Mountain torrent wild goose Pan Fengyong Li Qiangning
Jilin University School of Environment and Resources Class 250303
Abstract: In recent years, fireworks explosion accidents occur frequently, which makes people have to seriously think about the advantages and disadvantages of fireworks. This paper introduces the present situation of fireworks and firecrackers in China, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers, and puts forward some measures to solve the disadvantages.
Keywords: advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers
Investigation on Fireworks and Firecrackers in China
Advantages and disadvantages analysis
Mountain Wild Goose Pan Feng Li Yongqiang Ning
Jilin University School of Environment and Resources Class 250303
Abstract: In recent years, fireworks and firecrackers have exploded frequently, which makes people have to seriously consider the advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers. This paper introduces the current situation of fireworks and firecrackers in China, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers, and puts forward some measures to solve the disadvantages.
Keywords: advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers
1 Introduction
On February 27th, 2004, a fireworks bomb exploded in Guotai Fireworks Factory, Qingyang Town, zouping county, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, killing 9 people and missing 1 person.
On April 22nd, 2004, around 6: 00/kloc-0, an explosion accident of illegally produced fireworks and firecrackers occurred in Jiaocunmiao Administrative Village, Changle Township, Cao County, Heze City, Shandong Province, causing 15 deaths, 5 injuries, 5 houses collapsed and1houses were damaged.
On the evening of February 7, 2005, a villager in Changxindian Township, Fengtai District, Beijing was blown up beyond recognition by an oversized "two kicks" with a diameter of 10 cm when setting off firecrackers, and died on the spot.
At about 3: 45pm on March/KLOC-0, 2005, a firecracker exploded in a residential building in the development zone of Wuxu Town, Dingyuan County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, killing two people and razing six houses to the ground.
Looking at the bloody facts above, people can't help but ask, what happened to the fireworks?
Twenty-two cities across the country have issued laws and regulations prohibiting the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers, but up to now, many cities have lifted the ban, and some cities have also loosened their attitude towards the prohibition of fireworks and firecrackers. At the same time, more and more people began to talk about whether it is good to set off fireworks.
So, what about the fireworks in China? What are the advantages and disadvantages of setting off fireworks?
With such questions, my team members took Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Tianjin and other places as examples, investigated the situation of fireworks and firecrackers in China, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages.
2 The history and present situation of fireworks and firecrackers in China
2. 1 Great History
Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions in China, which was discovered by an alchemist in ancient China in the process of refining Dan medicine for a long time. In 808 A.D., The Secret Recipe of Taishang Laojun Elixir written by Qing Xuzi, an alchemist in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest written record of gunpowder in the world. After more than 1000 years, except for weapons, gunpowder was almost only used as firecrackers. Setting off firecrackers has become a traditional custom in China. In addition to setting off firecrackers during the Chinese New Year holidays, firecrackers should be set off for both festive and sad events, as long as they are major events.
Liling, Hunan Province is the birthplace of fireworks and firecrackers in China, with a long history of 1300 years. Li miao, the founder of fireworks, is from Fuling, Mashi. At first, people set off firecrackers to ward off evil spirits. Later, setting off fireworks gradually became an entertainment activity, which was very popular in ancient times. On holidays, both dignitaries and ordinary people like to set off firecrackers and fireworks to add festive atmosphere. Wang Anshi, a famous writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, once described the scene of setting off firecrackers in the New Year in his poem January Day: "The firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze warms people in Tu Su. Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones. " In the Qing Dynasty, Pan Rongbi also recorded the firecrackers on New Year's Eve in "Ji Sheng at the Age of Emperor Jingdi": "Meet at midnight on New Year's Eve, and compete outside the Baoju Gate and the Yuhe River. And firecrackers, such as waves and snow, spread all over the ruling and opposition parties and stayed up all night. " From here, we can see the grand occasion of setting off fireworks in the old Spring Festival. It can be said that in the development of 1300 years, setting off fireworks has not only become a custom, but also a culture, which has continued to this day, and went abroad and spread all over the world with the exchange of Chinese and western cultures in the Middle Ages.
2.2 Now it's embarrassing.
Table 1: list of cities in China where fireworks and firecrackers are prohibited.
Urban dining tables with fireworks and firecrackers prohibited in China.
After liberation, especially since the reform and opening up, with the improvement of people's living standards, China's fireworks production has entered a golden period of development. 1989, the annual sales of fireworks and firecrackers in China reached 3.5 billion yuan, and the average annual sales in Beijing alone exceeded10 million yuan. However, in people's laughter, we also heard many discordant voices. There are more and more fireworks and firecrackers, and their volume is getting bigger and bigger, but their safety is getting worse and worse, which leads to frequent incidents of fireworks and firecrackers injuring people. In view of this situation, the state has promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as the Regulations on the Administration of Explosives for Civil Use and the Technical Regulations on Labor Safety of Fireworks and Firecrackers, but with little effect, injuries caused by fireworks and firecrackers continue to occur. In addition, problems such as environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. Many provinces and cities have begun to introduce laws and regulations prohibiting fireworks and firecrackers. Beijing is the first city to ban fireworks. 199310/2 Beijing promulgated the "Regulations on the Prohibition of Fireworks and Firecrackers in Beijing", and then Chengdu, Hefei and other places successively promulgated similar regulations. By the end of 1997, 23 cities had implemented "no entry" (see table 1). However, the ban cannot solve the fundamental problem. Due to lax enforcement in many cities, the "prohibition order" seems to have expired. Taiyuan began to implement the ban from 1994. However, management became more and more difficult after 2000. In the first half of 2004 alone, 250 cases involving fireworks and firecrackers were investigated, involving more than 3,000 people. Lanzhou is a ban issued by 1994. However, during the Spring Festival in 2005 alone, the city investigated and dealt with 504 illegal acts, 495 illegal discharges, 9 illegal transportation, sale, storage and carrying, 523 illegal personnel were punished, 5 13 people were warned, and administrative detention and fines were imposed. At the same time, the call for the resumption of fireworks and firecrackers is getting louder and louder. As a result, some cities changed the "forbidden release" to "restricted release" to reduce environmental pollution and avoid personal safety accidents by limiting the time and place of discharge, but the effect is still not satisfactory. On June 9, 2004, after a vicious explosion accident occurred at the Garden Fireworks Factory in Xinpeng Village, Yuannan Township, Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, which killed 16 people, on June 24, 2004, the State Work Safety Committee issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Current Safety Production of Fireworks and Firecrackers, which once again emphasized the importance of safety production. Since then, local governments have been caught in the embarrassment of "wanting to ban but not stopping", and the whole society has once again set off a discussion about whether fireworks should be banned or released. At the same time, the production of fireworks and firecrackers in China is very optimistic. In recent years, the annual output of fireworks and firecrackers in China is close to 654.38+000 billion yuan, and people have gradually noticed the huge economic benefits brought by the fireworks and firecrackers industry to the society, so people began to comprehensively measure the value of fireworks and firecrackers.
3 advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers
Faced with the embarrassment of "I can't ban if I want to" and "I can't help it", the advantages and disadvantages of fireworks and firecrackers have become a problem that people have to consider.
3. 1 benefits of fireworks and firecrackers
How much benefit will the fireworks industry bring to society?
3. 1. 1 economic benefits
In recent years, the national fireworks production situation is very optimistic. At present, there are thousands of fireworks production enterprises in China, involving nearly 5,000 varieties in 13 series, employing millions of people, with an annual output of 45 million boxes, of which nearly 40% are exported, accounting for half of the global fireworks sales. China has become the largest producer and exporter of fireworks.
Figure 1: Semi-finished product dump of a fireworks factory in Hunan Province.
Semi-finished products yard of a fireworks factory in Hunan Province
Hunan and Jiangxi are two major fireworks production bases in China. Fireworks produced by the two provinces account for 60% of the national export share and 80% of the national market share. Hunan is the largest province of fireworks production in China. There are 2,223 fireworks production enterprises in the province, employing 500,000 people, with total sales of nearly 5 billion yuan and tax payment of nearly 500 million yuan. Wholesale enterprise 1 10, with 20,000 to 50,000 sales outlets and sales of 370 million yuan. Jiangxi Province is the second largest industrial base of fireworks and firecrackers in China. By the end of 2003, there were 26 19 fireworks production enterprises and bases in Jiangxi province (837 enterprises and 782 production bases), with more than 300,000 employees. In 2003, the sales volume was 3.729 billion yuan, and the profits and taxes were nearly 300 million yuan. Wholesale enterprises above the county level have retail outlets 105, exceeding 12000, with sales of nearly 654.38+0.5 billion yuan in 2003. 200 1 10 80% of the fireworks set off during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting in Shanghai were produced in Jiangxi. Most of the fireworks products in the fireworks display held on a good day in Hong Kong also came from Jiangxi.
Undoubtedly, the fireworks industry plays an important role in the local economy, but the local economy is also very dependent on the fireworks industry. Liuyang is an important production base of fireworks and firecrackers in Hunan. Last year, the city's fiscal revenue was 652 million yuan and the fireworks industry provided 294 million yuan. The city's population is 6.5438+0.3 million, and the registered number of people engaged in fireworks production industry is 200,000. Among them, there are engineering technicians with professional titles 1280. 200 1 At the 5th China Liuyang International Fireworks Conference and the 1st International Safety Technology and Quality Forum, more than 3,000 merchants from 27 countries gathered in Liuyang, a mountain city. In just three days, the total retail sales of social commodities such as fireworks and firecrackers reached 270 million yuan, and four projects were introduced/kloc-0, with a contracted investment of 537 million yuan. After the rectification of 200 1, it has formed its unique industrial advantages and unique fireworks culture. There are more than 400 enterprises engaged in the production and operation of fireworks and firecrackers, with an annual output value of 654.38+0.6 billion yuan. * * * 654.38+03 There are more than 3,800 varieties of products, and the products are exported to more than 600 countries and regions in the world and various provinces, cities and counties in China. Its fireworks have shined in the opening and closing ceremonies of the World Horticultural Exposition, the 50th anniversary of Beijing's National Day, the return of Macao and other major celebrations, and won universal praise from people from all walks of life.
Shangli County, Jiangxi Province is a famous hometown of fireworks in China. Fireworks production has a history of thousands of years. Fireworks industry accounts for 80% of the county's total fiscal revenue, and 52% of farmers' per capita income comes from fireworks industry. In a medium-sized fireworks factory with more than 100 workers, an ordinary worker can earn thousands of dollars a year, and dangerous jobs such as salt cans can earn more than 2,000 yuan a month. Without fireworks, farmers with a per capita income of only 0.3 mu will have no livelihood; Without fireworks, local finance will lose 80% support. It can be seen that many major fireworks producing areas have far more dependence on the fireworks industry than other industries. If there is no local fireworks production enterprise, it will cause a devastating blow to the local economy.
3. 1.2 Social welfare
Figure 2: Fireworks set off during the APEC meeting in Shanghai on May 38+0, 2006.
Fireworks set off during the 200 1 Shanghai APEC meeting
During the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) during the period of 65438-0999, there were 1 1 fireworks in Beijing, which enabled the people of the whole country to fully enjoy the beauty of fireworks, and at the same time added the festive atmosphere of the National Day and felt the prosperity of the country. In fact, not only the National Day, but also all important festive days, both ordinary people and the central and local governments are willing to set off fireworks to add atmosphere. Setting off fireworks during major international conferences or activities can not only add festive atmosphere, but also be a good opportunity to show the world a country's comprehensive national strength. 200 1, during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting in Shanghai, Shanghai set off 15000 fireworks in 20 minutes at 20: 00 on October 20th (Figure 2). On the evening of August 13, 2004, the grand opening ceremony of the Athens Olympic Games was held in the main stadium, and colorful fireworks set off the night sky in Athens. It can be said that these fireworks displays have brought great social benefits to the local area.
3.2 the hazards of fireworks and firecrackers
Although fireworks can bring great economic and social benefits to people, the harm it brings can not be ignored. These hazards are concentrated in three aspects: casualties, environmental pollution and waste of resources.
3.2. 1 Casualty accident
In recent years, while the sales of fireworks and firecrackers have increased year by year, casualties caused by fireworks and firecrackers have also occurred frequently.