Festival custom of North-South integration
Hakka people in Guidong, Guangxi have long lived together with Yao, Zhuang and other fraternal nationalities, forming a colorful festival culture. The Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, June 6th, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice, Sending the Kitchen King and other festivals are the traditional festivals of Hakka people, and the Hakka people living in various parts of eastern Guangxi also have their own characteristics.
(1) Niuwang Festival. Hakka people in eastern Guangxi have always been mainly engaged in agriculture and farming, and they have special feelings for cattle. The Hakkas in Zhaoping and Mengshan regard the eighth day of the fourth lunar month as "Ox King's Day" every year. On the eighth day of April in Zhaoping, Hakkas killed chickens and ducks and brewed glutinous rice liqueur. Young men and women dressed in red and green, sang and danced to celebrate the festival. On that day, all the cows were "on holiday", exempted from all farming and worshipped by their owners. On this day, the Hakkas in Mengshan took the cows to the river to wash them, mowed the tender grass for a hearty meal, and prepared three kinds of sacrifices for the Cow King, praying that the Cow King would take care of the cows and prevent them from getting sick. In the afternoon, all Hakka families in Zhaoping came to the cowshed with fish, wine, fruit and other sacrifices to worship the "soul of cattle". After the worship, some sacrifices will be given to the cows. Legend has it that in ancient times, the ancestors of cattle were born on the eighth day of April. On the eighth day of April, the "Ox King's Day" is celebrated, which is a custom of Hakka people in Fuchuan, Zhongshan, Cenxi, tengxian and other places in eastern Guangxi.
(2) Spring Festival. This is the biggest festival of Hakka people in Guidong in a year. During the festival, guests are entertained with chicken, duck, fish and meat, and dragon and lion singing dramas are performed, and friends and relatives are very lively. On New Year's Day, Hakkas everywhere * * * avoid meat. On the first day of Hakka in Mengshan, Nanfen, auricularia auricula and daylily are vegetarian dishes, and zongzi is not allowed. It is said that this year's chickens have lost their hair after peeling the leaves of zongzi. Hakkas in Hexian county also stipulate that you can't pick vegetables in the vegetable garden on the first day of the New Year, otherwise the vegetable garden will be infested with insects. Hakka people in Zhaoping are not allowed to kill chickens, eat chickens and curse chickens on New Year's Day. When speaking on the first day of Mengshan, Hakkas should also pay attention to "color head", such as saying "Let it be happy when it is used up", saying "bloom is everywhere" or "Peace through the years" when children accidentally break dishes, and Hakka daughter-in-law should bring paper money to buy New Year's water for the first time. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, Hakkas in Hexian County are also forbidden to light matches to make a fire. They can only ignite with sparks left in the ashes in the kitchen on the evening of the 30th, and keep a fire on the evening of the 30th, which is called "planting seeds", and use the left-over kindling to ignite the auspicious continuation of the incense. There are also some Hakkas in Hexian County who don't eat meat on the second day of the Lunar New Year.
(3) Lantern Festival. Mengshan and Fuchuan Hakkas are also called Lantern Festival. The Fuchuan Lantern Festival lasts for six days from the tenth to the fifteenth day of the first month. The tenth day is the day of lighting, and the fifteenth day is the day of lighting. Besides watching dragon and lion dances and dramas, we mainly watch lanterns. The Hakkas in Mengshan are called chandeliers, which are hung in the middle of the hall on the fifteenth day of the first month. Only those families with men can add chandeliers in the hall, which is called "adding lanterns" to thank God for their children and ask them to bless them. At the same time, it also shows that they are prosperous and proud of their ancestors. In recent years, the Hakkas and local people of all ethnic groups in Fuchuan have broken the rule that only boys can go on lanterns. At that time, they will hang lanterns with "Fairy XX" and "Fairy XX", lotus lanterns, octagonal lanterns and carp lanterns. On their respective streets. All kinds of lanterns compete with each other, shine brilliantly and are extremely spectacular, which shows the civilization of Hakka's view on children.
(4) February 2nd. Hakka people in Guidong call "February 2nd" Land Festival. After the Hakkas migrate and settle down, they will build a land temple near the village. Every year on the second day of the second lunar month, Hakkas prepare three cooked sacrifices and bring incense sticks, paper money and other offerings to the land temple near the village. Sacrifice for people to pay homage to the land temple, the scene is solemn, and the land festival worships the land in order to seek the blessing of the land god and live and work in peace. Hakkas in Hexian County should put Tang Yeli when making rice cakes on the Land Festival. Legend has it that they are not afraid of thunder.
(5) Tomb-Sweeping Day. This is a big festival for Hakkas. On the one hand, pay homage to the deceased ancestors, on the other hand, pay homage to the distant ancestors. This is a traditional festival for people of all ethnic groups. Hakkas in Hexian County must make mugwort leaves and cakes during Qingming Festival. Hair cake symbolizes wealth and prosperity, adding Ding to make a fortune; Ai Yi means "in the ascendant". Hakka people in Mengshan visit graves on sunny days and like to have new friends. This is called "being elegant".
Hakka people in Mengshan are clear-cut. When killing chickens, they should drop "chicken blood paper", press the "chicken blood paper" on the front and back soil of the grave with adobe, put the grave first and then the back soil, and burn incense and sacrifice in this order. After the sacrifice, some of the offerings of the three animals should be taken home, which is called "bringing blessings home". After the sacrifice to the tomb hill, those who are in Qingming must come back directly. They are not allowed to bring offerings into other people's homes, nor to eat with others in other people's homes, so as not to be blessed into other people's homes, nor to eat with others in other people's homes, so as not to be blessed into other people's homes. When you come back from Qingming, you should put the offerings in front of the kitchen throne, which is a "blessing" you brought back.
(6) the gun period. Temples all over the country have a session, during which fireworks-grabbing activities are held, which Hakkas call the fireworks-grabbing period. Zhuang, Yao and Han people in Guangxi all have the custom of grabbing fireworks, and the contents and methods of grabbing fireworks are similar.
The shooting date of Hakkas in Beituo, Zhaoping, eastern Guangxi, originated in the late Ming Dynasty and is held at the Shilong Temple Fair on the first day of the first lunar month every year. According to legend, in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, in order to commemorate the victory of Chen Fangbu, Wang, Yang, Ou and Ya, and to celebrate the victory, four people died of drinking, and people from far and near held large-scale sacrificial activities on the tenth day of the first month, thus forming the cannon period. The difference between the northern Tuo Hakka's cannon period and others is that several "sub-cannons" are the four gods of the Dragon Palace: Wang, Yang, Europe and Asia. It is held once a year, and the village that grabbed the idol will bring it back to worship, and then bring it back the next year to grab it again. By then, all villages will send able-bodied men to take part in the looting. I grabbed the owner of this year's gun. Gun snatchers range from dozens to hundreds. The flags of the villages are flying, and drums and music are playing in all directions. The onlookers are even more crowded and lively.
In the past, there were four kinds of fireworks in Mengshan Hakka: Ding, Cai, Gui and Shou. Presided over by the head of the temple. Once every three years. Fushan Temple in Fucheng is May 28th, Xihe Dengsi Temple is August16th, and Xinxu Guanyin Temple Fair is February19th. There is a ceremony of burning incense and kowtowing before grabbing fireworks. God bless you, what kind of fireworks to grab was decided before the temple fair. Grab blessings and fireworks. Those who don't have men want to grab them, and those who have money will pay for them. Poor family members organized relatives and friends to help rob. After the struggle, the winner asked someone to carry the flower screen home and put it on the left side of the big court. The lion dance team followed closely, firecrackers rang, and the winners and couples bowed in front of the screen. The ceremony of grabbing the gun into the house was completed. Three years later, the winner sent the flower screen back to the temple to prepare for the next artillery period.
At present, Hakka people in Guidong usually only shoot guns instead of grabbing them to prevent disputes and fights.