Xiao Ku, add two or three strokes of Hsinchu.

Read it backwards with the handwritten version, and let me steal some time.

The breeze is ancient and cold, the moss is white and the stone is rotten, and the banana is rainy.

Qingshan loves me, and I love Qingshan.

[Introduction by the author]

Zhang Kejiu (later about 1280 ~ 1348) was an essayist in Yuan Dynasty. When it comes to fame, it is a hill. Qingyuan (now Ningbo, Zhejiang) was born. He lived later than Lu Zhi and Ma Zhiyuan. Ghost book lists him as "the person I just met today". His life cannot be verified in detail, except that he lived for a long time and was still alive in the period of mindfulness. "Ghost Record Book" said that he "changed from a road official to a big official", and the big official was a civil official, equivalent to the ambassador of the tax class (some people said that he was a small official in charge of copywriting). He used to be an envoy of Tonglu, an aide to Kunshan in his 70s, and a tax inspector Song Yuan in his 80s. He lived in seclusion as an official and traveled all over Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan and Jiangxi.

Zhang Kejiu's long-term career as an official had a great influence on his creation. The ups and downs of life inevitably made him depressed and sad. His nine poems "Ma Zhiyuan Zuyun" (Qing Dongyuan) express the feeling of being poor and white, and the world is bleak. Sometimes, people's sufferings and sinister people's hearts are inevitably related to it: "Mourning the Qin and Han Dynasties, painting charcoal by people, sighing by scholars" ([selling flowers] "nostalgia for the past"), "Mountain is not dangerous than people's hearts" ([Hong Xiuxie] "Tiantai Waterfall Temple"). He even wrote in Drunk Peace and Feelings: "When the crystal ring enters the batter basin, it will get sticky and roll. The article became a money hoard, the door became a maze, it was clean and degraded, and the gourd was stable. " Revealed the reality that black and white were reversed at that time, and saints and fools did not distinguish. It is just that there are few such cynical works.

There are many feelings and scenery that yearn for seclusion and describe seclusion life in Zhang Kejiu's works. "Seclusion" is a traditional theme, but for Zhang Kejiu, it has its special and profound ideological connotation. He has been running around in the sea of officials all his life, and he is still an official in the year of trailer, so he has no choice but to have difficulties. Therefore, in the chapters named after "Reviving Xing", "Thinking in Travel" and "Being in Tao", there are often sad emotions and longing for a stable rural life. For example, "The drums beat at 25 o'clock in autumn, and the water museum has a postal distance of 1,300 miles." The green hills are long and its Xiu Yuan is long, the mangroves are cold in the west, and the centenarians have a half-name (Indulge in the East Wind and Think on Autumn Night), which objectively reflects the difficult and turbulent situation of scholars in the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Kejiu's seclusion life is so quiet and leisurely, such as "follow the pine creek, get married and study deeply". Since it is sunny and raining, I don't want to go to the green hills and white clouds. "([Mei Feng]" Biyun Peak Bookstore ") Because of its rich experience, it has traveled all over the south of the Yangtze River, so there are still many landscapes.

Zhang Kejiu's friends are mostly officials and literati, so his life is narrow and his works are not broad enough. His singing works are many, both in thought and art are mediocre. At the same time, his social status and experience determine that his attitude towards life is more obedient. Although he is angry and dissatisfied, he shows a color of "complaining without anger"

Zhang Kejiu is a representative writer of Li Qing School in Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Quan's Taihe Yin Zhengpu was known as the "master of Ci". Xu Guangye said that he "resigned and pursued Yuefu's works, picking up the show of Song and Tang Dynasties." The main artistic features of his Sanqu are: ① paying attention to rhythm and rhythm; (2) Pay attention to refining words, be neat in antithesis and use beautiful words; (3) Poetry fusion, paying attention to implicit beauty, often blending famous poems and sentences, thus becoming elegant. These characteristics have been fully demonstrated in his famous divertimento [A Flower] and "Late Return on the Lake": "The sky is full of colorful clouds, and the water covers the autumn mirror far away; Bones are like human faces, and mountains are green like Buddha heads. The picture is full of color, with light clouds and light wind, and beautiful eyebrows and eyes. But with the fragrance of incense, why bother to shed a thin shadow. " Here, with rich analogy and imagination, the evening scene of the West Lake is outlined, chapters and sentences are carefully carved, and the famous sentences of predecessors are integrated to create an elegant realm, which is praised by Li Kaixian as "the swan song of the ages".

Zhang Kejiu's works, in order to break away from the original appearance of Sanqu sketches and enter elegance, pay too much attention to formal beauty in their creation. But as a beautiful style, he became one of the models of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, and his works made Sanqu gardens more colorful. In particular, his landscape works have unique kung fu, such as "Cloud Ran Ran, fine grass, who lives in seclusion?" Cold hookah, dangerous creek road, half a green curtain, Wuli Peach Blossom Shop. "([Welcome Xianke]" Surrounding Mountain Road ") This exquisite and beautiful poem writes the beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River and gives people beautiful enjoyment.

Zhang Kejiu was very famous at that time, and he was a key figure in the transformation of this school. Sanqu in the early Yuan Dynasty advocated the truth of nature, but pursued elegance and elegance in the later period. Zhang Kejiu played an important role in this transformation with his creative practice. His works are regarded as the model of later period. For example, when talking about some writers in Ghost Records, we often compare them, which shows his important position in the history of Sanqu.

Zhang Kejiu's Sanqu works were complete at that time. "Ghost Record" records that "Yuefu is popular all over the world today, with Yanwu and Su Causeway fish singing nearby" (Tianyi Pavilion Edition). According to Hu's Ghost Record, his son Hu Cunshan once compiled Xiao Shan Yue Fu. Zhang Kejiu's Sanqu collected today includes Tian Yige's "Fu on the Hill"; Yingyuan manuscript "Beiqu Lotus Yuefu"; Li Ming Kaixian series "Poems of Zhang Xiaoshan"; Xu Wei compiled "The Yue Fu on the Hill"; Yu Xia's Selected Poems of Zhang Xiaoshan in Qing Dynasty: Zhang Xiaoshan's Northern Qu Lian Yue Fu edited by Lao Quan in Qing Dynasty (this article was published in Yuan Dynasty, and was collated and supplemented); There are also Ren Ne's Sanqu series, "Yue Fu on the Hill" and so on. His works are compiled from Yolanda Sanqu by Sui Shusen, with 855 poems and 9 divertimentos.