out.

Ru Wusheng: Ah/cough/

Old student: Ma/Lai/

Draw a face: wine/oh, come/

Ugly: ah/ha/

Tsing Yi: Bitter/Wow/

Allow/ask/

If the double-arc tone is not practiced well, it is very easy to produce "bifurcation", "turn" or "flower". The general points are: good luck-supporting words (decomposing pronunciation like "Chinese Pinyin")-throwing it out-putting it away-throwing it out again, controlling the breath and volume, and choosing the best timbre to complement each other. In particular, the "capacity-nature" chanted by Cheng School seems to be broken and delicate, and it stays at home. Yin Gui Guiyun needs hard practice and mastery.

The fifth stage: climbing scales and practicing difficult notes.

Ga tune, Van Gogh and Gao Qiang are indispensable in singing, which we call difficult tune. Practice this sound in the practice of shouting. Be careful not to practice more. The key is to find a way to find a position. If you shout hard, all the previous exercises will be useless and your voice will be hurt. When practicing this sound, it is forbidden to squeeze, jam, pinch, press, force or hit hard. The old gentleman said, "If you want to sing a high word, you don't have to shout it back (which makes it difficult for me to shout), but if you make the word narrow, sharp and deep, your voice will be high ... When you meet a high word, you will breathe out ... then the listener will be clear and bright, and the singer will not have any troubles." There are tips and methods here, which should be explored and explored according to your actual situation.