The Great Wall and Xiuchi Road used troops to fight against Xiongnu and South Vietnam, which consumed a lot of manpower and financial resources and greatly increased the people's corvee and tax burden. At the same time, severe laws have been enacted, making it easy for people to violate the criminal law. After Qin Ershi succeeded to the throne, he was given more benefits, defended himself and used more harshly, which made the world tired and the people suffered greatly. In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), a group of poor peasants who were sent to Yuyang (now Miyun, Beijing) marched to osawa Township, Qixian County (now Suxian County, Anhui Province), and met with continuous heavy rain, which blocked the road and prevented them from reaching their destination on time. According to the provisions of the Qin law, this delay should be cut. In this case, Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the two captains guarding the stroke, secretly discussed, and now running away is death, and rising up to revolt is only death. Why not do something desperate? So, they used the tactics of "the fish belly is full of Dan" and "burning the fox" to launch a garrison uprising, kill the officers in custody, and put forward the slogan of "Great Chu Xing, Chen" (Historical Records, Chen She Family). Chen Sheng established himself as a general, took Guangwu as his surname, and called on the masses to revolt in the name of Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Xiang Yan, the general of Chu. The insurgents quickly captured Qixian (now south of Suxian County, Anhui Province), and then marched westward to capture Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), an important town of the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the insurgents had six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. The insurgents established the "Zhang Chu" regime in Chen Jian, and Chen Sheng was elected as the king. The establishment of Zhang Chu regime promoted the climax of the national anti-Qin struggle, and farmers all over the country killed dragon officials in response to Chen Sheng. Chen Sheng, with Chen as the center, divided into several ways and marched in all directions to expand the influence of the revolutionary regime. Guangwu led the main force to the west, ready to take Xianyang, and was blocked in Xingyang, a strategic town, which was at loggerheads with Qin Jun. Chen Sheng sent Zhou Wen's army to drive straight to Guanzhong, and reached Hanguguan (now northeast of Lingbao, Henan Province), with thousands of rebel chariots and hundreds of thousands of foot soldiers. Zhou Wenjun passed all the way, and soon captured Huiji (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province) and approached Xianyang, Qin Dou. Qin Ershi was very shocked. He quickly pardoned hundreds of thousands of criminals who built tombs in Lishan Mountain, and hastily formed an army led by Shaofu Zhang Han to counter the peasant army. Being alone and lacking in training and combat experience, Zhou Wenjun was forced to quit Hangu Pass after several painful struggles and successive setbacks. In the final battle of Mianchi, he failed again and Zhou Wen committed suicide. Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, pushed eastward, forcing Guangwu, who besieged Xingyang, and his peasant army to surrender. Guangwu was killed by Tiancang Department because he could not attack Xingyang for a long time. Then, Tian Cang led the army westward to attack Zhang Han. In the battle of Aocang, Tiancang was defeated and died. After Zhang Han lifted the siege of Xingyang by rebels, he threw himself at the uprising center. Chen Sheng personally led the army to battle, but he failed. In December of the second year of Qin Ershi, Chen Sheng retreated to his father's place in downtown (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. The uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu lasted for six months and finally failed. However, it dealt a heavy blow to the decadent rule of the Qin Dynasty and laid the foundation for overthrowing the Qin Dynasty. Since then, peasant insurgents all over the country have been constantly fighting against the Qin Dynasty, and finally overthrew the Qin Dynasty. The revolutionary initiative and heroism shown by Chen Sheng's Guangwu Uprising inspired thousands of peasants in Qian Qian to fight against feudal rule.
background
1. Qin Shihuang's tyranny (1) land rent, oral tribute, corvee and military service, Epang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum, with 700,000 prisoners, 300,000 Huns and 500,000 Wuling. In addition, the number of soldiers in the country reached 2 million. The national population is about 20 million, that is,110 people do not produce. "Ding Nan was defeated by A and Ding Nv, and it was miserable, and people in the aisle were trees, to the dead." ("Han Yan 'an Biography") (2) The harsh criminal law "blocks the road with clothes and makes it a city". The people rebelled angrily.
Peasant uprising at the end of Qin dynasty
2. Qin Ershi's ignorance and decay aggravated the contradiction.
Ying Zheng toured the sand dunes, and before he died, he sent a letter to Fu Su, the eldest son of the (Yan 'an) army, to return to Xianyang to preside over the funeral. However, West Shu was detained by Zhao Gao, commander of CRRC House who was playing tricks. Zhao took control of Hu Hai, the youngest son of the first emperor, threatened to seduce Prime Minister Reese, forged a testamentary edict to make Hu Hai the second emperor, and fabricated a crime to grant Fu Su the death penalty. Hu Hai was cruel and fatuous, forcing many court officials to death and imprisoning many craftsmen in the pyramid-shaped mound.
Hu Hai acceded to the throne, appointed Zhao Gao as a doctor, and killed Meng Zhen and other ministers and the princess of the Qin royal family. Afraid of being despised by the world, I also went out for a cruise and set up a stone tablet. In order to strengthen the armament of the capital, 50,000 soldiers (crossbow shooters) were stationed in Xianyang, and dogs, horses and animals were added for him to hunt. Xianyang is short of grain and grass, so it is ordered to adjust grain from all over the country, and service personnel should bring their own dry food. The grain produced in the fields within 300 miles around Xianyang shall not be eaten without authorization. As a result, taxes have increased to more than two-thirds of farmers' income.
blasting fuse
Liu bang
In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the imperial court levied a garrison in Yuyang, with Chen Sheng and Guangwu as commanders. They arrived in osawa Township (now the southeast of Su County, Anhui Province), and were delayed by the heavy rain. According to Qin law, if it expires, it will be beheaded. Chen Sheng launched a garrison uprising and put forward the slogan of "Great Chu Xing, Chen". Chen Sheng established himself as a general, thinking that he was a surname. In the name of Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang who was granted a reprieve, and Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, he called on the masses to resist Qin.
The insurgents quickly captured Qixian (now south of Suzhou, Anhui). When the insurgents entered Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), there were already tens of thousands of infantry. Chen Sheng established himself as the king, with the title of Zhang Chu, and was appointed as the pseudo-king. He led the army to attack Xingyang in the west, Zhao in the north, Deng Zongnan to conquer Jiujiang, and Wei in the north.
The uprising failed.
The insurgents quickly captured Qixian (now south of Suxian County, Anhui Province), and then marched westward to capture Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), an important town of the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the insurgents had six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. The insurgents established the "Zhang Chu" regime in Chen Jian, and Chen Sheng was elected as the king. The establishment of Zhang Chu regime promoted the climax of the national anti-Qin struggle, and farmers all over the country killed dragon officials in response to Chen Sheng. Chen Sheng, with Chen as the center, divided into several ways and marched in all directions to expand the influence of the revolutionary regime. Guangwu led the main force to the west, ready to take Xianyang, and was blocked in Xingyang, a strategic town, which was at loggerheads with Qin Jun. Chen Sheng sent Zhou Wen's army to drive straight to Guanzhong, and reached Hanguguan (now northeast of Lingbao, Henan Province), with thousands of rebel chariots and hundreds of thousands of foot soldiers. Zhou Wenjun passed all the way, and soon captured Huiji (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province) and approached Xianyang, Qin Dou. Qin Ershi was very shocked. He quickly pardoned hundreds of thousands of criminals who built tombs in Lishan Mountain, and hastily formed an army led by Shaofu Zhang Han to counter the peasant army. Being alone and lacking in training and combat experience, Zhou Wenjun was forced to quit Hangu Pass after several painful struggles and successive setbacks. In the final battle of Mianchi, he failed again and Zhou Wen committed suicide. Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, pushed eastward, forcing Guangwu, who besieged Xingyang, and his peasant army to surrender. Guangwu was killed by Tiancang Department because he could not attack Xingyang for a long time. Then, Tian Cang led the army westward to attack Zhang Han. In the battle of Aocang, Tiancang was defeated and died. After Zhang Han lifted the siege of Xingyang by rebels, he threw himself at the uprising center. Chen Sheng personally led the army to battle, but he failed. In December of the second year of Qin Ershi, Chen Sheng retreated to his father's place in downtown (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. The uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu lasted for six months and finally failed.
The demise of the Qin dynasty
After Chen Sheng and the rebels captured Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime and openly opposed Qin. At this time, Pei
Xiang Yu
The county magistrate also wants to respond to the continued control of Pei county's political power. At that time, Xiao He and Cao Can were the main officials below the magistrate. They suggested that the county magistrate recall the exiled people in the county, so as to increase their strength and prevent future troubles. The magistrate felt justified, so he asked Fan Yan, Liu Bang's best friend, to get Liu Bang back, and Liu Bang took people back. The county magistrate here regretted it again, fearing that Liu Bang would return out of control or be killed by Liu Bang, which was tantamount to inviting wolves into the room. So, he ordered to close the gate, ready to capture Xiao He and Cao Can. When Xiao He and Cao Can heard the news, they quickly fled outside the city. Liu bang shot the letter into the city, encouraged the people in the city to rise up and kill the treacherous county magistrate, and together they defended their hometown. The people are very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who doesn't take care of them at ordinary times. After killing the county magistrate, they opened the gate to welcome Liu Bang and elected him Pei Gong to lead the uprising. Liu Bang listened to public opinion, set up an altar, called himself the son, and led the people to raise the anti-Qin banner. This year was September of the first year of Qin Ershi, and Liu Bang was 48 years old. There was also a powerful force in the peasant war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, that is, Xiang Yu, a descendant of the original Chu nobility, and his uncle Xiang Liang, rose up in Wuzhong (now Wuxian, Jiangsu) and soon reached nearly 10,000 people. After Xiang Liang's death, Xiang Yu decided to follow Liu Bang's westward expedition to Guanzhong.
Liu Bang didn't go well at first, but after several battles, Liu Bang moved westward step by step, and finally arrived in Enemy at the Gates, not far east of Xianyang (now Anton). Seeing that the tide was gone, Zi Ying, the king of Qin, had to surrender and give the decree to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty was over. This happened in 206 BC.
Historical significance related links