Zhao Kuangyin 1
Zhao Kuangyin (March 2, 9271-June165438+1October14,976) was named as Yuen Long, and its nickname was Xiang Haier and Zhao Jiuzhong. Zhuo Jun was born in Jiamaying, Luoyang City (now Dongguan, Chanhe District, Luoyang City, Henan Province). Military strategist and martial artist from the Five Dynasties to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty (reigned on February 4, 960-976 165438+ 10/4).
During the reign of Zhao Kuangyin, according to Prime Minister Zhao Pu's strategy of "South first, then North, first easy and then difficult", he devoted himself to unifying the whole country, and successively eliminated the southern separatist regimes such as Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang, and completed the unification of most parts of the country.
He twice "lifted the ban on military power with a glass of wine", stopped the military power of forbidden generals and local buffer regions, and solved the situation that local foot soldiers were self-sufficient since the mid-Tang Dynasty.
In addition, a "sealed warehouse" was established to store money, silk and cloth, with a view to redeeming the sixteen counties presented to Qidan by Shi Jingtang, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin died at the age of 50. In the 16th year of his reign, posthumous title was buried in Yongchang Mausoleum.
2. Zhao Zhen
Song Renzong Zhao Zhen (10/0 May 30th-/kloc-0 April 30th, 063) was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty in China (/kloc-0 March 23rd, 022-/kloc-0 April 30th, 063).
Benefiting from his name, Song Zhenzong's sixth son, his biological mother Li Chenfei, was born on April 14th, the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 10 May 30th), and was appointed as the Crown Prince in September of Tianxi (10/0/8), named Zhao Zhen.
In February of the first year of Ganxing (1022), Zhenzong collapsed and Renzong proclaimed himself emperor. At that time, it was 13 years old, and 1023 was changed to Yuan Tiansheng. 1063 died in the capital of song dynasty palace at the age of 54, and reigned for 4 1 year.
Injong was only thirteen years old when he ascended the throne. Empress Liu listens to politics. In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), Empress Dowager Cixi died after eleven years of listening to politics, and Injong began to take power.
During his reign, the most important military conflict was Xixia. After Li Yuanhao ascended the throne, Xia changed the national policy of his father Li Deming and launched the Song-Xia War. Song Jun suffered losses in Yanzhou, Haoshuichuan and Dingchuan, and Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were even demoted after the Battle of Haoshuichuan.
In the battle of Dingchuan, the Xixia army, which wanted to attack Guanzhong, was stubbornly blocked by Jingtai (now Zhenyuan, Gansu Province), and the whole army was wiped out, thus the strategic goal of Xixia to seize Guanzhong was shattered.
Xixia was unable to support its national strength because of years of war. Finally, the two countries held peace talks: Xia became a vassal of Song, and Song gave Xixia130,000 silks, 52,000 silver and 20,000 Jin of tea every year, which was called "Qingli peace" in history and achieved peace for nearly half a century.
In the first year of Baoyuan, Shaanxi Branch15510000; In the second year, after Baoyuan launched the Song and Xia Wars, Shaanxi spent 33.63 million yuan in Li Qing's second year, which was almost a deficit. The loss of economic incentives for looting in the southern part of Liao country is also one of the important factors to maintain peace in Liao and Song dynasties for a hundred years.
In the fourth year (1052), the peasants rose up against the Song Dynasty, and the army swept across Guangxi and Guangdong. Injong appointed Di Qing and Yujing to lead the troops south. In the fifth year, Di Qing attacked Kunlun Pass at night and defeated Nong Gaozhi in the battle of Guirenpu. The following year, Nong Kochi died of illness in Dali.
3. Evonne
Evonne (1June 7, 082-1kloc-0/June 4, 35), owner of Xuanhe, was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty and a painter. Song Shenzong's 11th son and Song Zhezong's younger brother. He was successively named King Suining and King Duan.
In the first month of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), Zhezong died childless, and Empress Dowager Xiang became emperor in the same month. The following year, she changed her name to "Jianzhong Guo Jing".
After Song Huizong acceded to the throne, he gave the Queen Mother "the right to dispose of military affairs". Empress Dowager Cixi was an old school in Zongshen. After coming to power, she appointed Han Zhongyan, the oldest son of Han Qi, the old guard, as the ruling party, and soon she was promoted to the right. The left-wing Zhang Dun and the ruling Cai Bian were attacked one after another, and Cai Bian was first demoted as the magistrate.
At the same time, the reputation of exiled conservative officials was restored and conservative officials came to power one after another. In July of that year, shortly after the Queen Mother's comeback, Zhang Dun, the left phase who opposed Li Huizong as emperor, was dismissed, Han Zhongyan was promoted to the left phase and Ceng Bu was promoted to the right phase.
At that time, the struggle between conservatives and reformists was getting worse. Some officials thought that both Yuan You and Shao Sheng had made mistakes, so they should eliminate prejudice and reconcile contradictions. So the following year it was changed to Jianzhong Guo Jing. However, the struggle between the old and new parties has not stopped but intensified.
In November (111), Zhong Jianyuan initiated the theory of deism, criticized Zuo Xiang and recommended Cai Jing as the prime minister, which was supported by the ruling party and adopted. First, at the end of the same month, he decided to change next year to the first year of Chongning, explicitly abandoning the reconciliation policy and advocating law, learning and reform instead.
Hui Zong period has always been dominated by Cai Jing and his followers, who, under the banner of expounding Zongshen's reform, rejected dissidents and attacked opponents.
4. Zhao Gou
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou (165438+June/2, 2007 ~1187 65438+1October 9) was born in Bianliang, Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan). The tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ninth son of Song Huizong Evonne, and the younger brother of Song Qinzong Zhao Huan.
During his reign, forced by the situation and popular support, he appointed hawkish generals such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong to fight against 8 Jin J, reused hawkish generals such as Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan, Wang Lun and Qin Gui, made peace blindly, executed Yue Fei, and dismissed hawkish ministers such as Li Gang, Zhang Jun and Han Shizhong.
In the thirty-second year of Shao (1 162), Zhao Shen, the crown prince, was honored as "Eta Ursae Majoris Shoushengxian, celestial body, benevolence, benevolence, sincerity, virtue, Changtong Wuwei Wenshaoye."
In the 14th year of Xichun (1 187), he died in Deshou Palace at the age of 8 1 year, and became one of the rare long-lived emperors in China history, "Emperor Xiao Xian of San SHEN WOO" in posthumous title, with the temple name Gaozong.
5. Zhao Shen
(shèn,1127165438+1October 27-1/June 28, 1994), whose real name was Bocong, was later renamed as Yuancong, with the number Wei. The second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty and the eleventh emperor of the Song Dynasty (ascended the throne on July 20th, 062-11February 89, 18).
Zhao Shen was born in Shaoxing in the second year (1 132), and was chosen by Emperor Gaozong to raise in the palace. In the 30th year of Shaoxing (1 160), Shaoxing was established as a prince and appointed as a feudal king. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Shaoxing was established as the Crown Prince.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Emperor Gaozong gave way to Zhao Shen and brought the throne of the Song Dynasty back to Song Taizu. In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Zhao Shen Zen was located in Zhao Dun, the third son, and claimed to be the Emperor Shouhuang.
In the fifth year of Shao Xi's reign (1 194), Zhao Shen died at the age of 68. Guan De, a fellow countryman from Shao Tong, posthumous title, Zhao Gong, Shirley, SHEN WOO and Ming Sheng became Emperor Xiao, whose temple name was Xiaozong, and was buried in Yongfu Mausoleum. Song Ci recorded a poem about this.
It is generally believed that Zhao Shen was the most successful emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. During his reign, he rehabilitated Yue Fei's unjust case and recovered the Central Plains with hawks. In internal affairs, strengthening centralization, actively rectifying bureaucracy, eliminating redundant officials, punishing corruption, attaching importance to agricultural production, and making people live a healthy life is known as "clean governance" in history. Later generations called it "outstanding as the first emperor of Nandu."
Baidu Encyclopedia-Monarch of Song Dynasty