The geological structure of Baoji is complex, and the landforms in the east, west, south, north and middle are quite different. Surrounded by mountains in the south, west and north, it extends eastward with the Weihe River as the central axis, showing the characteristics of sharp corners and slots. The combination of mountains and plains is dominated by mountains and hills, with mountains accounting for 56% and hills accounting for 26.5% of the total area; The total area of Chuanyuan is 17.5, showing the pattern of "six mountains, one water and three fields". According to the newly discovered biological fossils and isotopic data, the original "Niutouhe Group" dumb rock series distributed along the Shaanxi-Gansu border is decomposed into Proterozoic Longshan Group, Qinling Group, Early Paleozoic Huluhe Group and Fengdan Group (westward extension part). Huluhe Group is the eastward extension of Caledonian fold belt in North Qilian Mountains, which is basically connected with Paleozoic Xieyuguan Group in North Qinling except for the emplacement interval of late granite in Baoji. Huluhe Group and Caotangou Group in the northern Qinling Mountains in the study area are in a composite anticline structure with Cambrian as the core and Ordovician volcanic rocks as the wings. After disintegration, the Qinling Group is an ancient rock block with intermittent connection, which can be connected with the central uplift of Qilian Mountain to the west, and the Fengdan Group can extend westward into Longxi area of Qilian orogenic belt. It is preliminarily considered that Longshan Group is equivalent to the ancient uplift in the corridor transition zone. Based on the study of Huluhe Group and its volcanic rock series in the early Paleozoic, it is found that there is a basic pillow lava belt near 100 km from Qin 'an to Baoji, and according to its associated ultramafic-mafic deposits, diabase walls and siliceous rocks, it is considered to be a ophiolite belt equivalent to North Qilian and North Qinling. The Fengdan Group in the west extension is also a ophiolite belt composed of volcanic rocks (including pillow lava) and ultramafic rocks. Based on this, it is proposed that North Qinling and North Qilian are not only interconnected, but also have the same structural framework combination pattern as the ancient uplift (Qinling Group) in the volcanic rocks (ophiolite) in the middle and early Paleozoic on both sides, which are the products of the collision and splicing zone between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate in China. Petrological study of early Paleozoic volcanic rocks shows that all rock formations are mainly composed of tholeiite (TH)+ calc-alkaline (CA) rock series, and some rock formations have bimodal rock suite characteristics, showing the active tectonic background of island arc or early island arc and late rift. According to the known occurrence of ultramafic rocks in this area, most of them are fault structures and their lateral systems, and it is proposed that they are formed by the root of island arc or upper mantle material, which was squeezed by the collision of north and south plates and rose in place along the fault. In addition, the types, characteristics and metallogenic regularity of massive sulfide deposits known to be related to volcanic rocks in this area are discussed, and their rock-controlling and time-controlling characteristics and potential areas for discovering new deposits are put forward.