Tiantuan management
Select seeds
When picking Camellia oleifera seeds, we should choose good slices, plants, fruits and seeds, and choose fresh and high-quality seeds with large and full seeds, dark brown seed shells, no diseased spots and luster.
Pay attention to the storage method of seeds: after the tea fruits are harvested, they should not be piled and soaked, but should be thinly spread in a ventilated and dry place to naturally crack and thresh, and the seeds can be stored in a cool place indoors. Generally, wet sand is mostly stored on the ground, and kiln storage can also be used.
Careful preparation
Soil preparation should be carried out in summer and autumn one year before afforestation. In mountainous areas, before soil preparation, the mountain needs to be cut and refined. Soil preparation methods include comprehensive soil preparation, strip soil preparation, block soil preparation, etc. , and appropriate soil preparation methods should be adopted according to local conditions.
Prepare for ploughing and sowing.
In the place suitable for planting, holes should be opened at the row spacing of 2× 3.3m for cultivation. First, the live broadcast place is arranged as a 40×40cm platform, and then a long hole with the depth of 10- 15 cm is opened in the platform to facilitate water storage and drought prevention.
Request a program from a radio/TV station
Put three seeds into a small hole in the platform and scatter them into triangles. Pay attention to the fact that the seeds must stick to the solid soil, which is beneficial for the seeds to absorb water and germinate. After sowing, the soil should be shallow and thin to prevent human and animal injuries and water evaporation. In addition, in order to prevent animals and mice from being harmed, seeds can be mixed with drugs.
operate
After the seeds germinate and grow to a height of 20 cm, the seedlings can be simplified, leaving the strongest of the three seedlings, removing the other two or planting them in other places for later use or transplanting them to other places.
Seed selection technology
Confirm that the seedlings are excellent varieties.
According to the Management Measures of Camellia oleifera Afforestation Project in Hunan Province (Trial), improved varieties of Camellia oleifera refer to excellent varieties, excellent clones and excellent families approved by the national or provincial forest variety approval (identification) committee.
Confirm that the identity of the seedling is legal.
Regular camellia varieties and strong seedlings have legal identity cards of "four certificates and one sign". That is, the provincial forest seedling management station issued the "improved seedling production license"; "Forest seedling business license", issued by the provincial forest seedling management station; The "certificate of quality of improved seedlings" is issued by the competent forestry administrative department where the improved seedlings authorized by the provincial forest seedling management station are located; Certificate of Forest Seed Plant Quarantine issued by the competent forestry administrative department where the improved seedlings authorized by the provincial forest plant quarantine management station are located; "Seed (seedling) label", the label of grafting cuttings is issued by the Camellia oleifera cutting nursery approved by the provincial forest seedling management station; The label of grafted seedlings is issued by the Camellia oleifera seedling nursery approved by the provincial forest seedling management station.
Confirm that the scion is a good variety
The grafting technology of camellia oleifera bud rootstock has been widely popularized, and the key of this technology lies in whether its scion is an excellent variety. Some illegal seedling vendors use non-improved camellia oleifera cuttings for grafting and breeding of camellia oleifera seedlings, and most buyers are fooled in this respect.
Purchase qualified seedlings
The Administrative Measures for Camellia Oleifera Afforestation Project in Hunan Province (Trial) stipulates that strong seedlings of first-and second-class qualified varieties must be used for Camellia Oleifera afforestation, and container seedlings should be advocated for afforestation.
Grafted seedlings of class I qualified varieties: full terminal buds, no pests and diseases; The marriage interface is complete, and no roots germinate. One-year-old seedlings, the seedling age is 0(0.5)-0.5 [0 represents the seedling age after grafting; (0.5) represents the age of the sprout rootstock; 0.5 represents the seedling age of budded seedlings, the same below]; The ground diameter is 0.25 cm; Seedling height 1 1 cm; The root length is 15cm. Two-year-old seedlings, seedling age 0 (0.5)-1.5; The ground diameter is 0.40 cm; The seedling height is 40 cm; The root system is 20 cm long.
Grafted seedlings of grade II qualified varieties: full terminal buds, no pests and diseases; The marriage interface is complete, and no roots germinate. One-year-old seedlings, seedling age 0 (0.5)-0.5; The ground diameter is 0.2 cm; Seedling height is 7 cm; The root length is 12 cm. Two-year-old seedlings, seedling age 0 (0.5)-1.5; The ground diameter is 0.3 cm; The seedling height is 30 cm; The root length is 15cm.
Qualified seedlings of container seedlings by bud grafting: seedling age is 0.2-0.5-0.3 or 0.2-0.8; The ground diameter is 0.2 cm; Seedling height10 cm; Root length15 cm; There should be 18 lateral roots longer than 5 cm; No quarantine object, normal color, no less than 3 growing points, full terminal buds, no mechanical damage, and intact container. The root ball is complete, the lateral roots are developed evenly and do not agglomerate.
tea-oil tree
Identification of true and false grafted seedlings of camellia oleifera bud seedlings
Grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera have no trace of marriage interface, and must be seedlings; Grafted seedlings have only one-sided joint marks and are fake seedlings; The grafted scion does not survive, and the branches and buds growing at or below the joint mark are false seedlings; 1 year-old grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera have more than two lateral branches or buds, the trunk of the seedlings is slender and upright, and the size of veins, teeth and leaves is obviously different from that of branches, leaves and buds on the grafted cuttings, which is a semi-fake seedling with uncleared impurities, also known as sprout vegetables; Two branches or buds grow on the upper part of the grafting interface mark of 1 year-old oil tea seedlings, which are the branches and buds of grafted scions; There are thick buds on the upper side of the joint, and there are incomplete leaves under the branch buds, and the angle of the buds or branches is smaller than that of the incomplete leaves, which is a good scion seedling.
Eliminate pests and diseases
tea-oil tree
Anthracnose: control before winter, 50% carbendazim, 500 times wettable powder solution. Use 50% WP 300 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for prevention and control in summer.
Soft rot: 300-500 times of 50% carbendazim, 300-500 times of 75% thiophanate methyl, 50% degerming 1000- 1500 times of bordeaux1100 times of liquid.
Root rot: 1% disinfectant vaccine such as copper sulfate or dixone.
Blue-winged Anoplophora longicorn: 20% fruit emulsion can be sprayed 500 times at the peak of adult emergence, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times, and 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed 500 times at the larval stage.
Elephant worm: 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution, 80% dichlorvos EC 1: 1 times water 1000 times solution.