It is an evergreen shrub, and the height of potted plants generally does not exceed 1 m. Its stem is erect, unbranched, dark green with irregular patterns on it. Leaves are usually inserted at the top of branches, pinnately divided, lobes lanceolate, alternate, dark green and shiny. Length 14~22 cm, width 2~3 cm. The top two pinnate leaves are often fishtail-shaped at the base, with young leaves green and old leaves dark green, with shiny surfaces, such as wax products. Spikelets are axillary, with yellow flowers, small balls and dioecious plants. When the nutrition conditions are good, the male inflorescence is slightly erect, the female inflorescence is slightly drooping, and the leaves are orange. Flowers bloom in spring. The leaves are flat and the mature plants are umbrella-shaped. Chinese name: pocket coconut binomial method: Chamaedorea? Caenorhabditis elegans kingdom: plant kingdom: angiosperm kingdom? Magnolia subclass: monocotyledonous plants? Liliopsida order: Palmales? Arecae: Palmae? Arecaceae: Pocket Coconut? Chamaedorea species: pocket coconut? c？ Distribution of Caenorhabditis elegans: Tropical Central America

The catalogue basically introduces plant morphological characteristics, plant habit cultivation techniques, pre-harvest management and propagation techniques, and basically introduces plant morphological characteristics, plant habit cultivation techniques, pre-harvest management and propagation techniques.

Edit the basic introduction of this paragraph? Pocket coconut Pocket coconut [1] (scientific name chamaedorea? Elegans) is also known as dwarf coconut, pocket brown and dwarf brown. Palm pocket coconut, also known as dwarf coconut, is native to Mexico and Guatemala. In plant taxonomy, it is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Palmae, with short plants. Its English name means beauty. Because its plant shape resembles a tropical coconut tree, it is small and exquisite in shape and unique in appearance, so it is named pocket coconut. In addition, it is shade-tolerant, so it is very suitable for small and medium-sized indoor potted plants to decorate indoor environments such as living rooms, study rooms, conference rooms and hotel service desks. , you can add the flavor and charm of tropical scenery indoors. Placed in the corner of the room or on the coffee table, it can add rich business atmosphere to the room and make the room present charming tropical scenery. The following contents of plant morphology are provided by China Plant Image Library (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and participated in the editing of Pocket Coconut. Whole plant and branch editing of pocket coconut, pocket coconut, flowers and fruits. What are the morphological characteristics of this paragraph? When the pocket coconut is potted, the height of the pocket coconut is less than 1 m, and the stem is slender and erect, unbranched, dark green with irregular rings on it. The leaves are born at the top of the stem, pinnately compound, completely divided, the lobes are broadly lanceolate, and the pinnate leaflets are 20-40, sickle-shaped, dark green and shiny. ? The plant blooms in spring, the fleshy spikes are axillary, dioecious, the male flowers are slightly erect, and the female flowers are slightly drooping and the yellow flowers are beaded when the nutritional conditions are good; Most small berries are orange-red or yellow. The plant height is 4-5m, and the trunk is slender. Leaves terminal, pinnate compound leaves arched, tail pointed, apex 2-lobed. Spike drooping, panicle, flower unisexual, monoecious. The optimum growth temperature of Pocket Coconut is 20-30℃, and it goes into dormancy at 65438 03℃, and the overwintering temperature is 65438 00℃. Pocket coconuts (5) Pocket coconuts are small evergreen shrubs of Palmae and Mexican palm, with erect stems, solitary dark green and irregular stripes. Leaves pinnately divided, lobes lanceolate, dark green and shiny. ? They belong to about 120 species, mainly distributed in tropical Central America. It likes high temperature, high humidity and semi-cloudy environment. In plant taxonomy, it is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Palmae, with short plants. Its English name means beauty. Because its plant shape resembles a tropical coconut tree, it is small and exquisite in shape and unique in appearance, so it is named pocket coconut. ? What are the plant habits of this section edited by Pocket Coconut Flowering Diagram? Pocket coconuts like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environments. The suitable temperature for growth is 20~30℃, 13℃ enters dormancy, and the lowest temperature for wintering in winter is 3℃. Pocket coconut cultivation substrate is well-drained, moist and fertile loam. When potted, humus peat soil with 1/4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer can be used as substrate. It doesn't need much fertilizer. Generally, liquid fertilizer is applied 1-2 times a month in the growing season, and little or no fertilizer is applied in late autumn and winter. Every 2-3 years in spring? Change the basin once. Watering? The principle of pocket coconut water is wet rather than dry, and the basin soil can always be wet. When the air is dry in summer and autumn, you should always spray water on plants? To improve the air humidity of the environment, which is beneficial to its growth, while maintaining the dark green and luster of the leaves; Reduce the amount of watering properly in winter, so as to be conducive to overwintering. Pocket coconut likes semi-cloudy environment and avoids direct sunlight in high temperature season. Under the scorching sun, its leaves will fade or turn yellow, and it will produce scorched leaves and black spots, which will lose its ornamental value. In addition, pocket coconut is prone to social brown spot disease under high temperature and high humidity conditions. If brown spot disease is found, it should be prevented and treated with 800- 1000 times Tobuzin or Baijunlingqing in time. ? In the case of dry air and poor ventilation, scale insects are also prone to occur. If scale insects are found, they can be prevented by scraping them manually or spraying 800- 1000 times omethoate. Edit this cultivation technique? Pocket coconut Pocket coconut cultivation substrate is well-drained, moist and fertile loam. When potted, it can generally be made of humus peat soil with 1/4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer. It doesn't need much fertilizer. Generally, liquid fertilizer is applied 1-2 times a month in the growing season, and little or no fertilizer is applied in late autumn and winter. Change pots every 2-3 years in spring. The principle of watering is dry, not wet, and the basin soil can always be wet. When the air is dry in summer and autumn, we should often spray water on plants to improve the air humidity of the environment, which is beneficial to their growth and keep their leaves dark green and shiny. Reduce the amount of watering properly in winter, so as to be conducive to overwintering. Pocket coconut likes semi-cloudy environment and is afraid of direct sunlight. Under the scorching sun, its leaves will fade or turn yellow, and it will produce scorched leaves and black spots, which will lose its ornamental value. In addition, pocket coconut is prone to social brown spot disease under high temperature and high humidity conditions. If brown spot disease is found, it should be prevented and treated with 800- 1000 times Tobuzin or Baijunlingqing in time. In the case of dry air and poor ventilation, scale insects are also prone to occur. If scale insects are found, they can be prevented by scraping them manually or spraying 800- 1000 times omethoate. ? When the seedlings grow to the height of 10 cm, they can be transplanted into nutrient pots. The cultivation substrate is peat, perlite, ceramsite, etc. After planting, the nutrient solution should be poured thoroughly for the first time until the exudate is seen in the tray at the bottom of the basin. Fluid replacement on weekdays, every 10- 15 days 1 time; Replenish water in time according to the moisture of the substrate, but not on the day of rehydration. Drain the exudate from the tray before each hydration. If there is no disease, it can be recycled, otherwise it should be dumped. When there is no exudate in the tray, water it in time. It is best to spray water with a small watering can every time to replenish liquid or moisture. Sprinkling irrigation facilities can be set up for large-scale planting, and nutrient fog can be sprayed directly. This can not only wash the substrate, but also increase the humidity of the air around the plants, which is beneficial to the normal growth of plants. Winter is 65438+ 10 to February of the following year, which is the relative dormancy period of pocket coconut (night temperature 12- 14℃), so watering amount should be controlled to prevent root rot, yellow leaves, necrosis and other symptoms caused by low temperature. During the winter heating period in northern China, the room temperature can generally be maintained at 15-20℃ or 25℃. At this time, the indoor air is dry, so pay attention to hydration. The leaves should be sprayed with water 1 ~ 2 times a day, and the flowerpot should not be near the stove, heater and air conditioner to prevent the leaves from losing water, resulting in dry tip, yellow leaves and even death. In addition, putting the flowerpot in a sunny place indoors in winter is beneficial to the photosynthesis of plants. Soilless culture? The soilless culture technology of pocket coconut is a method of cultivating pocket coconut with inorganic fertilizer solution, that is, nutrient solution. Pocket coconuts like a cool environment and should not be placed near the south window, but on the north, east and west window sills, or equivalent places. Leaves grow in dark places, and the color is strong green, and gradually turn yellow-green under direct light. Too strong light will produce charred leaves and dark spots. The optimum growth temperature is between 20℃ and 30℃, and it goes into dormancy at 65438 03℃, and it should not be lower than 65438 00℃ in winter. When watering, master the principle of wet but not dry, and keep the basin moist all year round. In winter, the amount of water should be reduced appropriately, and it is best to use cold boiled water for irrigation. Clean rainwater can be used in summer. Water is often sprayed on the blades and the surrounding ground to maintain high air humidity. Growth temperature of management table: 20 ~ 30℃, 13℃ enters dormancy period, and shall not be lower than 10℃ in winter. Sunshine: I like the sun-shading environment, 60% sun-shading net. Cultivation substrate: river sand or 1/2 vermiculite +l/2 perlite fertilization: hydroponic nutrient solution is poured every 2-3 weeks during the growing period. Such as 90 1 soilless culture nutrient solution or Huabao, diluted 1000 ~ 1500 times. Water: water 2 ~ 3 times a day in summer, and control the amount of water in winter. 6 ~ 8 weeks to clean the fixed matrix, especially in summer. In order to avoid the harm of harmful substances to plants. Check the pH value of nutrient solution frequently. Excessive alkalization will turn the leaves yellow. Pocket coconut has strong water absorption. When the water level drops, replenish water to the specified position in time. It is very important to master the management method of soilless culture of pocket coconut. Try to avoid direct sunlight, prevent the nutrient solution from evaporating too fast, and put it in a bright place. When the roots are full, remove the roots of 1/3 and the yellow leaves at the same time. After washing the substrate, change to a bigger flowerpot. Nutrient solution? Pocket coconut L, nutrient solution should be prepared with soluble salt. 2, mineral nutrients should be controlled within 4‰. Control the dosage of trace elements. 3. Determine the pH value of nutrient solution in time to keep the pH value needed by plants. 4. The types of various elements in the nutrient solution vary with different plants and different growth conditions. Pocket coconuts are called table coconuts. If it is paired with a simple and generous container, it will look more beautiful and chic. Choose a ceramic or glass container with no holes in the bottom or sides, and it should be suitable for the size of plants. First, spread clean large or medium-sized ceramsite as a fixed substrate, about 2 ~ 3 cm thick, and then put the plants into a flowerpot. Spread the roots around as far as possible, and then fill them with clean ceramsite, 3 ~ 5 cm away from the edge of the basin. The roots must be cleaned up during the growing period. Remove the old roots, let the roots open and put them in the center of the flowerpot. After transplanting, the prepared diluted nutrient solution should be injected until the height of the container reaches 1/5. Household function can purify benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde in the air at the same time, and it is an "efficient air purifier" in plants. Very suitable for indoor or newly renovated rooms. The pre-harvest management density in this section is 6 ~ 18 pots per square meter, depending on the plant size. Pocket coconuts like the soil environment with slight tidal bias. When planting, a small amount of rotten leaves are applied to the bottom of the flowerpot as base fertilizer, and dilute liquid fertilizer is applied every two months during the vigorous growth period. Pocket coconuts like a cool environment and avoid direct sunlight, especially for plants placed in a cool environment for a long time. If they are suddenly placed in strong direct sunlight, their leaves will be burned. Just keep the environment properly ventilated. Pocket coconut likes warm environment, the growth temperature is 16 ~ 28℃, and the overwintering temperature should not be lower than 5℃. Edit this section, Breeding Techniques, Selection of Seeding and Breeding: Before sowing, seeds should be selected, which is directly related to the success of sowing. 1, it is best to choose the seeds harvested that year. The longer the seeds are kept, the lower the germination rate. 2. Choose seeds with full grains and no deformity or deformity. 3. Choose seeds without pests and diseases. ? Disinfection: Disinfection includes two concepts, one is the disinfection of seeds, and the other is the disinfection of sowing substrates. Families usually soak seeds in hot water at about 60℃ for a quarter of an hour, and then use warm water to accelerate germination 12 ~ 24 hours. The best disinfection method of the substrate for sowing is to fry it in a pot, so that any pests and diseases can be scalded to death. Accelerating germination: soak the seeds in warm water 12 ~ 24 hours until the seeds absorb water and swell. For common seeds that germinate easily, this work can be omitted. Sowing: For tiny seeds that are difficult to pick up by hand or other tools, soak one end of a toothpick with water, stick the seeds on the surface of the substrate one by one, cover the substrate with a thickness of 1cm, and then put the sown flowerpot into the water, the depth of which is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the height of the flowerpot, so that the water can be sucked up slowly (this method is called ". After sowing, the substrate is covered, and the covering thickness is 2-3 times of the seed thickness. After sowing, the sowing substrate can be soaked with sprayer and fine-hole shower, and then watered when the soil in the basin is slightly dry. Still pay attention to the watering intensity and don't wash the seeds away. Post-sowing management: after sowing in late autumn, early spring or winter, in case of cold wave and low temperature, plastic film can be used to wrap the flowerpot to keep it warm and moist; After the seedlings are unearthed, the film should be uncovered in time, and the seedlings should be exposed to the sun before 9: 30 am or after 3: 30 pm, otherwise the seedlings will grow very weakly; After most of the seeds come out, the seedlings should be properly spaced: pull out the diseased and unhealthy seedlings and let the remaining seedlings have a certain spacing; Most seedlings can be transplanted when they grow to three or more. Plants with vigorous growth can bloom in 3 ~ 4 years, and fruit can be produced by artificial pollination after flowering, and the fruit needs 6 ~ 7 months to mature. Sowing should be done immediately, especially in spring. Choose full and big fresh seeds, wash the berries, clean the seeds, sow them directly on the river sand seedbed, and use plastic film to keep warm and raise seedlings. The soil should be kept moist and the temperature should be controlled at 24 ~ 26℃. It usually takes 3 ~ 6 months to germinate and emerge. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, the decomposed human excrement and urine water or 0.3% urea solution can be applied thinly, and a small amount of potassium sulfate can be mixed and sprayed to promote vigorous growth. In the spring of the following year, seedlings can be thinned and cultivated and maintained in pots. The mixed substrate of peat and perlite was used for ramet propagation, and a plastic flowerpot with a diameter of 65438±0.5cm ~ 20cm was used, and pottery sand was added to the bottom of the flowerpot as a drainage layer. One-year-old pocket coconuts potted without soil are planted in pots in spring, and planted in flowerpots mixed with substrates, with 3 to 4 plants in each pot. From June 10 to February of the following year, pocket coconut was relatively dormant. In the northern region, it is raised indoors in sunny places in winter, and the temperature is kept at 15℃ to 25℃. If the air is dry, spray water on the leaves every day to keep them moist. When the indoor temperature is low, water less, and then water when the surface is dry, because low-temperature water is easy to rot roots. Indoor scattered light in northern summer is suitable for the growth of pocket coconuts, but attention should be paid to frequent water spraying on the leaves to moisturize them. After planting, the comprehensive nutrient solution should be poured thoroughly for the first time. Until the exudate is seen in the tray, the liquid should be replenished as usual, but not to keep the substrate moist. Pocket coconut likes warm and humid environment and fertile and loose soil with good aggregate structure. The optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 30℃, 65438 03℃ enters the dormant state, and the overwintering temperature is 65438 00℃. Potting can use humus soil, peat soil, or dry pond mud and vegetable garden soil, add 1/4 coarse river sand or cinder particles, add a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and a small amount of calcium superphosphate and mix well as the base fertilizer as the culture soil. It is appropriate to plant 3 seedlings in small pots and 5 seedlings in medium pots. After the seedlings are potted, they are sprayed with root water, put into a semi-shade shed for cultivation, and transferred to normal management after the new leaves are extracted. During the growth period of 4 ~ 10 month, liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied 1 ~ 2 times a month. The fertilizer is mainly decomposed peanut bran water, or compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed with water and sprayed. Top-dressing compound fertilizer every 15 ~ 20 days to promote fast-growing green, with 5 ~ 8g in small pots and 0 ~12g in middle pots. Pot soil should be moist, and water should be poured once after drying. Spray 0.2% urea +0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 ~ 15 days to promote plant growth and strong leaves. Little or no fertilization in late autumn and early winter. In the middle and late March of spring, it is advisable to change a pot every 2 ~ 3 years. During the growing period, watering should be dry but not wet, and it should be ventilated and cool, which is beneficial to plant growth and can improve disease resistance. Keep the basin soil moist. If it rains too much or is watered too much, potted soil will easily lead to the decay of the lower leaves of plants, which will lead to the spread of black spot disease and make the leaves wither or even die. Humidity: keep the relative humidity of air at 75 ~ 85%. The basic requirements of cutting rooting are: before cutting rooting, it is necessary to ensure that the cuttings are fresh and tender and can produce rooting substances through photosynthesis. However, cuttings without roots cannot absorb enough water to maintain water balance in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the moisture evaporation of cuttings by spraying: spraying cuttings 3-5 times a day under the condition of shading. The higher the temperature in sunny days, the more times they spray, and the lower the temperature in rainy days, the less or no times they spray. However, if the cuttings are sprayed excessively, they are easily infected by germs and rot, because there are many kinds of germs in the water. Illumination: It is inseparable from sunlight, because the cuttings will continue to carry out photosynthesis, make nutrients and rooting substances, and supply them with rooting needs. However, the stronger the light, the higher the temperature in the cuttings, the more vigorous the transpiration of cuttings and the more water they consume, which is not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, 50 ~ 80% sunlight must be blocked after cutting, and then the sunshade net should be removed gradually after the root system grows: the sunshade net should be removed at 4: 00 pm every day on sunny days and covered before 9: 00 am the next day. Pocket coconut grows faster in high temperature, high humidity and semi-cloudy environment, and is afraid of direct sunlight. Under the scorching sun, their leaves will turn pale or yellow, resulting in scorched leaves and black spots, which will lose their ornamental value. It is tolerant of shading, especially in summer and autumn, the shading degree is 60%, but it is appropriate to give brighter scattered light in winter and spring. 1 ~ 2 months of indoor decoration will not have much impact on the growth and appreciation of plants, but during the decoration period, attention should be paid to spraying water on the leaves and cleaning them to make them dark green, shiny and bright. Watch the scattered light regularly, pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water, and improve the viewing effect. High temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation are easy to cause black spot disease, especially from April to 1 1 vigorous growth period, so we must pay attention to disease prevention. Once the tip of the leaf is found to be scorched, 50% thiophanate or 50% chlorothalonil 800- 1000 times solution should be sprayed in time to prevent it, at the same time, the indoor ventilation should be kept cool and ventilated, and the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately increased. The soil should be well drained, neither too dry nor too wet, and the basin soil should be kept moist during the growing period, which is beneficial to plant growth and improve disease resistance. Dry air and poor ventilation are easy to cause scale insect harm. Depending on the insect situation, 40% omethoate 1000 times solution or 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 1500 ~ 2000 times solution and 20% metronidazole 1500 times solution can be sprayed to control scale insects. Edit the maintenance points of this paragraph. To plant pocket coconuts well, we should pay attention to the following problems: illumination: pocket coconuts like semi-shade, and their leaves will turn yellow in strong sunlight; If left in a place with insufficient light for a long time, plants will become slender. So it's best to put it indoors in a bright place by the window. Temperature: Pocket coconut likes warmth, and the suitable temperature for growth is 18-24 degrees Celsius, 13 degrees Celsius to enter dormancy. It is best not to be lower than 10 degrees Celsius in winter. Watering: Pocket coconuts like water. Keep the soil moist during the growing period, and then water it when two-thirds of the soil is dry. In addition, pocket coconuts like high air humidity. If it is too dry, the tip will turn brown. Therefore, in the dry period, such as autumn, measures such as spraying water on leaves frequently should be taken to improve the air humidity around plants. Fertilization: During the plant growth period, compound fertilizer can be applied once a month. Pot soil: It is best to plant loam with good drainage and loose fertility. Reproduction: Pocket coconuts generally reproduce with seeds. When editing this paragraph, you should pay attention to the following technical problems when raising pocket coconuts: ① Beware of the edge burning caused by too much light. Because pocket coconuts like cool environment, indoor culture should be placed near the north window, east window or other places with bright scattered light; Pocket coconuts are most afraid of direct sunlight, and even if they are exposed to the sun for a short time, their leaves will be scorched and turned yellow. On the contrary, if it is left in a dry and dark place for a long time, the color of the leaves will also fade and lose luster. ② Suitable temperature. Generally, the optimum growth temperature is 20~30℃, the indoor temperature in winter is 12~ 14℃, and the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 10℃. ③ Keep the ambient air humidity. It is necessary to spray water on the leaves frequently to increase the air humidity. (4) Acid soil should not be used in basin soil, and a small amount of clay should be added. ⑤ Change pots every 3 years 1 time. ⑥ Apply dilute liquid fertilizer 3~4 times in spring seedling stage. The application value of this paragraph is that the pocket coconut plant is small and exquisite, graceful in shape, graceful and elegant in posture, with bright dark green leaves and strong shade tolerance. It is an excellent indoor small and medium-sized potted foliage plant. The leaves are flat, the mature plants are umbrella-shaped, dignified, simple and beautiful, and the leaves are chic, jade-like and crystal clear, giving people a sincere, simple and vibrant feeling. ? Small plants should be planted in small pots, placed on desks and desktops, which are treasures on the stage, and also hung in indoor decorative spaces. It can be displayed in halls, conference rooms, waiting rooms and other places. In order to beautify the important indoor foliage plants, they have become popular all over the world in recent years. The common diseases and insect pests for controlling pocket coconut in this section are scale insect brown leaf disease and anthracnose. 1. Hemishellfish brown. Pest symptoms: pale leaves with pale spots. In severe cases, the plants are weak, affecting growth and losing ornamental value. Control methods: (1) Use ladybugs to control insects; (2) When a large number of larvae appear, 40% omethoate 1000 times can be sprayed, once a week 1 time. 2. anthrax. Symptoms: In the early stage of the disease, the tip of the blade is dark brown, and the lesion gradually expands, and the lesion of the leaf is connected in the later stage. Prevention and control methods: (1) Strengthen maintenance, don't hurt the leaves, spray more water and keep the leaves clean; ⑵ Spray 1% bordeaux mixture every 10 days in summer. In addition, leaf spot and root rot will also occur in pocket coconut in high temperature season, so attention should be paid to the ventilation of its growing environment and soil. If necessary, topaz and chlorothalonil can be sprayed for control. The editing of this paragraph is similarly different. The two plants are similar in appearance. The specific differences are as follows: ① Sunflower: the stem is smooth, burr-free, cylindrical, the base is slightly enlarged, and the height can reach 3-8 meters. Leaves are smooth and slender, pinnately divided, each leaf has 40-60 pairs of lobes, 2 rows, hard, not drooping, needle-shaped, 40-60 cm long, tapering at the top in a long tail shape. At first, the upper part was white powder, and then it fell off. The spike is born under the leaf sheath bundle, and the branches are arranged in panicles. The flowers are small golden yellow, the fruit is gyro-shaped, purple-black, and there is no endocarp. ② Pocket coconuts: the highest is1-3m, and most of them are potted at about 20-50cm. Stems are upright, unbranched leaves emerge from the top, and their feathers are completely split. Lobes are broadly lanceolate, dark green and shiny, and bloom in spring. Spikes are axillary, dioecious, with erect male inflorescences, slightly drooping female inflorescences in good nutritional conditions, small yellow flowers and orange fruits. [2] How to identify pocket coconuts. Pocket coconut has many nicknames, such as dwarf coconut, pocket palm, pocket sunflower, happy palm and so on. They belong to the genus Palmae, and are small evergreen trees. Plant height I? About meters, the cultivation in warm ground and open field can reach 2? More than one meter. The root system is developed. The stems are slender and erect, usually solitary and dark green, with ring marks left by the base of leaf sheath after the leaves fall off, and the ring marks are different in length. Leaves alternate at the top of the stem, with odd pinnate division, 30-40 cm long, and lobes lanceolate, 20-40 cm. Piece, dark green, leather. Spikes are multi-branched and panicle-shaped. Monoecious, with the same inflorescence and yellow flowers. The fruit is nearly national in shape and blue-black at maturity. Cultivation seldom bears fruit. [3]