Fireworks are products that can form colors, patterns, sound effects and visual effects when they are set off. Firecrackers are products that explode when the main body is set off, which can produce sonic boom, flash and other effects, mainly auditory effects. Fireworks are developed on the basis of gunpowder. At first, it was a pastime for nobles to compete for hegemony and luxury. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, fireworks production technology made new progress and gradually became a holiday gift. Fireworks and firecrackers are set off during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival.

Fireworks should be used to entertain important events. There are many kinds and colors of fireworks in China. However, chrysanthemums are people's favorite flower patterns. After the fireworks shoot into the sky, the colorful brighteners burn first, and then the parachutes open and fall one by one. Fireworks overlap and the night sky is bright, forming all kinds of beautiful patterns, which become the object of people's viewing on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival. This fleeting large fireworks, the cost is very high. Generally, setting off fireworks in counties and towns is both grand and restrained, aiming at viewing and pushing the festive atmosphere to a climax. "Fire trees and silver flowers never spend the night" is a true portrayal of this landscape. Speaking of setting off fireworks, we should also mention the tower fire in Shanxi. This kind of tower fire not only has the function of heating, but also has the value of lighting and viewing, and will also show its talents on the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month. Tower fire is made of brick, loess and clay. Generally, it is more than one meter high, and in some places it can reach 1.56 meters, which is not equal. The diameter is about fifty centimeters. The center is round and there are holes around it. "Tower fire", which contains large pieces of charcoal, is built into a tower shape, and then ignited with firewood from the bottom, so that the charcoal burns itself. This tower fire can burn all night. The lighting of the tower fire is held at the same time as the Lantern Festival, red fire and fireworks on the fifteenth day of the first month. Usually at 14: 00 on the 14th, 15th and 16th of the first month. This tower fire reflects the people's spiritual sustenance, hoping for a bumper harvest, abundant financial resources and prosperous families in the coming year.

photoeffect

Luminous effect is one of the main effects of fireworks. Whether it is a luminescent agent that can emit light, a medicament that can produce bright stars, or a medicament that can produce flicker extinguishing effect, the fireworks effect they produce cannot be separated from the development of light efficiency. Using the luminous effect of fireworks combustion, if metal powder (such as aluminum powder and magnesium-aluminum alloy powder) is added to the medicine, solid and liquid products can be generated when the medicine burns, which will dissociate a lot of light energy and thermal radiation, with luminous intensity of hundreds of thousands of international candles and temperature of several thousand degrees. Fireworks use this luminous effect to play the role of lighting. Using this luminous effect, we can make various kinds of lighting lamps (bombs) with different sizes and shapes. Some drugs can not only produce a certain amount of light when ignited.

In addition to color, many bright stars, such as gold, steel or white, can also be ejected from the light segment, which is called "wave spray" (or Paula). This phenomenon is also produced by using the luminous effect. When hard charcoal powder, aluminum powder and iron powder are added to the agent, some particles are not completely burned in the light section after combustion, and these ejected particles meet with oxygen in the air, and a secondary combustion reaction will occur, resulting in different colors and certain brightness. Hard charcoal powder can produce Venus; Iron powder can produce steel blue stars; Aluminum powder can produce small white bright stars, and under the action of spray waves, it can create various fireworks images, such as golden yellow, white and steel blue spray flowers; Or a swimming tadpole part (called curvature) and a somersault part (called hydrangea) that can produce scurrying, and so on. Some drugs can burn strongly after being ignited to produce certain brightness and color, resulting in a pulse phenomenon of one bright and one extinguished. This effect, which we call flicker, is also a kind of luminous effect. In addition to metal powder, drugs should also be added with substances that are easy to produce a large number of solid and liquid products. In this way, after the combustion of the agent, due to the existence of metal powder, it will produce higher temperature and greater brightness. When the solid and liquid residues cover the next layer of explosive to be burned, low temperature radiation will give people a sense of extinction. After the next layer of medicine is ignited, it will produce high temperature and greater brightness. Then cover the next layer of medicine with solid and liquid residues, and so on, there will be a phenomenon of one bright and one extinguished. We can take advantage of this pulsating phenomenon, such as snowflakes flying and red stars shining, and other fireworks products and various parts. When large-scale fireworks and aerial fireworks produce fireworks effects, the linear distance from the audience's eyes is generally not less than tens of meters, or even hundreds of meters. If the light they produce is dim, they will not receive good results. This requires that these two types of fireworks should have a certain brightness in addition to the correct light color. That is to say, in addition to obtaining a flame with high color purity, it is also necessary to use the luminous effect of chemicals to make the flame have a bright effect. In order to obtain a beautiful and bright flame, a certain amount of metal powder must be added.

Inheritance and development of fireworks in editing this paragraph

Among these hundreds of flowers, there are colorful flowers, one of which does not grow in the courtyard or bloom by the mountain stream. It is in full bloom in the holiday night sky, dazzling and changeable. Fireworks originated from fireworks, and fireworks originated from gunpowder. China is the hometown of gunpowder, which is the evidence of ancient civilization in China. As early as 1300 years ago, Sun Simiao, a famous medical scientist, recorded the composition and properties of gunpowder in detail in Single Crystal. It was not until14th century that it spread from India and Arabia to Europe. At this point, westerners began to know that there was gunpowder. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, gunpowder developed into fireworks for entertainment. Fireworks are also called fireworks, fireworks. Sui fireworks and crackers

Emperor Yang-ti said in a poem, "A tree with a thousand lights makes seven bloom." . The "shelf fireworks" or "bonsai fireworks" in the Song Dynasty have reached a considerable scale. During the Lantern Festival, dignitaries competed with the United States. Shortly after the light was turned on, until it was more residual. Xin Qiji, a poet, once wrote the sentence "Thousands of trees are in the east wind night in bloom, and the stars are like rain", which is a vivid description of it. Fireworks, or fireworks, used to be called western fireworks. It came back from western Europe in the Qing Dynasty. Its development is closely related to chemical industry and metallurgical industry. With the development of science and technology, fireworks and firecrackers have become a discipline. It is no longer only used in festivals, but also widely used in national defense and national economy, such as flare bombs, tracer bombs, smoke bombs, incendiary bombs, imitation coach bombs, target indicator bombs and so on. In addition to military use, various signal products are also used for railway transportation, air transportation, maritime transportation and inland river transportation. Various smoke suppressants are also used to prevent local icing, study the airflow in the atmosphere and various devices, and prevent pests. In addition, white, black and other colors of aerosol are widely used in making movies. The strong light of fireworks comes from those chemically active metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium and other powders. These metal powders combine with oxidation in the air and burn violently, and the temperature can be as high as 3000 degrees, thus giving off dazzling light. These metal powders are called luminescent agents. As for the colorful, it all depends on the power of the hair color agent. The so-called chromogenic agent is actually some common metal salts. It turns out that metal salts can be decomposed at high temperature, and different metal vapors have different spectra-emitting their own inherent color light. For example, sodium vapor produces a yellow spectrum, so sodium oxalate, sodium fluoride, cryolite or sodium silicofluoride are used as yellow color developers; Strontium vapor produces a red spectrum, so strontium nitrate, strontium carbonate and strontium oxalate can be used as red color developers. Others such as: barium chlorate and barium nitrate for green light; Copper carbonate and malachite for blue light; Gold powder for golden light, aluminum powder for white light and so on. With these basic colors, it is not difficult to match various colors. Look, how beautiful the holiday night sky is! Re-evolution

Civilized emission

People in China have the custom of setting off firecrackers. For two thousand years, psychology, ethics, religion, superstition and other elements have all been integrated into it and brought into the category of "culture". Whether it is good or bad is inconvenient to comment. If you pay attention to the firecrackers set off by Jiujiang people, there are some indecent details: firecrackers are set off when moving, firecrackers are set off at midnight, and sometimes fireworks and salutes are mixed; During the Chinese New Year, some people set off firecrackers in the corridor, which was deafening. Funeral firecrackers should be set off at midnight ... so that the residents of the whole building and the whole community can't sleep well, which is really a bit far from "civilization" The author thinks that if we want to set off firecrackers in a civilized way, I am afraid we must first solve the problem of "who listens to firecrackers". The author believes that there are three kinds of listeners from the subjective desire of firecrackers: one is for "immortals", the other is for themselves, and the third is for others. Setting off firecrackers to the listeners of the gods is a kind of sustenance. Setting off a string of firecrackers on a special day, praying for good weather, safe entry and exit, rolling in financial resources and rising step by step ... The person who sets off such firecrackers is more confident than confident. However, it should be reminded that the immortals may not require the length of firecrackers, as long as they are lit; Immortals may have no requirements for the composition of firecrackers, so the intermittent "explosive type" is exempted; Immortals may not require the address of firecrackers, so it is better to find a remote place. Respecting God and accumulating virtue is a "medium-and long-term plan", which will not disturb people and accumulate virtue, and will be immediate. Self-confidence is the most important thing, but "trusting him" is better than "being at a loss" after all. As long as there are measures, everyone will accept and understand. Setting off firecrackers to your audience is to masturbate. When everyone else has put it down, I will put it down, or satisfy my curiosity of "putting it down for fun", listen to firecrackers and listen to the flames, and by the way, take the opportunity of firecrackers to give a few blessings and incentives to relatives and friends. Most of these firecrackers are self-disciplined and will try to take into account the feelings of others. Generally speaking, they don't pursue originality in the time, place and way of setting off firecrackers, and they can accept it if they are specified. Those who set off firecrackers for others are deliberately ostentatious. I bought a new car, you don't know, now setting off a string of firecrackers is a notice for you; My new house is well decorated, you don't know. Look at the level of this fireworks, you should guess 89 points. Restaurants and specialty stores are open, but who knows they don't set off firecrackers ... The most unacceptable thing is that individual firecrackers are different, and they like to play some new tricks: firecrackers are too long and placed around the building; Firecrackers can't do without ups and downs, and they have to "explode" every once in a while; Firecrackers are not enough. People who can see me at night need some fireworks and fireworks. Since it is for others to listen to, it should be placed in a crowded place in the dead of night ... If the third kind of firecrackers are promoted to the point of tossing, they will inevitably face multiple levels of "torture": First, "moral torture", you are willing to let go, others may not be willing to listen, and it is wrong to disturb the people; Second, "environmental torture", the noise of firecrackers, the emission of sulfur dioxide and abandoned garbage are all "experts" in environmental pollution; The third is "effect torture", where firecrackers are set off at an inappropriate time, which affects the normal life of others and brings not necessarily blessings, but disgust. While advocating more tolerance in society, we also hope that there will be less unnecessary tossing, and so will firecrackers. From the perspective of "audience", it is only a small step for individuals, but it is a big step for social civilization.

Caused by air pollution

After ignition, a large number of air pollutants are produced in the air. The main pollutants are phosphorus pentoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which have great pollution to the atmosphere and should be used as little as possible.

Advantages and disadvantages of setting off fireworks and firecrackers

Setting off fireworks and firecrackers during the Spring Festival has been a folk custom in China for thousands of years. Firecrackers bring festive atmosphere to the Spring Festival. As the saying goes, "firecrackers say goodbye to the old year", people use firecrackers to send away the past year and look forward to a splendid new year with fireworks.

However, after the festival, will people worry about the smell of sulfur in the air? Have you ever worried about the firecrackers on the ground? The wheel of history has entered 2 1 century. The traditional custom of polygamy in China has been corrected, the old custom of women's foot-binding has also died out, the old monarchy has been overthrown by democracy, feudal superstition has been replaced by science, and most of those old customs have been transformed into new ones. Why can't the tradition of setting off fireworks be changed?

First of all, let's rationally analyze the advantages and disadvantages of setting off fireworks:

The benefits of setting off fireworks:

1: As a traditional custom of the Chinese nation, setting off fireworks can add festive atmosphere;

2. For some interest groups, the production, transportation, sales and management of fireworks and firecrackers have considerable interest space.

Some people think that without firecrackers, there is no flavor of the year.

In the past 10 year, due to environmental and safety factors, there were 282 cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Xi, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Changsha and Suzhou. However, for many people in China, the New Year without firecrackers is like cooking without salt-it is boring and boring. In the past 10 year, due to environmental and safety factors, there were 282 cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Xi, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Changsha and Suzhou. However, for many people in China, the New Year without firecrackers is like cooking without salt-it is boring and boring. Mr. Li, who is doing business in Beijing, bought several thousand yuan of fireworks and firecrackers this year, and several friends went to their courtyard in Tongxian County to make up enough. Look at the children's excited faces when shooting. He said that it is "unlucky" to set off flowers for the Spring Festival and firecrackers, and he prayed for a prosperous business in the coming year. Besides, when my daughter grows up, she won't remember the New Year with firecrackers. What a pity! "Setting off fireworks and firecrackers is very simple on the surface, but it is actually rich in connotation. The Chinese New Year is a tradition of the Chinese nation for more than a thousand years, reflecting a nation's positive psychological expectations and, to some extent, a concrete manifestation of Chinese traditional culture. " Zhang said, vice chairman of China Folklore Society.

Disadvantages of setting off fireworks:

1: Setting off fireworks is definitely polluting the environment, especially for the high-density residential space in the city;

2. The discharge, sale and preservation of fireworks and firecrackers are very dangerous, which will seriously endanger the life safety and personal safety of the public.

Two days before the New Year, on the evening of February 7, a villager in Changxindian Township, Fengtai District, Beijing, was blown up beyond recognition by firecrackers and died on the spot. According to witnesses at the scene, the diameter of the "two kicks" is 10 cm. During the Spring Festival holiday, many people were injured and burned by fireworks and firecrackers because of carelessness and improper discharge. "On New Year's Eve, from dinner time to around 20 o'clock, there were 16 fireworks patients in our hospital, who had three hand trauma operations, and they were too busy for emergency treatment." Yang Haiting, the Third People's Hospital of Jinan, said that these patients were busy setting off firecrackers as soon as it got dark, and as a result, they became the first "victims" of setting off firecrackers on New Year's Eve. Mr. Chen, 22, is very happy to set off firecrackers with his family on New Year's Eve. However, when setting off a large fireworks display, he never expected that the fireworks display did not rush into the sky, but exploded in the barrel. He couldn't dodge, his eyes were injured, and his whole face and arms were burned to varying degrees. After being sent to the Second People's Hospital of Jinan City, he was treated by experts in time, and his eyes were temporarily saved. According to the introduction of the eye explosion injury treatment team specially set up in the hospital, from the New Year's Eve to the sixth day, they treated more than 20 patients with eye explosion injury. In the first hospital of Zhejiang Medical University, the second hospital of Zhejiang Medical University and other major hospitals in Hangzhou, the cases of "explosive deafness" caused by firecrackers and "sudden deafness" caused by irregular life these days are all above 100. Alin, a 0/5-year-old boy from Hangzhou, has had bad ears, especially his left ear, since he and his cousin set off fireworks for more than two hours on the second day of the Lunar New Year. His parents were very anxious. After taking him to the hospital, they found that Alin's left eardrum had been perforated.

It is not difficult to see from the advantages and disadvantages listed that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. After all, personal safety and public safety are higher than group interests and traditional customs.

So why continue this bad habit of doing more harm than good? As early as the mid-1990s, fireworks and firecrackers were banned in Shenyang for several years, and the public reacted strongly, both for and against them. However, the municipal government made a decisive decision to prohibit the setting off of fireworks and firecrackers. During the Spring Festival, Shenyang is very quiet. When people celebrate the Spring Festival, there is really a lack of festive atmosphere, because there are no firecrackers to set off. But what did they get? During the Spring Festival, Shenyang has no cause. There were no casualties caused by fireworks in major hospitals. Spring Festival without fire, without casualties, although there is no lively atmosphere, it is a real family gathering.

Later, Mayor Mu stepped down and fireworks were banned. According to the official statement, this move is to let everyone feel the atmosphere of the Spring Festival more, and it is true. On the eighth day of every year, long firecrackers will be placed at the gates of major organs, enterprises and institutions for more than half an hour. If you are careful, you will find that firecrackers are not so enthusiastic on the evening of the 30th every year, and the most enthusiastic is the morning of the eighth day.

I don't know if anyone has counted whether firecrackers are consumed by citizens or by government agencies, enterprises and institutions. After the ban is lifted, there will always be a faint siren in the firecrackers. Among the thousands of lights, there are always several families who are sad for the firecrackers. Every year, major hospitals will treat some casualties caused by improper discharge. Every Spring Festival, sanitation workers in Shenyang have to give up the opportunity of family reunion and take to the streets to clean up a large number of firecrackers. At this time, the fire officers and soldiers also went to the police and were busy until late. They have the right to spend the Spring Festival like everyone else, but they gave up this opportunity for firecrackers. I think they will be reluctant, but the nature of their work can only make them so.

Who doesn't want to have a safe Spring Festival? When those two people in the opposite building kicked your balcony glass, when the midnight firecrackers woke up your newborn child in this world, when the scattered fireworks blackened your car, when you were scared by the sudden firecrackers when walking in the street. Do you still approve of setting off fireworks?

In recent years, the voice of keeping fireworks and firecrackers in the Spring Festival to increase the festive atmosphere is getting higher and higher. Some experts have suggested that it is not feasible to simply "ban" or "release". The government should strengthen guidance and management, standardize the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers, and minimize the harm, instead of stopping it at once. The solution lies in finding the combination of "prohibition" and "release"-organized restrictions. Gao Youpeng, director of the Institute of Folk Culture of Henan University, suggested that "the simple' banning' will inevitably lead to the monotony of festival cultural symbols, which will endanger the continuation of traditional culture. The government should choose a place where most people can accept and social security is guaranteed, and set off fireworks and firecrackers in an organized manner within a specific period of time to strengthen the positive function of folk customs. "

"The implementation of the no-entry regulations for so many years has put the police in a dilemma of' management' and' no matter'. We have neither correctly guided the original folk customs nor further improved the management measures, putting the government on the opposite side of the people, leading to' hide and seek' between the masses and the government, damaging and distorting the function of the law. " Lawyer Zhu analyzed. At present, the policy of banning fireworks and firecrackers in Harbin, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Jinan and other cities has been loosened, and the original comprehensive ban has been adjusted to limit the discharge at designated places and at designated times. At present, 106 cities in China have reopened after the implementation of the ban. Zhang pointed out that the topic of "prohibition" made us realize that legislators should attach importance to traditional culture besides other factors when making rules. If the conflict between legal rules and traditional culture is too strong, not only will the rules not be observed, but it may cause rebellious psychology and affect the seriousness of laws and regulations.