Between the axils of branches, there are 1~2 flowers in each node, 5 fragrant petals ranging from pink to crimson, and some with double petals. 1, Pinzi plum type
The typical variety of one flower and three fruits is Pinzimei.
2, small thin plum type:
The flower is very small, white, yellow or red, with a diameter of 7 ~ 22mm, single petal, occasionally no petal, small fruit and small veins.
Plum varieties include Beijing Xiaomei, Moshan Xiaomei, Meizhou Xiaomei and Huang Jinmei.
3. Jiang Mei type:
Single flower, red, pink, white, etc. , with a crimson calyx or flowers on a green background.
The main varieties are Jiang Mei, Xue Mei, Liu Ban, Liu Ban Red, Xinghu Xiaohua, Changrui Danfen, Danfen, Pale Cold Red, Hanrihong, Pink Cold Red, Fushoumei, Xueyuehua and Fangliuge.
4, palace powder type:
Double to double flowers, crimson or light pink.
The main varieties are Dayu, Koupai Scarlet, Laomeidahong, Xiaoougong Powder, Fupai Powder, Fenpigong Powder, vermicelli, Fenyungong Powder, Caishangong Powder, Caoxigong Powder, Chuanxi Powder, Double-petalled Powder, Taigegong Powder, Fufen, Huangyan Powder, Huqiu Evening Powder, Yulugong Powder, Fanwangong Powder.
5, green calyx type:
Flowers are solitary, revived or double, with white or light green at the initial flowering stage, green calyx, turquoise branchlets and no purple halo.
The main varieties are green calyx, Tiger green calyx, long pistil green calyx, two green calyx, compound green calyx, six green calyx, small green calyx, money green calyx, rice single green calyx, long pistil single green calyx and single green calyx.
6, jade butterfly type:
Double or double flowers, pure white.
The main varieties are Jingyu Butterfly, Button Jade Butterfly, Huanong Jade Butterfly, Huizhou Sandalwood, Zidibai, Subaitai Pavilion, Qingzhi Jade Butterfly, Xiaoyu Butterfly, Tricycle Jade Butterfly, Lotus Jade Butterfly, Huizhou White Butterfly, Wuyang Jade Butterfly, Yutai Zhaoshui and Zidibai Zhaoshui.
7, cinnabar type:
Single, compound or double flowers are characterized by purple flowers, purple calyx sauce and light purple xylem.
The main varieties are jet, Changshu ink, gulihong, dancing cinnabar, Taige cinnabar, Huizhou bone red, iron bone red, multi-calyx cinnabar, pink cinnabar, branch cinnabar, thousand-petal cinnabar, Nanjing bearded cinnabar, water cinnabar, white-bearded cinnabar, Jiangnan cinnabar, faint cinnabar, bone red flashing cinnabar, early planted cinnabar, single-petal cinnabar, red thousand birds and a few nights sleep.
8. Yellow fragrance type:
Double or double, pale yellow or nearly white, with pale yellow center and crimson calyx.
The main varieties are Huangshanhuangxiang, Caowanghuangxiang, single-petal Huang Xiang and Nanjing Fuhuangxiang.
9. Sprinkle money:
Single, compound or double flowers with red, white or water red stripes.
The main varieties are Kunming small jump branch, late jump branch, compound jump branch, single jump branch, rice single jump branch and so on. There are many varieties of plum blossoms, including more than 30 large varieties and more than 300 subordinate small varieties. Generally, the flowering period is about 2 ~ 3 months.
Plum blossoms are mainly divided into two types, one is plum, the other is plum; Plum blossoms are for viewing. According to Professor Chen Junyu's research, there are 23 varieties of 1962, and they are still innovating. According to its growth posture, it can be divided into straight-legged plum, apricot plum, Shuimei plum and Longyou plum. According to patterns and colors, there are palace powder type, red plum type, jade butterfly type, cinnabar type, green calyx type and golden sprinkling type.
Among them, Gongfenmei is the most common and has the most varieties. Jade butterfly has its own charm, and the green calyx has the strongest fragrance, especially the "Money Green Calyx" in Chengdu. Plum-the main fruit is plum, and the flowers are small, which can be divided into green plum, Bai Mei, flower plum and ebony. Meishan Township, Chiayi County is the most famous plum blossom in Taiwan Province Province, and the plum trees planted in Nantou County are also the most famous. Plums are picked and made into all kinds of plums, which sell well all over the country.
Mei is a specialty of China. It (she) is native to the mountainous areas of northwest Yunnan, southwest Sichuan and even eastern Tibet. It was distributed in the south of the Yangtze River about 6000 years ago and was introduced and cultivated 3000 years ago. According to scientific research, "Hua Mei" and "Yuan Mei" unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha have a history of 2 150 years. It was introduced to Korea in the 2nd century BC and Japan in the 8th century. They are real plums, apricot plums and cherry plums. Under it, it is mainly divided into five categories according to the branch posture.
The first kind is called straight plum. Branches are straight or inclined. This is the oldest and most gorgeous member of the Mei family, which is divided into nine categories, such as plum and palace powder.
The second class name is weeping plum. Branches droop naturally or obliquely, and there are five kinds of drooping branches such as pink flowers.
The third class name is Long Youmei. Branches naturally twist like dragons, only 1 (dragon and plum) and 1 (jade butterfly and dragon pattern).
The name of the fourth class is Xingmei. In Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda recorded the interspecific hybridization between Nami and apricot for the first time in Li Shu. Flowers, leaves and branches live among apricots.' Apricot' is not fragrant or slightly fragrant (non-apricot), and its receptacle is enlarged. There are single apricot and plum types and late spring types.
The fifth category is cherry plum, which is an artificial hybrid of purple leaf plum and Gongfen plum. It's a purple leaf safflower with double petals and big flowers, which is cold-resistant.
Plum blossoms originated in China. There are more than 300 varieties of plum blossoms cultivated and applied in China, and there are still wild plum blossoms distributed in mountainous areas. Wild plums are distributed in the southwest mountainous areas, especially in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and extend eastward to western Hubei. There are many varieties and varieties of plum blossom, which can be divided into right-angled plum, Zhao and Longyou plum according to branches and growth posture. According to the pattern, it can be divided into palace powder, red plum, Zhao, green calyx, scarlet, jade butterfly and other types. Among them, palace powder is the most common, with pink flowers and dense and thick flowers; Jade butterfly-shaped flowers are purple and white; Green calyx flowers are white and fragrant, especially "money green calyx". Tighten; pressure
(1) Three families: 1, the true beauty family; 2. Plum blossoms; 3. Cherry blossom system.
(2) Five categories: 1, Prunus mume; 2. weeping plum; 3. Longyou Li; 4. Apricot and plum; 5. Cherry plums.
(3) 19 type: 1, plum, ebony, plum palace, green calyx, jade butterfly, cinnabar, yellow incense, sprinkling gold; 2. Plum blossoms can be divided into three types: pink flower type, five treasures type, remnant snow type, Bai Bi type and bone red type. 3. Longyoumei is divided into Jade Butterfly Longyou type; 4. Apricot and plum are divided into single-petal apricot and late spring type; 5. Cherry plums are divided into plum types. China has a long history of ancient beauty, among which there are five ancient beauty theories, represented by Chu beauty, Jin beauty, Liang Meiwei, Tang Mei and Song Mei.
Chu Mei: At Zhanghua Temple in Shashi, Hubei Province. It is said that it was planted by King Chu Ling, so it has been more than 2,500 years, which is the oldest ancient beauty.
Jin Mei: In Jiangxin Temple in Huangmei, Hubei. It is said that it was planted by Zhidun, a famous monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it has been 1600 years. In late winter and early spring, plum blossoms twice, which is called "Ermei" (another saying is that it is named Ermei because the whole flowering period lasts in winter and spring).
Liang Meiwei: The Capitol Hill in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. According to legend, it was planted by Master Guan Ding, a disciple of the founder of Tiantai Temple in Buddhism, with a history of 1300 years.
Tang Mei: There are two kinds of ancient beautiful trees called "Tang Mei". One plant was planted in the yard of Tang Ming, Chaoshan, Zhejiang Province. It is said that it was planted during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. A piece of Heishui Temple in Kunming, Yunnan, is said to have been planted by Daoan monks in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13).
Song Mei: Baochi Temple in Chaoshan, Zhejiang. Generally speaking, plum blossom has five petals, but this Song Mei plant has six petals, which is unusual. Plum blossom originated in the southwest of China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, mountainous areas in southern Jiangxi and Fujian and Taiwan, among which Meiling Scenic Area in Nanxi Town of Tainan County and Xinyi Township of Nantou County are the best in Taiwan Province Province. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March. Wild plums are distributed in high altitude areas such as Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi. Plum blossoms cultivated in the south of the Yellow River can safely overwinter in the open air, and hybrid plum blossoms have successfully overwintered in the open air in Beijing. Plum blossoms like a warm and slightly humid climate, slightly tolerant of shade and not afraid of cold. The soil is light soil and sandy soil, which is rich in humus and easy to grow on medium clay loam. Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for plum blossoms since ancient times. Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem "Flowers in Yongmei" said: "I went to the west of the city and got drunk for plum blossoms. Twenty Li Xiang, Qingyang Palace to Huanhuaxi ". Plum blossom is a deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae, sometimes it refers to its fruit (plum) or flower (plum), and its scientific name is plum blossom. Plum blossom originated in China, spread to Korea and Japan, and then spread to western countries from Japan. The scientific name of plum blossom is actually Japanese pronunciation, which is said to come from the pronunciation of the word plum blossom in the Central Plains of ancient China.
In addition, plum blossom and wintersweet are two completely unrelated plants. Plum belongs to Rosaceae and Chimonanthus praecox belongs to Chimonanthus praecox. Chimonanthus praecox is only three meters high, and the flowers are mostly yellow. The fruit is spindle-shaped, which is different from plum blossom. Chimonanthus praecox is yellow, while plum blossom is white, pink and red. Plum blossoms bloom in early spring and wintersweet in early winter, with a difference of one quarter. Chimonanthus praecox has a strong fragrance, while plum blossom has a sweet fragrance. In addition, the wax texture of wintersweet is very strong, and the paper texture of plum blossom is very strong. To put it simply, the petals of Chimonanthus praecox are hard, and the petals of plum are soft.
Ume (plum) is the Japanese name of Asian plum tree (Prunus of Rosaceae). As a flower viewing tree, it is widely planted and its fruit is edible. Although it is called plum, it is actually closer to apricot in classification. There is also a Japanese plum called sumomo.
In Japan, plum blossoms bloom in late winter, that is, 1 late month and February, with flowers first and leaves later. Five petals diameter 1 ~ 3cm. Wild flowers are white, and there are artificial varieties such as rose red and crimson. Leaves came out soon after the flowers fell behind. The leaves are oval and the tips are arrow-shaped. Fruit ripens in early summer, which is June in Japan. Because the fruit maturity coincides with the rainy season in southern China, it is also called the rainy season. The fruit is round, and there is a shallow ditch from the stalk to the top. The peel is green, gradually turns yellow after picking, and may appear red, indicating that the fruit is mature. The flesh is yellow.
Japan: China culture was introduced into Japan in the 4th century, and it was widely planted in Japan.
Lucy: Except for New Zealand, there are few plants in Europe and America. China's literature about Mei has a long history. But the record of plum production is much later than that of cultivated varieties. In the 6th century, Tao Hongjing recorded in Records of Famous Doctors that Shimei was born in Hanzhong Valley. There is a record about the origin of wild plum in "Flower Mirror", saying that plum originated from Luo Piao, Han Ji and Siming. In the List of Plants on the Island of Taiwan Province Province, the specimens of wild plum trees in Ergui, Hehuanshan and Hsinchu in Taiwan Province Province were collected, and Uehara Keiji recorded in the Tree Map that there were wild plum trees in the upper reaches of Dajiaxi and Xuehuakeng in the upper reaches of Da 'anxi in Taiwan Province.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, British Clack collected samples of plum trees in Guangdong Province, China, and at the beginning of the 20th century, British E.H.Wilson collected samples of wild plum trees in western Hubei. From 1930s to 1980s, Chinese botanists successively collected wild plum specimens in Guizhou, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong and other provinces. A large number of wild plum specimens have also been collected in many places in Yunnan and Sichuan Province.
China horticulturists have made a lot of investigations and found that wild plums are also concentrated in Eryuan, Songming, Deqin, Lushui, Jianchuan, Xiangyun, Yunlong, Ninglang, Binchuan and other counties and cities in Yunnan. In addition, the natural distribution of ebony includes Luotian in Hubei, Xianning in Jiangxi, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, Huangshan in Anhui, Jianping and Xing 'an in Yunnan, and Napo Mountain in Yugu in Shaanxi, Wenxian and Kangxian in Gansu.
It can be seen that plum is widely distributed in China, with the southern slope of Qinling Mountains in the north, Tongmai in Tibet in the west and Yunnan and Guangdong in the south. * * * There are 16 provinces or regions. In this range, the Hengduan mountain area at the border of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet is the natural distribution center and diversity center of plum blossom, and the wild merlin in this area has a large area and many variation types. The cultivated distribution area of plum is much larger than the natural distribution area. In addition to cultivating naturally distributed plums, they are cultivated in Beijing, Shandong, Henan and Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region. In addition, plums are also cultivated in Hainan Province. In the northern cultivation areas, plum blossoms are mainly cultivated and ornamental. However, the most concentrated area of plum appreciation in China is the Yangtze River valley. In this area, many plum gardens have been built, one of which has a long history and has formed a certain influence at home and abroad, such as Wuhan Donghu Meiyuan, Wuxi Meiyuan, Nanjing Meihuashan and Chengdu Du Fu Caotang. With the continuous spread and popularization of plum culture, there are more scenic spots to enjoy plum in the north, and many plum gardens have been built or are under construction.