Lead: Lighting design is an indispensable part of creative design industry. There are advanced concepts and technologies abroad, and China is in its infancy. It is of great significance to inherit advanced lighting design technology and culture, improve the design and technical level of domestic lighting designers and enhance the overall competitiveness of design.
Human life is accompanied by light every day, and buildings and cities are closely related to light. The great artistic charm of light has inspired architects, interior designers and urban planners to create night lighting. Light is the element of human settlement environment, which creates bright, comfortable and gorgeous buildings and cities where human beings live. It is the unshirkable responsibility of architects and designers to create a beautiful light environment.
Light makes the existence of architecture possible. With the change of time and season, the intensity of light has changed, and the image of architecture has also changed. It is in this ever-changing shape and shadow that people feel the wonderful world brought by light. As Tadao Ando, a famous Japanese architect, said: Architectural design is to intercept the ubiquitous light and show the existence of light on specific occasions. Architecture condenses light into the simplest existence, and the creation of architectural space is the purification and concentration of the power of light. ? The contrast between light and shade and the change of light and shadow in a large area reflect the perfect blend of light and architecture.
I remember the teacher talked about the example of SOHO concept in class. In addition to its function, natural light plays an extremely important role in its design, and it is even decorated with light. The feeling of sunshine is more direct in the environmental landscape of the community. As an important part of society, people pay more and more attention to the environment. People's desire for nature and sunshine is directly reflected in the requirements for environmental landscape. The environmental landscape of residential area is different from the natural environment. It is an artificial environment, an abstract nature. As one of the natural elements, sunlight has a relationship with people and buildings in such a specific place, and people feel its existence through the small environment of residential areas. The environmental landscape surrounded by buildings acts as the spokesman of natural elements such as sunshine, rain and wind, and becomes a part of residents' life experience. This is by no means an ordinary yard where you can see trees, but there will be a place that touches deeper emotions. In such an environment where man and nature are combined, man has achieved supreme spiritual enjoyment. Through careful selection and collocation of tree species and trees, rational layout of greening and waterscape, ingenious arrangement of paving and facilities, etc. Can they all be reflected in the environmental landscape? Sunshine? It's everywhere. In addition, in this man-made nature, we should try our best to create a place where people can feel the sunshine and listen to the sound of wind and rain, so as to meet the physiological, psychological and even spiritual aspirations of modern people and free people from the fatigue of daily life. Like some residential areas are designed? Sunshine club? 、? Sunshine Gallery? And so on, let people fully communicate with sunshine and nature, and achieve physical, psychological and spiritual harmony.
Light is the soul of architectural art
Light creates image: the image of things can only be visually perceived under the action of light. Setting the light correctly (referring to the amount, nature and direction of light) can strengthen the three-dimensional sense of architectural modeling and enhance the artistic effect, otherwise it will lead to dull or distorted image.
Light constructs space, and the difference between light and shade naturally forms different psychological hints for indoor and outdoor space division. Subtle changes in light intensity create a sense of layering in space.
Light renders the atmosphere: Wan Li is sunny and drizzling, and different environments bring us different moods, among which the change of light plays an important role. The atmosphere of light rendering has a decisive influence on people's psychological state and the artistic appeal of light environment.
Focus only: Without focus, there will be no art and people will become mediocre. Strengthening the contrast between light and shade can realize the artistic image or details of expression and form an eye-catching visual center. High contrast can also produce dramatic artistic effects, which is exciting.
Light color rendering: artificial light source with good color rendering can truly show the colorful colors of environment, people and things like natural light; The lamp with poor color rendering causes color variation and loses the resistance to environmental color. Color lighting endows the light environment with emotional awareness, making some colors loud, but also distorting some colors.
Lighting decoration environment: the patterns woven by light and shadow, the sparkling luster generated by the reflected light and refracted light of bright and clean materials, the rhythmic dynamic change of light and the beautiful shape of lamps are all precious elements of the decoration environment and attractive artistic focus.
In the lighting design with natural light source, there is a way to use it, that is, if you want to regard the whole building as a lamp, then the light source outside the building is the astigmatism of sunlight and sky, and then you can consider the opening part of the building, that is, doors, windows and skylights. In fact, all surfaces of buildings are changing light and reflecting it to windows and objects. Natural light has two components, one is sunlight and the other is astigmatism in the sky. Sunlight is a beam of light directly irradiated by the sun; Astigmatism in the sky is that sunlight is scattered by particles in the air. Designers must be clearly aware of the different effects of direct and scattered natural light. The scattering effect of skylight is the background and foundation of lighting design, which many designers don't realize.
Study the relationship between light and architecture: including
1, the nature of light itself (direct light, diffuse light, color of light, artificial light, natural light);
2. The shape of light and the opening of the building; The influence of the height of holes in the wall on indoor lighting;
3. The light field range after the light enters the building;
4. Light-transmitting materials (completely transparent and translucent, and the influence of material color on light color);
5. The influence of different forms and positions of indoor shadow surfaces (walls, floors and roofs) on indoor light space;
6. The change of indoor light, as well as the difference between small-area strong light and large-area light field in creating indoor atmosphere, can be compared to create spatial changes.
By studying the relationship between the light of the above six points and the architectural environment, and using some basic characteristics of light and architecture, this paper finally analyzes and thinks about how to create a specific light atmosphere in the building.
Building light environment design is also promising in building energy saving. Natural light is an inexhaustible source of energy, so we should use it effectively. If natural light energy enters a certain space, the electric light source can only be regarded as an auxiliary light source, which can illuminate at a fixed point and balance some brightness.
First of all, in the aspect of natural lighting, we should carefully consider the area and orientation of windows, and we can set up reflective sunshine boards; The interior decoration of the building can use light color to increase the secondary reflected light. By these means, we can get enough indoor light and achieve a certain uniformity, thus reducing artificial lighting during the day and saving lighting energy consumption. As an element of architecture, lighting window should be in harmony with architectural style in art, comfortable in vision, without glare, and consider the problems of light, heat and sound insulation in function. Architects design lighting windows according to different architectural requirements. At present, in addition to the common side windows and sky windows, there are many skylights, such as skylights, daylighting windows with reflective hoods, daylighting windows with sun-tracking grids and total reflection daylighting windows, showing a diversified development trend of daylighting windows.
In the past, architectural lighting design assumed that the sky was cloudy, and direct sunlight was not considered. This kind of lighting design is simple in calculation, and it avoids the problems of unstable lighting, overheating and glare caused by changeable sunshine. With the development of technology, especially the influence of energy saving, the International Lighting Committee has compiled the International Lighting Guide, which provides the design basis and standards for the design. Using sunshine daylighting calculation method for daylighting design can reduce the window opening area by about 15%, which has important energy saving and economic significance. In addition, direct sunlight can not only provide people with time information, changeable sunshine and indoor plant decoration, but also increase the interest of indoor visual environment, give people a sense of nature and produce unique artistic effects.
? Natural light is always changing, which can make buildings full of various characteristics. Under the interaction of space and light and shadow, we can create a dramatic British architect Norman. Foster's sentence is an excellent expression? Light? Position in the designer's mind.
That's true. How many generals can you count if you think back a little? Light? Design masters who are regarded as indispensable and important elements in design: Corbusier and Louis. Kang, Meyer, Bei Luming, Tadao Ando? Meyer uses light as a pen to outline the appropriate shade? Fine ink? Was Tadao Ando's generous and delicate light modeling painted on the inorganic wall? Touching expression? The simple and pure atmosphere, with their shocking artistic charm, shows the infinite potential of light in architectural design again and again.
If the amazing strokes of the masters who use natural light to express space and texture give people infinite enlightenment, then the great progress in the application of artificial light technology in the living room environment shows us another great world to do.
If you want to express the excellent design scheme of space design with light, you must first consider the space carefully, because all architectural spaces, no matter how many advantages they have, will inevitably have some regrets. First of all, we should readjust their strengths and avoid weaknesses, that is, consider the secondary creation of space, in which light plays a great role in expressing this secondary creation design, such as emphasizing space, highlighting levels, blurring background boundaries and far-reaching space.
Background lighting: making the space more humanized
The light of background lighting fills the room with soft and charming light, which humanizes the space. In order to get ideal background light, modern lighting design uses the light reflected from walls and ceilings to avoid bright spots and shadows on people's faces, so as to achieve satisfactory lighting effects. Background lighting can come from wall lamps, chandeliers or high light sources, such as cabinets and beams.
Accent lighting: Strengthen and highlight the light.
In accent lighting, an object, a work of art, a bonsai or some architectural details are illuminated by carefully arranged and concentrated light beams. The main purpose is to achieve artistic effect. The design of Accent lighting often makes the audience feel that the light is provided by a less bright light source, such as a candle or chandelier on the wall. An embedded adjustable lighting device, a tracking lighting device or a movable lighting device may provide a accent lighting.
You can make the lighting create the mood and atmosphere you expect, and achieve the most touching and dramatic effect. Because of the charm of lighting, lighting planning can be carried out according to the special situation of each room and space. Because the intention and the goal to be achieved are different, the design scheme is naturally very different. For example, if you don't need to highlight the furnishings of furniture items in a room, you'd better use diffuse lighting to spread soft light around every corner. In those areas full of art collections, the most effective way is to project light accurately and directly to highlight the theme.
Some public places (such as living rooms and restaurants) need a friendly atmosphere, and the best way to produce this effect is to choose traditional ceiling lights or branch lights. If you can absorb natural light with large French windows, the effect will be better.
Sometimes, lighting has some unusual uses. For example, embedding the light source into the steps of marble stairs can produce beautiful translucent light effect. Even household lighting appliances such as table lamps, if carefully selected, will have many changes in projection effect and emotional appeal. For example, hand-made parchment lampshades and Japanese paper lamp lampshades are relatively light and transparent, and the light effect shines around through them, which is soft and ethereal; Those lampshades that are not very transparent will gather the light, and the effect is very different from the former. If these ornaments are missing from the lampstand or lampshade, it is really hard to ask for such a rich and interesting combination of light and shadow.
The lighting design of the bathroom should be romantic or simple. Retro wall and floor tiles bring classical beauty under the irradiation of multi-level lights, while local projection lights introduce us into depth.
The decorative function of light in modern room design, light is no longer just a lighting function. As people's requirements for environment and atmosphere are getting higher and higher, the decorative effect of light is increasingly adopted by designers. Light can be divided into cold light and warm light, colored light and transparent light. Cut? The combination of modeling, light and other materials can play a moving scene effect.
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