First, the common equipment of Chinese and western cakes
According to their nature, the commonly used equipment of Chinese and western cakes can be divided into mechanical equipment, heating and ripening equipment, constant temperature equipment, storage equipment and workbench.
(1) mechanical equipment
Mechanical equipment is an important equipment in pastry production, which can not only reduce the labor intensity of producers, stabilize product quality, but also help improve labor productivity and facilitate large-scale production.
1, dough mixer
The dough mixer, also known as the powder mixer, mainly uses materials to mix various powders. It is mainly composed of motor, transmission device, face box agitator, control switch and so on. It uses mechanical movement to make flour, water or other ingredients into dough, which is often used to prepare a large number of dough. The working efficiency of the dough mixer is 5 to 10 units higher than that of manual operation, and it is the most commonly used machine in pastry making.
2. Dough press
The dough mixer, also known as the rolling machine, consists of a frame, a motor, a conveyor belt, a roller, a shaft regulator and other components. Its function is to press the mixed dough into leather with required thickness through the gap between rollers for further processing.
3. Diverter
The segmentation mechanism is complex and diverse. Its main purpose is to divide the preliminarily fermented dough evenly and make it have a certain shape. Its characteristics are fast segmentation speed, accurate molecular weight and standardized molding.
4. Kneading machine
The dough kneading machine is one of the bread forming equipment, which is mainly used to knead the bread round.
5. Egg beater
Egg beater, also known as blender, consists of motor, transmission device and mixing barrel. It mainly uses the mechanical movement of agitator to stir egg liquid, sauce, cream and so on. Generally, it has the function of sectional speed change or stepless speed change. The multifunctional egg beater also has the functions of kneading dough, whipping and stuffing mixing, so it is widely used.
6. jiaozi molding machine
At present, the jiaozi molding machine produced in China is an enema dumpling machine. When in use, the mixed flour and stuffing are respectively put into the flour barrel and the stuffing barrel, and the stuffing is poured into the flour tube under the push of the respective propellers to form an enema, and then rolled and cut into a single jiaozi.
7. Meat grinder
Meat grinder is used to grind meat stuffing, bean paste stuffing and so on. Its principle is to use the central shaft to push the raw materials to the cross knife, and through the adjustment and rotation of the cross knife, the raw materials are combined into paste for further processing.
8. Refiner
The refiner is mainly used to grind rice pulp, soybean milk and so on. Its principle is to make the raw materials look like pulp through the high-speed rotation of the grinding disc for further processing.
In addition, there are extrusion molding machines, noodle machines, moon cake molding machines and so on.
(2) heating mature equipment
1, stove
At present, there are two cooking methods and stoves suitable for cooking: steam cooking stoves and combustion cooking stoves.
(1) steam stove
It is a kind of heating equipment widely used in the kitchen at present, which is generally divided into steamer and steam pressure cooker.
Steaming box is steam to conduct heat energy and steam food directly. Compared with the traditional coal fire steamer heating method, it has the advantages of convenient operation, safe use, low labor intensity, cleanliness and high thermal efficiency.
Steam pressure cooker (also known as steam jacketed cooker) exchanges heat energy with the water in the pot by introducing hot steam into the interlayer of the pot, so that the water boils, thus achieving the purpose of heating food. It overcomes the disadvantage that it is easy to change the color and taste of food or even coke when heated with open flame. In pastry technology, it is often used to make syrup, concentrated jam, fried bean paste filling, lotus paste filling, jujube paste filling and so on.
(2) The combustion cooking stove (that is, the traditional fire cooking stove) is a kind of equipment that uses coal, diesel oil, gas and other energy sources to generate heat to make the water in the pot boil, and uses the convection heat transfer of water or steam to make the green body mature. At present, most hotels and guesthouses use gas stoves, which mainly use the size of firepower to adjust the water temperature or steam to make the green body mature. Its characteristic is that it is suitable for heating a small amount of products. When using, we must pay attention to standardized operation to ensure safety.
2. Far infrared oven
Far-infrared baking oven (also known as "far-infrared baking oven") is a mature electric heating equipment necessary for most restaurants and hotel pastry rooms. It is suitable for baking Chinese and western cakes and has the advantages of fast heating, high efficiency and energy saving.
Far infrared ray is a kind of radio electromagnetic wave that travels straight at the speed of light, and its wavelength is between 3~ 1000 micron. It is an invisible, exothermic radiation. Far infrared rays radiate to an object, some of them are reflected back, some of them penetrate the object to continue radiation, and some of them are absorbed by the object and converted into heat energy. Far-infrared electric oven directly converts the far infrared absorbed by the heated object into heat energy, so that the object itself heats up and heats up, thus achieving the purpose of ripening the blank.
Commonly used far-infrared electric ovens are single-door, double-door, multi-layer and other models, generally equipped with automatic thermostat, timer, buzzer alarm and so on. The advanced electric oven can also adjust the upper and lower fires separately, and has special functions such as steam injection. It is simple and sanitary to use, and can accommodate 2~ 10 (or more) baking trays at the same time.
3. Far-infrared multifunctional electric steamer
Far-infrared multifunctional electric steamer takes electricity as energy source, and uses far-infrared electric heating tube to convert electric energy into heat energy, so as to achieve the purpose of ripening green body through the action of heat transfer medium (water or oil, metal). Because of its advantages of simple operation, rapid heating, sanitation and cleanliness, no pollution, and various mature uses such as steaming, boiling, frying, frying and burning, it is being widely used at present.
4. Microwave oven
Microwave oven is a new type of heating equipment widely used abroad in recent years, and it is gradually recognized and adopted by consumers in China.
Microwave is an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 300 ~ 300,000 MHz, which is between radio wave and infrared wave. Microwave heating means that microwave energy is emitted by microwave elements and transmitted to microwave heater through waveguide, which makes microwave heating have obvious advantages such as short heating time, strong penetration, instantaneous temperature rise, less food nutrition loss and high yield. However, because there is no "naked flame" phenomenon, the product lacks the caramelization effect of sugar when it is mature, and its color is poor.
(3) Constant temperature equipment
Thermostatic equipment is an indispensable equipment for making cakes and bread, which is mainly used for fermentation, refrigeration and freezing of raw materials and food. Commonly used are fermentation box, electric freezer (box), refrigerator and ice cream machine.
1, fermentation box
Fermentation boxes come in many models and sizes. Fermentation boxes are mostly made of stainless steel, which consists of sealed outer frame, movable door, stainless steel bracket, power control switch, water tank, temperature and temperature adjustment. The working principle of women's fermentation box is that the water in the evaporation tank is heated by electric heating tube, so that the dough can be fully fermented and expanded under strict temperature and humidity. For example, when bread is fermented, the fermentation box is generally adjusted to a set temperature before fermentation.
2, electric freezer (box)
Electric freezer (box) is the main equipment for making modern West Point. According to the structure, there are two kinds of direct cooling (natural convection of cold air) and air cooling (forced circulation of cold air), and according to the use, there are two kinds of fresh-keeping and low-temperature freezing. No matter what kind of freezer (box), it has a heat insulation shell and a refrigeration system, and its refrigeration temperature range is -40℃~ 10℃. With automatic constant temperature control and automatic defrosting function, it is convenient to use. It can be used for cold storage or frozen processing of raw materials, semi-finished products or finished products.
Step 3: refrigerator
Refrigerators are mainly used to prepare ice, crushed ice and shaved ice. It consists of evaporator ice mold, water sprayer, circulating water pump, demoulding heating wire, ice tank, ice storage tank, etc. The whole ice making process is automatic. First, the ice-making system is used for refrigeration, and the water is sprayed on the mold of the relevant authorities with a water pump, and gradually frozen into ice cubes. Then stop the refrigeration, demould the ice cubes with electric heating wires, enter the ice storage tank along the slideway, and then take them out for refrigeration manually.
4. Ice cream machine
The ice cream machine consists of a refrigeration system and a stirring system. When making, the prepared liquid raw materials are put into a container of a stirring system, and cooled while stirring. Because the hygiene requirements of ice cream are relatively high, ice cream machines are generally stainless steel, which is not easy to pollute food and is easy to disinfect.
(4) storage devices
1, locker
Lockers are mostly made of stainless steel (also made of wood), which are used to hold grains such as rice and flour.
2. Wash basin
Generally, there are wooden pots, earthen pots, aluminum pot, enamel pots and stainless steel pot. , 30~80cm in diameter and other specifications, used for kneading noodles, mixing noodles, stuffing and holding things.
Step 3: a lot
Barrels are generally divided into stainless steel barrels or plastic barrels, which are mainly used to hold raw materials such as flour and sugar.
(5) Desk
Workbench refers to the workbench specialized in making bread, also known as desk and chopping board. It is an essential equipment for pastry making. Due to the different materials of desks, there are four common desks: stainless steel desks, wooden desks, marble desks and plastic desks.
1, stainless steel desk
Stainless steel desks are generally made of stainless steel as a whole, and the thickness of stainless steel plates on the surface is between 0.8~ 1.2mm, which requires smoothness and no unevenness. Stainless steel countertops are widely used in hotels and guesthouses because of their beautiful appearance, cleanliness, smooth and bright countertops and good heat transfer performance.
2. Wooden desk
The countertops of wooden tables are mostly 6~ 10cm thick boards, and the underframe is generally made of iron wood. Jujube is the best material for countertops, followed by willow. The desk should be firm, firm and stable, and the surface should be flat, smooth and seamless. This is a traditional table.
3. marble counter
Marble countertops are generally made of marble with a thickness of about 4cm. Because the marble countertop is relatively heavy, its underframe requires special firmness, stability and strong supporting ability. Compared with the wooden desk, it is smoother, better in heat dissipation and corrosion resistance, and it is an ideal equipment for sugar workers.
4. Plastic desk
Plastic countertops are soft in texture, strong in corrosion resistance and not easy to be damaged. It is suitable for processing and making all kinds of products, and its quality is better than that of wooden countertops.
Second, the common tools of Chinese and Western cakes
Pastry production mainly depends on various tools. Because the methods of doing something vary greatly from place to place, the tools used are different. According to the making technology of cakes, the making tools can be divided into skinning tools, shaping tools, maturing tools and other tools.
(1) tanning tools
1, dough stick
Flour stick is an indispensable tool for making leather blanks. All kinds of dough sticks are different in thickness and shortest. Generally speaking, the ones used for rolling noodles and wonton skin are longer, and those used for making crispy skin or rolling sesame cakes are shorter, so you can choose according to your needs.
2. Heart hammer
The hammer, also called walking hammer, is shaped like a roller with a hollow center. When in use, the hand can be inserted into the shaft to roll back and forth. Because of the heavy hammer, it can save labor when rolling dough, and it is an essential tool for rolling large pieces of dough, such as large pieces of pastry and rolling dough.
3. One-handed cane
One-handed stick, also known as small face stick, is generally 25~40cm long, with uniform thickness at both ends and slightly thicker in the middle. It is a special tool for rolling dumpling skin, and is also often used for pastry forming, such as pastry forming.
4. Two-handed staff
Two-handed sticks, also known as flour sticks, are generally 25~30cm long, slightly thinner at both ends and slightly thicker in the middle. When in use, two sticks are used together, and both hands cooperate at the same time. They are often used to roll steamed dumplings and jiaozi.
In addition, there are olive branches, Hua Gun and other leather tools.
(2) Forming tools
1, the impression is mainly made of wood, carved into various shapes, with various specifications such as single concave and multi-concave, and the bottom surface is engraved with various patterns and characters. The blank is molded into exquisite cakes with consistent patterns and specifications, such as Cantonese moon cakes, mung bean cakes, crystal cakes and cakes.
2. Molding
Mould covers, also known as flower seals, are made of steel or stainless steel, and are round, oval, diamond and various flower-and-bird shapes. , often used to make cakes such as biscuits.
3. Mould
Mold, also known as cup mold, is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy and copper skin. It has round and oval shapes and is mainly used for shaping cakes, puddings, towers, pies and bread.
4. flower mouth
The flower mouth, also known as the flower stand mouth and flower stand faucet, is made of copper or stainless steel with various specifications, which can be selected according to the needs of patterns and patterns. When in use, the slurry is put into an extrusion bag, and required patterns, such as cake decoration, cream cookie decoration and the like, are formed through the flower nozzle during extrusion.
5. Flower pliers and floats
Flower pliers are generally made of copper or stainless steel sheets, which are used for flower pliers modeling of various fancy cakes; Float is to leave various patterns on cakes with a small roller, such as bean paste sandwich cake and apple pie.
(3) Mature tools
Mainly matched with mature equipment, such as baking tray, boiling pot, frying spoon, spatula, spatula and so on.
(4) Other tools
There are scraper, spatula, serrated knife, powder sieve, eggbeater, brush, stuffing picker, pomegranate board, small scissors and so on.