Besides, the lantian jade you mentioned does not belong to the four famous jade in China.
Name source
Lantian jade's name first appeared in History of Han Geography, and beautiful jade was produced in Lantian Mountain in the north of Beijing (now the north of Xi 'an). Later, there were records of Lantian's jade production in ancient books such as Biography of consorts in the Later Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng's ode to Xijing, Guangya, Notes on Water Mirror and Yuanhe County Records. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Song said in "Heavenly Creations": "The so-called Lantian is the alias of jade in Qingling (Kunlun Mountain), which was later mistaken for the Lantian of An. "Since then, it has caused disputes for later generations. Some people say that Lantian doesn't produce jade at all, and some people say that even if it produces jade, it may be laiyu (green jade with a color like a vegetable leaf).
Do textual research
In recent years, Shaanxi geologists have discovered serpentine marble jade in Lantian, which is regarded as an ancient recorded lantian jade (1978165438+1People's Daily on October 23rd). This discovery not only attracted the attention of geologists looking for raw materials of Yuzhu, but also attracted the interest of archaeologists. 1982 geological museum, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, exhibited the above-mentioned lantian jade rough stone. When this serpentine is strong, some parts have become jade like Xiuyu. From the appearance, jade has uneven tones such as yellow and light green, accompanied by light white marble. Although this kind of jade is not very beautiful, because Lantian is located near the ancient city of Xi 'an, the hardness of jade is about 4, and it is easy to process, so the ancients may use it as an ornament. There are two jade articles in the Han Dynasty that are very similar to lantian jade today. One is a large jade shop unearthed near Maoling, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Shaanxi Province, with its head embedded in the door of an ancient tomb. The other is Yu Pei of Han Dynasty in the Palace Museum. Judging from the jade quality and color of these two kinds of jade, many geologists think it is similar to lantian jade today. But whether it is really ancient lantian jade needs further testing.
One legend is that ...
Before it was named, Lantian was just a small villa on the ancient post road in Zhong Nanshan. There is a poor scholar named Yang Boyong in the village. He is young, diligent and kind-hearted. Seeing that the passing passengers trudged through this place and lacked a place to rest and drink water, he set up a thatched pavilion for the passing passengers to drink water and drink tea. He has been single for three years. One day, an old man with a stone on his back fell down in front of the pavilion because of overwork. Yang Boyong quickly lifted the old man up, fed him water and saved him. Yang Boyong asked about the cold and warmth, and wanted the old man to stay for an extra hour. The old man said, "I have something to do. I can't stay long." Then he put a bucket of stones on his back and said, "Don't look at these stone heads. If you plant them in the ground, you will produce jade and marry a good wife. " Before Yang Boyong thanked him, the old man disappeared.
Yang Boyong did as the old man asked, and sure enough, a bucket of jade was born in the field. Later, he made five pairs of white jade as a dowry and married a kind and clever girl, Xu. However, there are few mountains in this place. In the face of drought, grain production is reduced, and farmers are starving and miserable. After consulting with his wife, Yang Boyong gave his jade to the people who went down the mountain in exchange for food in the disaster year. The news that the poor villa produces jade spread like wildfire. For a time, officials and bandits colluded and robbed the jade in the field, and the life of the Yang Boyong family and the villagers became a problem.
It turned out that the old man saved by Yang Boyong was not a mortal, but a Venus in white. When he learned that the jade in the field had been looted by officials and bandits, he told Yang Boyong in his dream: "In and out of Nanshan on a sunny day, the jade is hidden in the light smoke." Since then, only insiders have found gems in the mountains. Officials and bandits can only pick blue stones that don't grow into jade, which is a kind of inferior jade.
classify
There are jadeite, jet, colorful jade, white marble and topaz in lantian jade, and most of them are colorful jade, with distinct colors, good color and peculiar patterns. According to the recent survey, lantian jade's reserves exceed 6,543,800 cubic meters, mainly distributed in Yuchuan Township and Hong Men Temple Township. In the past, local folk jade craftsmen used to collect jade by hand, but in recent years, they began to use mechanical quarrying to make various decorations and handicrafts. Such as jade cup, jade inkstone, jade bracelet, fitness ball, etc. Many jade products show natural landscape images, which are inexpensive handicrafts.
trait
Lantian jade, Shaanxi Province, commonly known as "vegetable jade", has a hard texture, bright colors, moist luster and delicate texture.
A piece of jade is multicolored, and its ore is mainly composed of serpentine marble, tremolite, olivine and sedimentary rocks formed by turquoise, diabase and brucite. Chemical components include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide and so on. Mohs hardness is 2-6 degrees. It is a good raw material for jade carving and making handicrafts.
efficacy
Physical tests in lantian jade show that it contains many trace elements beneficial to human body, such as calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, manganese and copper. Has the functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, activating collaterals, promoting blood circulation and caring skin. Lantian jade is regarded as a kind of health jade. Wearing jade often can make the trace elements contained in jade inhale into human body through skin, thus balancing the imbalance between yin and yang and qi and blood, making people get rid of diseases, protect health and prolong life.
use
Lantian jade has been regarded as a treasure by royal families and dignitaries. Qin Shihuang used lantian jade as a jade seal, and Yang Guifei's jade belt was also lantian jade. Legend has it that the token of love that Li Longji gave to Yang Yuhuan was lantian jade. Because its texture is like the tearing of ice, people later named it after Yang Yuhuan's nickname Furong, also known as "Ice Furong Jade". Water hibiscus, fresh and bright, symbolizes beautiful love, especially suitable for young people and fair-skinned people. Because it is located in the spring eye and receives a lot of hot spring water, there are not many soluble minerals. Soaking in water to wash your face has a good maintenance effect on your skin, which can sterilize, diminish inflammation and whiten your skin. Is the only kind of beautiful jade, the biggest feature is that it changes color quickly, so it is favored by the majority of girls! Jade articles made in lantian jade are crystal clear and full of charm, and some are like pines and cypresses, flowing like clouds; Some are like a hundred fish play; Some are like blooming peonies, chrysanthemums and tall and straight bamboos; Some are like pandas eating bamboo and roaring in the valley; Danhe flies, and birds fly towards the phoenix; There is heavy splash of ink; Some are as white as fat; Some are green as jade; Some are as yellow as gold. These products, which combine reality with reality and have different expressions, add infinite interest to natural beauty and are favored by consumers at home and abroad. Its products are sold all over the country and exported to Europe and America. Lantian jade and its handicrafts have become the pillar products of Shaanxi, enjoying high reputation at home and abroad.