Ethnic minorities in China. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces. Guangxi has the most. 1990 population15.48 million. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Zhuang Tonggu clan is16178811. Now it is the most populous minority in China. Most Zhuang people live in Guangxi. Among them, there are 6.5438 million in Yunnan, mainly living in Wenshan, and some in Honghe and Qujing. Zhuang people are also distributed in Lianshan, Guangdong, Congjiang, Guizhou and Jianghua, Hunan. Before 1965 unified Zhuang names, there were many Zhuang's own names and other names. There are more than 20 kinds of self-names and other names in Guangxi, such as Buzhuang, Butu, Buliao, Buyayi (Rui) and Bunong. In Yunnan, there are mainly lane people, sand people and Tuliao.
Zhuang nationality has its own language, which is classified by China scholars as a branch of Zhuang-Dai language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, while some foreign scholars classify Zhuang language as Australian-Thai language family according to cognates. Zhuang language is very similar to Thai, Lao and Dai. Zhuang language has its own writing, which has been used by people since the Tang Dynasty (7th century) in China. Han people call them ancient Zhuang characters, while Zhuang people call them "sawndip", which means new characters, because these characters are composed of Chinese radicals. However, this Zhuang language is not widely used by the whole people, and it is mostly used for writing place names, compiling folk songs and taking notes. In the 1950' s, the government experts of China * * * Production Party created Zhuang language based on Latin alphabet, which was partially revised in 1982. However, this language has not been popularized in Zhuang areas, but officials in Zhuang areas say that it has no conscience, which seriously violates the party's spirit of seeking truth from facts and damages the party's ethnic policy.
Zhuang nationality has a long history and splendid culture. Modern ethnology and history generally believe that Zhuang nationality developed from a branch of ancient Lingnan Yue people. It is closely related to Ou and Luo Yue in Zhou Feng period, Liao, Li and Wuhu in Han and Tang Dynasties, Tong (Dian, stubborn) people, sage (wolf) people and natives after Song Dynasty. Zhuang nationality and Baiyue's Xi 'ou and Luoyue are in the same strain. From the Han Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, the Zhuang people have been actively or passively accepting Chinese language and culture. In today's Zhuang area, there are some big surnames, such as Lu in Panyu, Xian in Gaoliang, Hepu and Ning in Qinzhou, which are called "Baiyue big surnames". In the Tang Dynasty, Lingnan Road was divided into two roads, east and west, with five places in Guangzhou and five pipes. Among them, Guangxi, Yong and Rong are all inhabited areas of Zhuang ancestors. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the central dynasty strengthened its rule over Lingnan area, setting up counties, sending officials and collecting tributes. The central dynasty implemented the Jimi county system in the Zhuang area, and appointed prestigious people of the Zhuang nationality as chiefs to manage the nation. However, the indifference of the central government and the heavy burden brought by the usurped toast made the Zhuang people unbearable to be enslaved and resisted many times. The "Huang Dongman" uprising in Xiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, the agricultural intellectual uprising in the Song Dynasty, the peasant uprising in the Ming Dynasty, and the uninterrupted uprising in the Qing Dynasty for hundreds of years until the vigorous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement began in this area. But all previous uprisings were suppressed and failed. The Zhuang people have made great contributions and sacrifices in resisting the invasion of French colonists, the Revolution of 1911 and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and have a glorious revolutionary tradition.
Limestone is widely distributed in Zhuang area, which is a world-famous karst area. Rocky Mountains have caves and underground rivers. This kind of terrain constitutes a scenic spot of "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world and Yangshuo's landscape is the best in the world". This coast is rich in all kinds of precious seafood, especially Nanzhu. Zhuang area has mild climate and abundant rainfall. Agriculture-oriented, planting rice, corn and potatoes. Fruit is also very rich, and the forest area is wide, rich in Liuzhou fir, silver fir, camphor wood and other precious wood. Notoginseng, gecko and fennel oil, which are well-known at home and abroad, are well-known specialties in Zhuang areas.
[Edit this paragraph] National history
Zhuang people mainly live in Lingnan. Lingnan area has been inhabited by human beings since ancient times. In the pre-Qin period, Zhuang people belonged to Baiyue Luoyue people and Xi 'ou people, which can be traced back to the late Paleolithic period, including Liujiang people in Liujiang County, Ganqian people, Qilinshan people in Laibin City and Lipu people in Lipu County. Ganyan people and Jiulengshan people in Du 'an county, Bailiandong people and Dule people in Liuzhou city, Baojiyan people in Guilin city, Mo Ding cave people in Tiandong county, Lingshan people in Lingshan and so on. The areas where these ancient humans lived happened to be the active areas of the ancestors of the Zhuang nationality, and also the areas where the Zhuang nationality lived in compact communities today. Some experts speculate that Zhuang people are descendants of these ancient humans.
In the pre-Qin period, Guangxi was the country of Luoyue, inhabited by "Luoyue people", "xi 'ou people" and "Cangwu people" of Baiyue. Luoyue country is a famous square country of Zhuang ancestors in Lingnan. It was first seen in Wang Hui Yizhoushu, in which "passers-by" was mentioned. He once said in Yi Zhou Shu Xun Shi that "the sound of the road is near Luo, and it is suspected that it is Luo Yue. "The road is a lock, which is right. Yi Zhou Shu, also known as Zhou Shu, is an ancient book in the pre-Qin period. Most of the chapters are from the Warring States period, and the Shang and Zhou events recorded in them must be original. In the original flavor of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, there is also a reference to "the bacteria". In the Han Dynasty, Gao noted: "The name of the country. Bacteria, bamboo shoots. "Luo Yue is a Chinese expression, which means crossing a valley or a bird, and Vietnamese is Luo Yue in reverse.
Zhuang nationality has made great contributions to mankind:
Luoyue and Xi 'ou are two main branches of Zhuang nationality today. They have existed for more than 1000 years, creating a brilliant rice civilization. Today, the ancient culture inherited by the Zhuang people has been created by Ou people and Luoyue people in many ways. The rice culture, stone shovel culture, dragon mother culture, bronze culture, bronze drum culture and Huashan culture created by Luo are valuable cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. Luoyue people, together with Cangwu people and Ou people, first invented the artificial cultivation method of rice in China, and made great contributions to the Chinese nation and all mankind. In today's Nanning, 14 shell mounds left by the ancestors of Luoyue people have been excavated, from which the original stone millstones, stone pestles, stone grinding rods and other threshing tools of 1 10,000 years ago have been unearthed. Among them, such tools unearthed from Tingzixu site in Nanning were identified as 1 1000 by C 14. S is second only to Dao County, Hunan Province. The carbonized rice grains left by the ancestors of Cangwu Department of Zhuang nationality before 12000-20000 are earlier than the Wannianmi site in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province 1000. In Luotian period, Luoyue people have made great achievements in the renovation of farmland in China, and they have chosen farmland according to the ebb and flow of the tide. Today, no matter which ethnic group in South China, rice is the most expensive. The staple food on the dining table is rice. The food series with rice as raw material include rice series, rice noodle series, Ciba series, rice porridge series, glutinous rice balls series, rice cake series, rice flower series, beverage series, rice meat series and enema series. Non-staple food pigs, chickens, ducks and geese are also the transformation of rice. The Han nationality and other nationalities who moved to Lingnan from dry farming areas also gave up wheat planting and enjoyed the rice culture created by the ancestors of the Zhuang nationality at the dinner table with the Zhuang people. This great contribution of Luoyue people is related to Guang Qi.
Clothes are the best in the world: in Yuchanyan, Daoxian County (the activity area of Cangwu Department of the ancient Zhuang nationality), the plant fiber texture used by humans to make pottery "bedding cloth" 5000 years ago was discovered. No matter how rough and naive the pattern woven by this plant fiber is, it is the first hand-made textile that we humans have seen ourselves, and it is the bud of the textile industry all over the world.
Diet is the best in the world: in Yuchanyan site, Daoxian County, central Guizhou Province, artificially cultivated rice 15000 years ago was discovered. Although there are only some traces of artificial domestication, it is the first crop variety created by human labor so far, and it is the bud of farming and agriculture all over the world. The appearance of pottery is the first sign that human beings bid farewell to the barbaric era of "eating animals and drinking blood" and enter the civilized era of "cooked food cooking".
The best in the world in terms of housing: A "-Shaped" high-rise civil building with a tunnel was found at the site of Mazhu Village in Linli, central Guizhou (about18,000 years ago), which is not only the source of "high-rise palace building" in China, but also the first "high-rise civil building" in the world.
The ancestors of Zhuang nationality took an epoch-making first step, which made China take the lead in entering the farming society, triggered the greatest green revolution of mankind, made mankind walk out of a green revolutionary road of domesticating animals, creating farming, and moving from a hungry and restless gathering life to a subsistence life, and made mankind enter the glorious agricultural era of the farming society.
The pottery invented by the ancestors of Zhuang nationality is an important symbol of the development of human civilization, and it is the first time that human beings have created a brand-new thing by using natural things according to their own will. People mix clay with water, make various utensils, dry them and bake them with fire, which leads to qualitative change and forms pottery. It has opened a new chapter for human beings to use and transform nature, which is of epoch-making significance. The invention of pottery greatly improved the living conditions of human beings and opened up a new J era in the history of human development.
Luoyue people have a high level of bronze skills. The bronze drums they made are the products of the heyday of bronze drums, the top products among the eight kinds of bronze drums, and represent the highest level of bronze drum skills. They are tall and heavy, ingenious in design, exquisite in craftsmanship and complicated in patterns. The frog standing on the drum surface is carved, opposite to the frog crouching at 450, with its back parallel to the drum surface, its hips tilted like a lion and its body decorated with ears of rice. This finishing touch is a special symbol of Luoyue people's contribution to rice culture. The sun pattern on the drum surface tells us that Luoyue people have their own Euclid, and the method of dividing circles can be shown on the drum surface in BC. The cyclotomic method was considered as the symbol of the highest scientific level of a nation more than two thousand years ago. According to records, only the Han nationality and Euclid in ancient Greece could divide the circle at that time. People didn't expect the ancestors of Zhuang nationality to do it, but there was no written record. The bronzes made by Luoyue people, such as upsetting, rounding, bull's head beam, bell and shoe-shaped cymbals, are all of high level, especially the bull's head beam, which is exquisitely designed, and the buffalo head with four eyes on its stomach is a must.
The production tools of Luoyue people are unique. Their early stone axes and segmented Shi Mao are typical products of Ren Yue. Cast copper cymbals include shoe cymbals, fan cymbals, wind cymbals, shovel cymbals and round cymbals. Their shapes are varied, exquisite and practical, which shows Luo Yue's intelligence. The big stone shovel made by it is unique in China, with a long tongue shape, a waist, a thin round blade and side teeth at the beam handle for fastening. The largest is more than 60 centimeters long and 20 centimeters wide. It is not only a production tool, but also a work of art, and it is also an artifact when offering sacrifices to the god of rice. Its design is original. Others, such as Xilin Warring States Bronze Coffin, Hepu Duck Bronze Head, Phoenix-shaped Bronze Lamp, and Human Foot-shaped Copper Plate, all shine with Luo Yue's wisdom.
Huashan culture is a world-famous art gallery created by Luoyue people. It is mainly distributed on the banks of the Zuojiang River and its tributary Mingjiang River, stretching for more than 200 kilometers, and five other places are distributed in Pingxiang City and Tiandeng in the Zuojiang River Basin. * * * There are 84 locations, 183 locations and 287 painting groups. The main image is a frog god in the shape of a human frog, red with ochre, painted on a flat projection (ghost), with his arms bent and his elbows raised, crouching in a horse-riding style, like breaststroke. The whole picture is in a state of crazy singing and dancing, which is shocking. Huashan rock painting is a sacred place for Luoyue people to sacrifice to the frog god, which is based on the scene of Luoyue people sacrificing to the frog god. In addition to the image of the frog god, there are images of running dogs, deer, birds, bronze drums, gongs, stars and the sun. The upper limit of its era was in the Warring States and the lower limit was in the Western Han Dynasty, which lasted more than 700 years. A small amount was copied by later generations. Among them, the largest one is Huashan rock painting in Ningming County, which is called Byaraiz in Zhuang language, meaning mountain and Lai meaning pattern. Because of its largest scale, it represents the whole Zuojiang rock painting. Compared with rock paintings all over the world, Huashan rock paintings have remarkable characteristics. Its frog-god shape is not only uniform, but also remains unchanged for more than 700 years, which is really rare. The painting of Huashan in Ningming is more than 40 meters high and 170 meters wide, which is the best in the world in terms of the area of a "place" (according to the law of world rock painting, there is no place within 500 meters outside the painting). This picture has more than 1300 recognizable characters, and all images of different sizes add up to more than 40,000, which is rare in the world. Huashan rock painting is a concentrated display of rice culture, and it is necessary to show the artistic treasures of rice culture on a large scale like this. Huashan rock painting is not a static ancient culture, but a living culture, and the rice culture it represents still lives among the people. Up to now, in Donglan and Fengshan areas along the Hongshui River in the northern boundary of Guluoyue, there is still a "Frog Girl Festival" to worship the national totem frog god. In the frog dance in the festival, dancers wear frog hats, which looks like the movements on Huashan rock paintings. A teacher dance circulating in other places is also like the image of Huashan. Therefore, dancers call Huashan's body frog dance.
The name "Tong" appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zengbo Li, a poet in the Song Dynasty, mentioned in the memorial of Song Lizong that there were "servants" in Yishan. Zhu Fu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, further pointed out that there are five "cavemen" in the south: Miao, Yao, Kou, Yi and Gelao. After that, the name of Yao (Tong) was mostly used in the past dynasties, and the name of Yao was gradually quoted in the Ming Dynasty, but it was mostly accompanied by Yao. By the Qing Dynasty, the name "Yi (Tong)" had been quoted all over Guangxi. 1949 after in-depth investigation and ethnic identification, the people's government called Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan "Buzhuang", "Butu", "Bunong", "Bunuo", "Buyi" and "Bumin". Later, because the meaning of the word "Tong" was not clear enough, it was easy to be mispronounced. 1965 At the initiative of the Prime Minister, the word "Tong" was changed to "Zhuang" and the word "Tong" was changed to "Zhuang".
Although the name of Zhuang nationality has been handed down from generation to generation, its main origins are: Baiyue, Ou, Luo, Ou, Luo, Yue, Wu, Hu, Li, Liao, Tong, Sha, Nong and Zhuang, which come down in one continuous line. (Refer to Huang Xianfan's General History of Zhuang Nationality. )
[Edit this paragraph] Eating habits
Zhuang people in most areas are used to eating three meals during the solar eclipse, and Zhuang people in a few areas also eat four meals, that is, adding a small meal between lunch and dinner. Breakfast and Chinese food are relatively simple, usually porridge, dinner is dinner, dry rice is eaten more, and vegetables are more abundant. Rice and corn are abundant grains in Zhuang areas, which naturally become their staple food.
Daily vegetables include green vegetables, melon seedlings, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, spinach, bitter gourd, even bean leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers and pea seedlings can also be vegetables. Boiling is the most common, as well as the habit of pickling vegetables, such as sauerkraut, sour bamboo shoots, salted radish, kohlrabi and so on. Add lard, salt and chopped green onion when cooking.
Zhuang people love to eat any kind of animal meat, such as pork, beef, mutton, chickens, ducks and geese. Some areas don't eat dog meat, and some areas like to eat dog meat. Pork is also cooked in whole pieces, then cut into square pieces, and then put the seasoning back into the pot. Zhuang people are used to making fresh chicken, duck, fish and vegetables into 70-80% maturity, and then frying the vegetables in a hot pot before cooking, so as to keep the dishes delicious.
Zhuang people like hunting and cooking game and insects, and they are very good at the diet of Panax notoginseng. Cooking with flowers, leaves, roots and whiskers of Panax notoginseng is very distinctive. Zhuang people are also good at roasting, frying, stewing, salting and marinating, addicted to alcohol, with spicy and sour tastes, and like to eat crispy dishes. The main specialties are: spicy blood, roasted meat, banker roast duck, salty liver, crispy fried bee, spiced bean worm, fried worm, skin liver, ginger rabbit meat, glistening fried frog and fried chicken.
Zhuang people also brew rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine, which are not too high. Among them, yellow rice wine is the main drink for festivals and entertainments. Some yellow rice wines are called chicken gall and chicken offal wine, and chicken offal and pig liver wine. Drink the chicken offal wine and pork liver wine in one gulp, and chew the chicken offal and pork liver left in your mouth slowly, which can not only relieve the hangover, but also be eaten as a dish.
Typical food: There are many famous dishes and snacks of Zhuang nationality, mainly including horseshoe pole, raw fish, roast suckling pig, glutinous rice with flowers, Ningming Zhuang zongzi, champion firewood, white-cut dog meat, crispy chicken, braised cross-section dog and dragon pumping.
[Edit this paragraph] Architectural style
The houses of Zhuang people living near the dam area and towns are mostly brick-wood structures, with white exterior walls and decorative patterns painted on the eaves. Zhuang people living in remote mountainous areas, Zhuang bungalows in Longji, Guangxi, are mostly tile houses or straw houses with civil structures, and the architectural style is generally semi-dry, surrounded by the whole land.
Gan Lan, also known as Mulou and Diaojiaolou. Zhuang, Dong, Yao, Miao and Han all have it. Most of them are two floors. There are usually 3 or 5 rooms upstairs for people to use. The lower floor is the wooden building column foot, which is composed of bamboo pieces and wooden boards. It can be used as a stable for livestock, and can also be used for stacking farm tools, firewood and sundries. Some also have attics and annex buildings. Generally, dry fences are surrounded by mountains and rivers, facing the fields, with broad prospects and good lighting. A stockade and a community, on the whole, are magnificent. In some villages, families are connected and integrated, just like a big family. The layout of the living room has its own characteristics. The trunk wall of Zhuang nationality in Longji Township, Longsheng County is centered on the shrine. Behind the shrine, there is a public house (centered on the hostess), and the left corner is the woman's house. There is a small door communicating with the public house. The housewife's room is in the right corner. The husband's room is outside the hall on the right. The guest room is in the left corner of the lobby, and the girls' room is next to the stairs in the right corner, which is convenient for them to communicate with boys. The biggest feature of this layout is that husband and wife live in separate rooms and follow ancient customs. At present, the internal structure of the main fence has changed slightly, but the basic pattern remains unchanged.
[Edit this paragraph] Clothing style
There are three main colors of Zhuang costumes: blue, black and brown. Zhuang women have the habit of planting cotton and spinning. Spinning, weaving and dyeing are cottage industries. The cloth made of self-produced and sold cotton yarn is called "home machine", which is thick and wearable, and then dyed blue, black or brown. Indigo can be dyed blue or cyan, fish pond can be dyed black, and yam can be dyed brown. Zhuang costumes are different. Men's and women's costumes and headdresses for men, women and unmarried women have their own characteristics.
Men's and women's wear
There are two kinds of Zhuang women's men's wear: straight lapels and double lapels. The right lapel shirt has no collar, and the button is opened from the right armpit to the waist and turned to the center, and then opened three or four inches. The skirt is inlaid with colorful cloth edges more than an inch wide, with copper buttons, and then tied with a long belt. A tight shirt with an open chest, only the length of the navel, is worn at work. Women's wear has a collarless right lapel, but the sleeves are larger than men's, nearly feet wide and knee-wide, with welts, and the edges are wide and thin, usually more than two or three. The cloth on the inside of the shoulder is opposite to the outside, and three lines are sewn, which is called "reverse shirt". The buttons of men's and women's shirts are brass buttons or Bunyo. Men's and women's trousers are basically the same in style, with hem, commonly known as "bull's head trousers". Married women have a lace Chinese-style chest covering, and a spiky tube is hung on the left side of the waist trousers, which is connected with the key and makes a "noisy" sound when walking. Men's robes are used to wearing robes and wearing a short coat outside, commonly known as "robe plus coat". At first, they wore a round hat. Later, they wore a hat. In modern times, Zhuang people's clothing styles have been basically modernized, but the older generation still generally wear blue and black.
Strange headdress
Unmarried women like long hair and bangs (to distinguish whether they are married or not). Usually, they comb the left hair to the right (about 37 minutes) and fix it with a hairpin, or tie a long braid and a colored towel at the end of the braid and fix it on the top of the head at work. Married women comb their hair into a dragon and phoenix bun, gather it into a chicken (phoenix) hip shape from back to front, and insert silver or bone cross hair pins. Nowadays, people who rarely wear green gauze white handkerchiefs mostly use black handkerchiefs or flowered handkerchiefs. Most of them are middle-aged women and like to wear embroidery to cut their foreheads. In winter, women wear black wool hats, and the fancy of the brim changes with age. Both men and women wear cloth shoes. Middle-aged women love to wear their own cat-ear cloth shoes, commonly known as shoe cats, which are shaped like sandals, ears and heels. They are strung together with a flat gauze belt and tied at will to adjust the tightness. Children's headdress: Children's hats are uncovered hats sewn with embroidered strips of two or three inches wide. The Zhuang customs recorded in ancient books, such as "stepping on the foot" and "covering the forehead", are reproduced on children's hats, which can not only protect their heads, but also play a decorative role. Babies' suspenders are much larger and butterfly-shaped than those of ordinary Han people. The butterfly body is three feet long and two feet four inches wide. It is embroidered with patterns or bagua Gankun pictures, and rarely embroidered with words. The "butterfly wings" on both sides are nine feet long and one foot two inches wide. This kind of strap is called "pull". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the size of this kind of suspenders gradually became smaller, and some suspenders were called "wax" in strong words. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the size of this kind of suspenders gradually became smaller, and some suspenders were embroidered with words such as "safe entry and exit" and "happiness" to replace the original patterns.
Both men and women wear cloth shoes.
[Edit this paragraph] Etiquette introduction
Zhuang nationality is a hospitable nation. In the past, guests who visited any Zhuang village were regarded as guests of the whole village. Often several families take turns to invite them to dinner, sometimes five or six at a time. Usually, we have the habit of visiting each other. For example, if a family kills pigs, we will invite everyone in the village to have a meal. Be sure to prepare wine for the guests at the table, which will be very grand. The custom of toasting is to have a drink. Actually, a white porcelain spoon is used instead of a cup.
When guests arrive home, they will try their best to give them the best accommodation, especially the elderly and new guests. When eating, you must wait for the oldest old man to sit down before eating; The younger generation must not eat the dishes that the elders have not touched; When serving tea and rice to elders and guests, you must hold it in your hands, not in front of the guests or behind your elders' backs. Those who finish eating first should say "enjoy your meal" to their elders and guests before leaving; The younger generation can't eat the whole table.
Respecting the old and loving the young is the traditional virtue of Zhuang nationality. Old people in Lu Yu should take the initiative to say hello and give way. Don't cross your legs, swear or cross over the old people. When killing a chicken, the head and nose of the chicken must respect the old man. The old people in Lu Yu You Yue should be called "Grandpa" for men and "Grandma" or "Old Lady" for women. When you meet a guest or a person with a heavy load, you should take the initiative to make way. If you encounter the burden of the elderly, you should take the initiative to help and send it to break up.
[Edit this paragraph] Taboo content
Zhuang people are taboo to kill on the first day of the first lunar month; Young women in some areas avoid eating beef and dog meat; For the first three days (some for the first seven days), women were forbidden to let outsiders in; Women who have not yet given birth to a full moon are forbidden to visit their homes. When you board the bamboo building of Zhuang people, you usually take off your shoes. It is forbidden for Zhuang people to wear hats and carry hoes or other farm tools into their homes, so they should put down their farm tools and take off their hats when they arrive at the door of Zhuang people's homes. Tanghuo and bathhouse are the most sacred places in the Zhuang family. It is forbidden to step on the tripod and stove on the Tang Huo with your feet. When young Zhuang people get married, pregnant women are forbidden to participate, especially pregnant women can't see the bride. Especially pregnant women can't enter the maternal home. If there is a pregnant woman at home, it is forbidden to hang sleeves, branches or knives on the door. If you accidentally break into the maternal home, you must give the baby a name and a set of clothes. A chicken or corresponding gift becomes a child's Platini and godmother.
As a rice-growing nation, the Zhuang people like frogs very much. In some places, Zhuang people have a special "frog worship ceremony", so it is forbidden to kill frogs or eat frog meat in Zhuang areas. Whenever floods or other major disasters occur, the Zhuang people will hold ancestor worship activities and pray for the dragon's blessing for disaster relief. After the ceremony, a monument was erected at the entrance of the village, and outsiders were not allowed to enter the village.