Mazihui
The first month of the lunar calendar is the Tibetan New Year. The biggest festival in Jiuzhaigou is Mother's Day on the 15th day of the third lunar month. On this day, men, women and children all dressed up and went to Zharu Temple to attend the temple fair, burn incense and worship God, turn to Buddha, and present Hada to teachers, relatives, monks and lamas to express their good wishes. There are also singing, dancing, Tibetan opera and other celebrations at the temple fair. Young men and women often look for bosom friends and make friends on this day.
Deduojie
Every year from winter to early spring, it is a season prone to fire. Take the village as a unit, and ask lamas to recite scriptures and pray for disaster prevention in special hospitals. This festival consists of two ceremonies: one is to preserve the fire, and the other is to drive it away. During the fire ceremony, a lookout tent should be set up in the most suitable place in the stockade, and a representative from each family should be stationed in the lookout tent. Before midnight, the villagers swam around the village, singing and warning people of fire prevention. The fire fighting ceremony was jointly held by several stockades and lasted for one day. The villagers were all wearing beautiful new clothes, chanting and praying, watching the cavalry composed of dozens of people waving flags and shouting, firing guns to drive away the fire.
Zhuanshan Festival
The Zhuanshan Festival on June 15th and July 15th of the lunar calendar is mainly to worship Zhayi Zhaga Mountain, but it is also full of festive atmosphere. On the day of turning the mountain, most Tibetans will dress up, toast each other, sing in unison, ride horses or walk around the mountain.
"Liang Minyi Feng Na Wang" Temple Fair
On the fifth day of the first month of every year, in order to commemorate the death of a famous Bonny Lama, Tibetans gather in Zharu Temple to read scriptures.
Bai nationality festival
Bai festivals include Torch Festival, Around Three Souls, March Street (Guanyin Festival) and sea games.
One of the festivals: Torch Festival
June 25th in the summer calendar is a grand "Torch Festival" for the Bai people. This festival is a festival for the Bai people to wish a bumper harvest on the eve of the autumn harvest. On this night, a small torch should be erected at the door of every household, and one or several public bonfires should be erected at the entrance of every village, with the torch as high as 50 feet. Red and green flags are inserted on it, and auspicious words such as "bumper harvests" and "human and animal safety" are written. After the torch was lit, the village was as bright as during the day. Then people in each village walk around the fields with small torches and burn pests to get a good harvest.
About the origin of "Torch Festival", there is a vivid story among Bai people:
According to legend, more than a thousand years ago, Piluoge, the king of Nanzhao, was the most powerful of the six imperial edicts. He was ambitious, attempted to annex six imperial edicts, and then married a talented and beautiful young imperial edict wife, Mrs. Charity (also known as Mrs. Bai Jie). To this end, he used the six imperial edicts meeting as an excuse to build a wooden building with the most flammable fire in Song and Ming Dynasties, and invited the imperial edicts to party in Song and Ming Dynasties. This plot of Nanzhao King has never been concealed from the clever Mrs. Bai Jie. Knowing that it was bad luck, she advised her husband not to attend the meeting. At that time, due to the influence of Nanzhao king, the owner of Binchuan dared not break the contract. In the helpless situation, Mrs. Bai Jie sent her husband away with tears, took out an iron bracelet and put it on her hand.
During the dinner, King Nanzhao sent someone to light the Songming Pagoda. As Mrs. Bai Jie expected, all the imperial lords were killed by the fire. When the flame rose, every imperial edict sent troops to save it, but it was too late. When Mrs. Bai Jie arrived, there was only a pile of black charred bones left in the attendants of the burned lords. Mrs. Bai Jie lit a torch on a starry night and dug up her husband's body in this pile of charred bones with her hands, causing her fingers to bleed profusely. Finally, she found her husband's body on a charred bone with an iron bracelet.
With grief and indignation, she jumped into Erhai Lake with her husband's bones in her arms. In order to commemorate her chastity and virtue, on June 25, men competed to greet the spirit, women dyed their nails with impatiens, and the village set up torches to show their memory of Mrs. Bai Jie. This is the origin of Torch Festival.
The "Fish Pond Meeting" on August 23rd (once called "Flower Boat Rescue Meeting") is also said to be used by Bai people to commemorate Mrs. Bai Jie.
Festival 2: Around Three Spirits
The grand "Around the Three Souls" party is held in late April of each summer calendar and lasts for three or four days. This is a traditional festival of the Bai people. Bai people believe in the Lord God, who is regarded as the Lord God among the gods and the master of a village. Among all the gods, there is also the highest god, General Nanzhao, next to Duan Zong, the ancestor of Dali section. Shen Du, the temple where he lived, was built in Shengyuan Temple in Shangyangxi, and held a grand religious ceremony to worship the highest deity, commonly known as "Around the Three Souls". During the "Around the Three Spirits" period, tens of thousands of men, women and children in more than 70 villages dressed in national costumes, played musical instruments, sang and danced, and gathered in the "Shendu" Shengyuan Temple at the foot of Cangshan Mountain to carry out various literary and artistic activities to worship the gods. Participants came here to pray and worship with different hearts. There are many young men and women among them. When they came, they were dressed very brightly, holding willow branches in their hands, playing "overlord whip", singing big songs and banging octagonal drums, which made the whole "Around Three Souls" activity full of festive atmosphere.
In the evening, people rest in the forest around the temple. Young men and women engage in love activities. In pairs, they hid in the bushes, sang along Erhai Lake, crossed the main temple of Lingdi in Hull River, and then went to the main temple of Baojing Emperor and Princess Ma Jiuyi. The whole process was singing and dancing, so the "Around the Three Souls" meeting lasted for three to four days.
Festival 3: March Street
"March Street" is also called "Guanyin Festival". According to legend, Guanyin opened up this area and made it a "bumper harvest". People set this time to get together here to commemorate the achievements of Guanyin.
The "March Street" grand event is held at the foot of Cangshan Mountain in western Dali, and the time is from March 15 to 20 in the summer calendar every year. At that time, Bai people came here to sing, dance, perform, race horses and hold various entertainment and sports activities. With the social and economic development of the Bai nationality in history, this kind of grand meeting has gradually developed into a material meeting of all ethnic groups, which has lasted for more than 1000 years. During the meeting, the streets were crowded with people and filled with all kinds of goods. People buy and sell freely here, and farmers exchange their skins and herbs for what they need.
After liberation, this kind of gathering has become an annual gathering of people of all ethnic groups in western Yunnan for material exchanges and entertainment and sports performances, which has played a positive role in promoting the unity and material exchanges of people of all ethnic groups.
Among the Bai people, besides the above festivals, there are many festivals, such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Solstice Festival in winter. These festivals are roughly the same as the habits of the Han nationality.
Festival 4: playing in the sea
The Bai people along the Erhai Lake in Yunnan hold a traditional sea-playing festival on June 24th of the lunar calendar every year. According to legend, there was once a vicious big black dragon in Erhai Lake, which made waves every year and harmed the people. The clever Bai people carved a yellow wooden dragon and put it into Erhai Lake to fight against the black dragon. Two dragons fought fiercely in Erhai Lake, and Bai people gathered on the shore to cheer for Huanglong. When Huanglong is tired, he sticks his head out and everyone throws steamed bread together: the black dragon sticks his head out and everyone throws stones. So Huanglong became stronger and stronger, and the black dragon was hungry and tired, and was bitten all over, and hurriedly fled to Yangbi River. Since then, the sea has been leaking and calm. In order to commemorate this victory, on this day every year, the Bai people dressed in costumes and propped up flower umbrellas came from all directions to play in the sea by boat or on foot. In the days of playing in the sea, Erhai Lake is dotted with white sails and the shore is crowded with people. People just play suona, sing "Big Ben", and dance overlord whip and crane dance in tune, and have a good time. At the same time, the annual "Dragon Boat Race" is also being held. Dragon boats are generally converted from large wooden boats in Erhai Lake. The sail, about10m long and 3m wide, is decorated with red and green lights. There are three-level colored buckets on the mast, tied with gongs, pine branches on the stern rudder, all-powerful "Huanglong" and "Black Dragon" painted on the side of the ship, and a round "mirror" inlaid in the middle. With a call, dragon boat races were held in villages, and people sang the tune of dragon boat races, wishing good weather and good harvests.
Traditional festivals of Qiang nationality
Qiang people also have many festivals and celebrations. The calendar year of Qiang nationality is one of the most solemn festivals of Qiang nationality. It is held on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year and usually lasts for five to ten days. The ancient Qiang calendar is the October solar calendar. On the first day of October every year, that is, at the beginning of the New Year, pigs and sheep are slaughtered after harvesting to celebrate the bumper harvest. In the Qin dynasty, the Qiang calendar was changed to the lunar calendar, so now the first day of October in the lunar calendar marks the New Year. For many years, the main activity of Qiang people has been to offer sacrifices to gods and cows, in order to wish the sacrifices a blessing or a curse. One day, the gods who worship heaven and cattle will make collective sacrifices. At the same time, each household will worship separately, drink alcohol, take turns to entertain guests (in the village), dance in salons and hold various celebrations.
Mountain festival, also known as mountain festival and sky festival. It is carried out in villages, and the dates from March to June in the lunar calendar are different, and April 12 is more common. It is usually held in the holy mountain and forest near the village. Men and unmarried women participate. They are dressed in costumes, with all kinds of exquisite holiday feasts, wine and delicacies, and live animals such as morning glory, sheep and chickens. The ceremony was presided over by Shi Bi or an elderly person. After the eulogy is finished, kill cows, sheep and chickens to offer gods, mountain gods and forest gods, burn cypress branches, then praise auspicious words, make collective wishes, and then make mutual wishes. This ceremony takes several hours or even a day, and everyone can't afford to bow down. Only Shibi or the host can perform the activity. Finally, after taking the oath of village regulations and ancestral traditions, they collectively shouted, fired guns and cheered, and sang and danced until they returned home happily. The remaining food is distributed equally among all the staff.
Women's Day, also known as Song Festival, is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. From this day on, for four days in a row, men cook and take care of their children, and women go to the stone pagoda goddess salon in the sacred mountain to offer sacrifices and sing songs, then have a picnic and return at dusk. In the evening, every family prepared a banquet to welcome the women to preach the songs and dances brought back from the goddess, and stayed up all night until the fourth day. If a woman under the age of 50 died in this village, there would be no mourning activities.
The traditional worship ceremony is held on June 24th of the lunar calendar. Later, due to the influence of the Han nationality, the Heavenly Sacrifice Society, the Jade Emperor Society and the Master Society merged on June 24th. It is very large, and there are often jumping activities, with hundreds to tens of thousands of people. There is also a women's festival of offering sacrifices to the gods in combination with the Queen's Association of the Han Dynasty. The content is different from Women's Day. It focuses on the worship of God and entertainment, all of which are attended by women.
The Spring Festival of the Qiang nationality is extremely grand and lasts for a long time. Although the Spring Festival is not a traditional national festival, the Qiang people moved the contents of the Qiang New Year Festival to the Spring Festival, making it unique. On the first day of the first month, take one village or several neighboring villages as a single "sitting on the first day". After breakfast, every family will bring their own wine and meat to a fixed gathering place, and the * * * people will have fun and have a big banquet, and the gunshots will continue until the evening when they go home. On the second day of the second year, the whole village began to eat New Year's Eve in turn from house to house. After the end of 1950s, because of the high cost, it only entertained some guests. The traditional science, technology and arts and crafts of the Qiang nationality are unique. For thousands of years, the architectural techniques and crafts of Qiang carving are unique. The invention of zip line and cable bridge also contributed; Smelting and forging technology has been developed. Other technologies, such as making nitrate, sulfur and yellow smoke, were also famous for some time. The knowledge of mathematics, calendar and astronomy of the Qiang nationality is self-contained, and Qiang medicine has made great contributions to the health and inheritance of the Qiang nationality for thousands of years. Since the reform and opening up, modern science and technology have penetrated into Qiang areas. The Qiang people now have their own scientists and academic leaders, the contribution rate of science and technology in social and economic development has doubled, and the economic and social outlook of the Qiang people has undergone earth-shaking changes.
Remember to adopt, haha!