Why didn't the arcade architecture in Lingnan become popular? Lingnan "
balcony
"Style architecture has not become popular because of the current road.
pavement
Must be used for greening, and it is forbidden to build arcades. The arcade policy is no longer promoted on the open road, and the arcade begins to show signs of decline. Since the 1990s, the arcade has encountered a greater crisis, which has become an obstacle to construction and started to be demolished. The arcade has become an awkward building, wandering between tradition and modernity.
However, most Guangzhou residents still have deep feelings for the arcade that sheltered them from the wind and rain. And this affection has also given a new life to the arcade that has been hovering between demolition and storage.
Since 2002, Guangzhou has begun to decorate many arcades as a whole, such as Renmin Road,
Shangxiajiu
The arcade street connected with Jinlong West Road has been transformed, forming a complete arcade passage more than two kilometers long.
Nowadays, many arcades in Guangzhou have been completely transformed and "blossomed" in a modern way. There are many big-name stars' faces on the colonnade, and carved stools are placed upstairs for people to rest. In my spare time, it has become a habit for Guangzhou people to visit the arcade.
Walking in the arcade, thinking of those far-away Miss Xiguan and Miss Dongshan, I only feel that the flower arcade in front of me is not only colorful, but also fashionable and beautiful.
Architectural style of arcade in Guangdong
Abstract: Guangzhou arcade is a Lingnan characteristic building, which is a perfect case of the combination of living environment and commercial space.
Guangzhou arcade has a long history and is the crystallization of the wisdom of modern Guangzhou people.
With its rich Chinese and western cultural heritage and rich decorative patterns, the arcade building has formed a beautiful architectural landscape in a continuous and unified way.
As a result of the integration of Chinese and foreign cultures, the arcade shows its unique historical features and regional cultural characteristics.
It is an important architectural form under specific historical conditions.
Keywords: Guangdong arcade; Cultural connotation; Architectural form; Built for a specific purpose
The first chapter is introduction.
China has a vast territory and diverse climate. In the course of historical development, some unique architectural types and town forms have been formed.
For example, the alleys in Shanghai, the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, the quadrangles in Beijing, the caves in Shanxi, the earth buildings in Fujian and, of course, the arcades in Lingnan.
The arcade is an architectural form with local characteristics in Guangdong, with strong national and regional characteristics.
At the same time, it is also the main street form in southern China, especially in Lingnan area.
Guangzhou arcade gradually appeared at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. It is an architectural form with Lingnan characteristics, which combines European style and Southeast Asian regional style.
It is the product of the combination of local open storefront architecture and foreign colonial architecture, and also shows the characteristics of Guangdong architecture well.
The architectural characteristics of the arcade make it adapt to the hot, humid, rainy and seasonal humid climate in Lingnan area.
This combination of Chinese and western architectural features has formed the architectural style of most streets in Guangzhou.
The existing arcades in Guangzhou are mainly concentrated in the old city of Guangzhou, such as Shangxiajiu Road and Yide Road. Rows of arcades stand on both sides of the road, forming a unique and rich cultural heritage of the old city of Guangzhou.
The second chapter is the formation and present situation of arcades in Guangdong.
With the development of economy, Guangzhou arcade began to appear at the end of the 20th century.
Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the late Qing Dynasty, vigorously promoted the westernization construction after he took office. At the same time, he was very concerned about the construction of sand surface rental and was quite dissatisfied with the chaotic state of Guangzhou streets at that time.
So Zhang Zhidong put forward a plan to build a long dike, which is a comprehensive development plan. Now it seems that the long dike plan has improved the material construction of the city, developed the economy, improved the present situation of traditional commerce in Guangzhou, and had a great impact on the overall development of Guangzhou.
In fact, the idea of dike is the embryonic form of Guangzhou arcade. This measure not only strictly controls dikes, roads and corridors, but also brings unprecedented openness and vitality to the whole urban space in Guangzhou. Before the foreign arcades did not enter China and gradually evolved into modern arcades, the arcades in Southeast Asia were the product of the combination of foreign forms with local geography, natural environment and human environment.
There are three types of modern Lingnan arcades, especially mixed arcades.
Most of the arcades in Guangzhou were transformed from traditional "bamboo houses", and arcades became popular in the early 1930s.
At that time, the main commercial streets used arcades, which were suitable for living and business, and the combination of residence and business.
During the popular period of arcade, the arcade group in Xihaokou, Guangzhou was spectacular, and Aiqun Hotel built in 1934 was a typical arcade structure in Guangzhou.
With the establishment of New China and the reform and opening up, the arcade, as the representative of Lingnan traditional architecture, gradually lost its survival function.
With the development of economy, arcades are difficult to meet people's demand for space, and many modern high-rise buildings have sprung up, and the economic center has gradually shifted from the old city to the new city.
The arcade in the old city is still well preserved, and now it is more used for commercial operation, such as Beijing Road Pedestrian Street, which is transformed from the original traditional arcade building.
Today's Beijing Road, the traditional arcade has been painted, and the traditional atmosphere and modern atmosphere blend with each other.
Chapter III Symbolic Style of Arcade Architecture
In Guangzhou, arcades are generally composed of three parts, namely the roof, the main body and the bottom.
The roofs of arcades have different shapes, such as towers, and some have arched awnings on the front. The shape of the arcade roof is very rich.
The decoration of the building is also different, such as relief pattern, balcony cast iron railing and window opening. Colorful forms make the walls of arcade buildings very beautiful.
Some walls are decorated with western Baroque or Rococo architectural styles, some are decorated with fruits with Lingnan characteristics and auspicious meanings, some are China classical rolling grass patterns, and some use Manchu windows on the arcade.
The decorative surface of the arcade wall is often eclectic, and the integration of Chinese and western cultural buildings has formed the unique architectural style of Lingnan architecture.
The most important surface of the arcade is the facade along the street, which can be divided into three sections: from bottom to top, there are arcade columns, floors and cornices.
On the facade along the street, some rich decorative bas-reliefs or patterns are often added to the lintel or cornice below the windowsill of each floor, and the decorative patterns on the facade become rich as a whole and blend in with the surrounding environment.
The first floor of the arcade is a corridor connecting shops, theaters, hotels and tea houses, and the upstairs is for living.
The design method of this kind of arcade is somewhat similar to the original form of arcade architecture in Singapore, and the form of verandah is probably built by British colonists, so there is a saying that "the earliest form of arcade is the form of verandah in British and Indian colonies".
This combination can be described as the perfect combination of business and residence. The free corridor not only gives people a space to stop in hot summer and rainy season, but also provides sufficient conditions for commercial prosperity.
The building structure of the arcade, because the storefront is not on the street, so in order to support the overall balance of the building, two pillars protrude from the building corridor, which we call colonnade.
Generally, the column spacing is 4m, the depth is 4m, and the clear height is 5m or 6m.
From the structural form, the early arcade building structure was mainly brick and wood, and the lime mortar surface was used for decoration.
With the progress of the times, the building materials of modern arcades are gradually replaced by mixed materials, so most modern arcades are replaced by reinforced concrete structures.
However, the arcades in different times still maintain the brick-wood structure.
On the one hand, it can be seen that there are similarities between Guangdong arcade and China traditional architectural culture, on the other hand, it also conveys the message that the architectural form is the result of long-term interaction between man and nature.
The treatment of the facade of the arcade has important artistic value, and the treatment of the facade of the arcade is relatively mature.
At the entrance of the arcade, there is usually a typical Lingnan style archway. Influenced by foreign culture, the parapet at the top of the arcade, the middle floor and the corridor on the first floor are all very European designs.
At the same time, there are also styles influenced by the Renaissance retro atmosphere, and there are also local influences, forming a mixed style.
From the inside, China's architectural language and western architectural language are intertwined and infiltrated with each other.
The two cultures are vividly displayed.
The arcade perfectly represents these two cultures and is the characteristic of Guangdong architecture.
It organically combines the flower windows representing the palace style of China classical architecture with the brick-carved archway, with prominent round arch windows and Roman columns in the west.
There are two schools of arcades in Guangzhou, Dongshan arcade and Xiguan arcade, and their styles are somewhat different.
Xiguan arcade should be said to be the representative of the early arcade, and its decoration has obvious traces of copying Baroque style. Most buildings and mountain flowers use ancient Roman decorative symbols, such as curly patterns and Roman columns.
But Xiguan arcade also absorbed many elements of China traditional architecture.
Dongshan arcade was formed later than Xiguan arcade, but aesthetically, Dongshan arcade moved from concrete to abstract, gradually abandoned those more complicated symbol decorations and became more modern and concise.
Chapter IV Summary
Guangzhou's arcade has a long history and culture, which is the essence of Lingnan architectural culture. The arcade building is not only a treasure of Lingnan, but also an excellent architectural form.
However, with the continuous advancement of Guangzhou's goal of building an international metropolis, the balance between tradition and modernity is once again challenged, mainly reflected in its attitude towards traditional architecture.
How to protect traditional architecture and strike a balance between tradition and modernity is the most important issue we should consider.
In the era of social and economic development, we should strengthen protection to protect our traditional buildings, and at the same time strengthen innovation, so that the arcade and its culture can survive and develop, making it an important witness to witness the vigorous development of Guangzhou.
refer to
[1] Yang Honglie, On the Cultural Renaissance of Guangzhou Qilou Commercial Street [J], Planner, 1998 (9): 32 ~ 34.
[2] An Yang Yang Honglie, on the cultural revival of Guangzhou arcade commercial street [J] huazhong architecture, 200 1 (8): 43 ~ 45.
[3] Luo Yulin, Liwan Pearl, [M], published by China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Publishing Company, 1998.
[4] Huang Foyi, Guangzhou Chengfangzhi, [M], Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1996.